Trust Building via Negotiation: Immediate versus Lingering Effects of General Trust and Negotiator Satisfaction

Group Decision and Negotiation - Building long-term trustful relationships with counterparts is a crucial objective for many negotiators. Despite numerous “snapshot” trust studies,...     

Clinical Assessment Methods in Negotiation Research: The Study of Narcissism and Negotiator Effectiveness

Field studies suggest that individual differences are strong determinants negotiator effectiveness, but their impact has yet to be adequately documented (Thompson 1990). We argue that the lack of empirical confirmation is attributable to methodological limitations of the dominant paradigm. This paper shows the usefulness of psychodynamically-oriented constructs and clinical assessment methods. The study contrasts the negotiation experience of individuals high and low in narcissistic functioning, a core psychodynamic variable, and the deep-seated character trait that underlies the interpersonal orientation construct. Implications of this approach for the design of personality assessment and negotiation research are explored.     

Discrepant Values and Measures of Negotiator Performance

The thesis of the paper is that measuring negotiator performance correctly is difficult because the values that those of us who measure negotiator performance think negotiators are maximizing may differ from the values negotiators are actually maximizing. When such discrepant values exist, using performance measures that do not account for them can lead easily to incorrect conclusions about negotiator performance. Indeed, good performance may be judged poor, and vice-versa. This paper explores several related literatures, including the experimental-bargaining, behavioral-decision-making, and procedural-justice literatures, to demonstrate that discrepant values exist. It then demonstrates that whenever performance measures are used as dependent variables in negotiation experiments, the existence of discrepant values can lead to both Type I and Type II construct-validity errors.     

Confident and Cunning: Negotiator Self-Efficacy Promotes Deception in Negotiations

Journal of Business Ethics - Self-confidence is associated with many positive outcomes, and training programs routinely seek to build participants’ self-efficacy. In this article, however, we...     

Negotiation Engineering: A Quantitative Problem-Solving Approach to Negotiation

Although they are often complex, negotiations are practical problems that can be solved with the aid of specialized, ad hoc methods. We introduce a problem-solving approach to difficult negotiations inspired by the established solution-oriented discipline of engineering, which we term “Negotiation Engineering”. It is based on the reduction of problems to their most formal structures and the heuristic application of quantitative methods for problem solving. We argue that mathematical language in negotiations helps to increase logical accuracy in negotiation analysis and allows for the use of a variety of existing helpful mathematical tools to achieve a negotiation agreement. We demonstrate the practicability and usefulness of this approach using four case studies in the area of international diplomacy in which Negotiation Engineering was applied to achieve negotiation solutions.     

Rejection of Empathy in Negotiation

Trust is a crucial quality in the development of individuals and societies and empathy plays a key role in the formation of trust. Trust and empathy have growing importance in studies of negotiation. However, empathy can be rejected which complicates its role in negotiation. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of empathy by focusing on rejection of empathy in negotiation. Some of the rejections are due to failed recognition of the rejector’s needs and desires whereas others have mainly strategic functions gaining momentum in the negotiation. In both cases, rejection of empathy is a phase in the negotiation not a breakdown.     

商业谈判中的情报竞争案例

商业谈判是商业中最常见的活动之一,在买卖交易、企业兼并、技术引进乃至各种商业冲突中,人们都会通过谈判来解决问题,所以从某种意义上说,商业谈判就是在谈判的双方进行的情报博弈,在这场博弈中起重要作用的因素不仅仅是口才、素质、公司的实力地位,更重要的是各自所掌握的相关情报.在本文中将要介绍的就是商业谈判中的一些情报运用策略.     

Justice and Fairness in Negotiation

In this special issue we display a variety of approaches to the study of justice. Articles from scholars working on questions involving justice and fairness in decision making exchanges calls attention to variety of research approaches, issue domains, cases and hypotheses used to explore these questions. All of the contributions emphasize analysis, using quantitative and qualitative methods including simulation-experiments, comparative case studies, statistical analyses and game theory. The articles in this collection reveal that justice and fairness concerns extend from the negotiation process to the outcome and into the implementation stage. They share the underlying expectation that individuals and groups gravitate toward fairness and justice in their exchanges with others. Therefore, a full understanding of group decision processes will be incomplete if justice and fairness issues are not considered alongside issues such as power distributions and alternatives to an agreement. The authors also suggest that outcomes built on justice and fairness principles will enhance the efficiency, stability and implementation of the negotiated agreements.     

