降解石油复合微生物菌剂的筛选研究

从30个土样中筛选出3株高效原油降解菌株,它们为DCH-16,DCH-19和DCH-20,7天后降油率分别为75.6%,80.3%和73.2%。经鉴定,分别是脂肪酸芽孢杆菌属Alicycolobacillus,芽孢肠状杆菌属Sporomaculum和盐芽孢杆菌属Halobacillus。将此3株高效原油降解菌在原油培养基中进行复合实验,结果表明,在相同条件下复合菌降油效果优于单菌;菌株DCH-19与DCH-20复合的最佳原油降解条件为:接种量比1:1(总接种量为10%),pH值为7.5,底物浓度20mg.mL-1,温度35℃,原油降解时间为7天。将实验复筛所得部分降油菌用于胜华炼厂废水处理,效果最好的是菌DCH-19和DCH-20的复合,处理两天后降油率达到80.2%。表明复合菌株DCH-19和DCH-20有很强的适应能力。     

含盐石油开采废水的微生物分析

石油开采过程中产生的废水,处理方式已成为国内外研究的重要课题。一般来说微生物在适当的渗透压下生长良好,渗透压过高会导致微生物细胞因脱水过多而无法进行正常的代谢活动,过低则易因基质中缺乏必要的无机离子而影响细胞的存活。本实验以筛选、驯化能够高效降解高盐高有机物的石油开采废水的菌株和高效菌株特性分析为主要研究内容。本实验以模拟石油开采废水的高盐度、高有机物的特性配置的水样为研究基础,通过筛选、分离、富集,筛选出可以在高盐度、高有机物的环境下生存的三种菌株Z1、Z2、Z3。然后进一步将这三种菌株作为研究对象研究其生理生化性质等,选定可以高效处理有机物的两种菌株Z2、Z3。Z2、Z3适宜生长在pH8～9的普通培养基中,耐碱;两菌株适应在不同氯化盐中生长,可以耐受高渗透压的环境,CaCl2浓度高达7.2%时仍可较好的生长;可以耐受较大浓度的有机物10ml/L下仍可以生长,具有较短的停滞期,大约为3h左右。     

新疆额尔齐斯河流域冷水鱼肠道耐冷乳酸菌遗传分析及生理特征鉴定

目的:从新疆额尔齐斯河流域冷水鱼肠道中筛选耐冷乳酸菌,研究其遗传多样性,为低温保藏及其它技术研究提供优良菌株。方法:利用MRS、M17、LSA、ELLIKER、CQ五种培养基从8种冷水鱼肠道内分离筛选出耐冷菌株,鉴定菌株表型特征并对其理化性质进行测定。建立16S基因系统发育树探究菌株进化关系,在16S系统发育关系的基础上再进行rep PCR实验,使用引物为(GTG)5。结果:分离得到90株耐冷菌,最终确定有25株为耐低温乳酸菌,菌株的最适生长温度在28-32℃之间。系统发育分析结果表明:25株耐低温乳酸菌隶属于3个属,其中肠球属(Enterococcus)9株,乳杆属(Lactobacillus)15株,明串珠属(Leuconostoc)1株。结论:新疆额尔齐斯河流域冷水鱼肠道中分离的耐冷乳酸菌主要归为三个属,分离种属单一,需要进一步从冷水鱼肠道中大量分离采集菌株,继续探索研究其物种多样性和遗传多样性。     

亚硝酸诱变选育黄原胶高产菌株初探

文章研究亚硝酸的浓度、诱变时间与黄单胞菌致死率的关系,确定亚硝酸诱变的最佳浓度与处理时间分别为250 mmol/L、40 min。经诱变、筛选得到1株黄原胶高产突变株S-126菌株,其黄原胶产胶率为2.35 g/L,产胶率提高了9.3%。     

石油需求预测的人工神经网络模型

2007年中国经济高速增长推动了石油产量和消费量双双攀升。石油作为重要的战略物资,在国家安全与国民经济发展中占有举足轻重地位。自20世纪70年代石油危机以来,石油越来越多为世人关注。根据我国石油消费历史数据,对未来我国石油供需状况进行预测,采用BP神经网络预测方法,利用MATLAB软件的神经网络功能,建立合理的训练模型,进行数据测试和预测,最终得到2007～2011年石油需求预测结果,并对我国现阶段石油安全问题进行分析。     

我国石油加工行业上市公司竞争力实证研究

石油加工行业是我国的重点行业，在国民经济中具有举足轻重的地位。本文采用主成分分析法，分别从偿债能力、盈利能力、经营能力和成长能力等方面对我国10家石油加工类上市公司的13项财务指标进行了竞争力综合评价。讨论了上市公司财务系数评价的计算原理和方法，从而给出了对上市公司财务状况进行动态综合评价的一种简单、有效的方法。并把这种方法应用到石油加工及炼焦类上市公司的分析上，得到了比较满意的结果，从而为投资者作出投资判断提供了客观、合理的决策依据。并且发现了这类企业存在的一些问题，最后提出了相应的建议。     

新型技术在石油地质勘探中的应用

随着社会飞速的发展,社会生产与生活都需要大量的石油资源,致使我国石油气资源勘探工作的任务加重,因此,必须加强我国新型技术在石油地质勘探的应用,提升石油资源的开采率。文章以石油勘探现状为出发点,对新型技术在石油地质勘探中应用的意义进行了分析,并对新型技术在石油地质勘探中的应用进行了阐述。     

浅论石油工程造价阶段管理

随着全球经济的不断发展,石油资源的战略地位在各个国家的经济发展建设中得到进一步的提高,由于其含量稀缺,采取复杂,不可再生等决定了在石油开采过程中具有劳动量大,技术水平高,资金数额庞大的特点。因此,管理好石油工程项目中的造价问题是石油企业管理工作中非常重要的一个环节,对石油工程造价进行有效地管理和控制,能降低成本,提高工作质量,对工程造价的各个环节进行不断地分析和探讨,从而使整个工程造价体系得到完善。     

石油企业会计精细化管理研究与分析

石油不仅作为当今社会人类所需的重要资源之一，对推动国家经济发展也有着重要帮助和价值。石油的存在为我们的生活带来了很多便捷，随着社会的发展生活水平的提高，人们对石油的需求也随之加大，这变相刺激了石油企业的发展。为了促进石油企业取得进一步发展并保障未来发展的持续性和稳定性，加强成本控制与质量控制是是石油企业管理的核心工作。提高石油管理能力可以使企业竞争力得到保障，为此本文主要以石油企业会计精细化管理为主要对象，在全文中进行深入的研究与分析。     

N、Zn共掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙应用研究

以TiOSO4和ZnSO.47H2O为原料,NH3.H2O为沉淀剂,采用超声波-微波化学共沉淀法制备具有可见光催化活性的N、Zn共掺杂纳米TiO2纳米粉体,