Negotiation in Channels of Distribution

A model of the negotiation process is developed and tested on a sample of motor carriers that provide contractual service in distribution channels. The result indicate that expectation of continuity in a channel relationship leads to cooperative negotiating behavior. This cooperative (integrative) negotiating behavior, in turn, results in mutually beneficial outcomes. In addition, perceived dependence has a weak effect on negotiating behavior and outcomes. Managers are advised about conditions and outcomes of the use of both cooperative and arms-length negotiating strategies.     

国际商务谈判中的禁忌

在国际商务谈判中,商务人员要了解不同国家地区的习俗和禁忌,主要包括日常交往的禁忌、数字的禁忌、颜色的忌讳、花卉的忌讳和动物图案的忌讳,为商务活动的顺利进行做好铺垫。这是商务谈判活动中,商务谈判人员必须具备的基本素质。     

Intercultural Negotiation in International Business

Cultural differences among negotiators is a constant in international business negotiations. Four element of culture - behavior, attitudes, norms and values influence such negotiations particularly with regard to communication, the form and substance of transactions, and negotiating style. Negotiating style involves ten factors, and the article reports survey data on how negotiators cultural differences are suggested.     

Interdependence Issues in Analyzing Negotiation Data

This study illustrates the conceptual and statistical issues stemming from the use of nested, interdependent data in negotiation research. To this end, the nature and forms of interdependence are discussed, several models of interdependence are outlined, and methods for analyzing interdependent data are presented. Furthermore, an example using the actor–partner interdependence model is given. This discussion and example may provide an avenue to rethink the modeling and analysis of offline and online negotiation processes, given the interdependent nature of negotiation data.     

Negotiator affect: the state of the art (and the science)

Negotiation, once regarded by researchers as essentially a cognitive process through which parties with non-identical preferences allocate resources through joint decision making, is now understood to have a significant affective component. I discuss in this essay the evolution of research exploring the role of affect in negotiation, consider the interplay of affect and cognition that underlies the papers in this issue, and comment on methodological developments and challenges in the study of negotiator affect. Attention to the role of affect is no longer a peripheral pursuit in negotiation research, but it does remain an elusive one.     

中美BIT谈判快速推进下的冷思考

自2008年6月第四次战略经济对话上中美双方领导人就正式启动双边投资协定(BIT)谈判达成共识以来,谈判已经进行了九轮。但在九轮的谈判中,双方仅限于技术性磋商,进展缓慢,根本原因在于双方分歧较大,主要集中在美国范本中的准入前国民待遇和负面清单模式,这两个问题对我国现有经济管理体制和外商投资政策构成了一个很大的挑战。因此,中美之间的双边投资协定谈判似乎注定将是一个漫长的过程。     

Implications of Negotiation Theory for Research and Development of Negotiation Support Systems

This paper summarizes a parametric theory of negotiation as a basis forshedding light on negotiation support system possibilities. Previously, thetheory has been used to analyze prior research accomplishments in the area ofnegotiation support systems. Here, we discuss implications of the theory thatare relevant for future research and development of negotiation supportsystems. The implications are concerned with three topics: a high-levelgeneric characterization of these systems, an identification of theirpossible support functions, and a taxonomy for classifying suchsystems.     

Negotiation Systems and Studies

Group Decision and Negotiation -     

世贸组织谈判与利益分配——一种非对称进化博弈论分析

本文分析了经典博弈论与进化博弈论的主要区别,引述了分析多群体非对称博弈的复制动态方程,并以此为工具求得了在世贸组织谈判中,发达国家与发展中国家之间利益分配的进化博弈解:谈判结局出现有利于发达国家的利益分配状况要远远多于有利于发展中国家的状况,最终发达国家能得到谈判议题可能产生的贸易利益的绝大部分。在此基础上,本文进一步分析了这一结论对于发展中国家的政策意义。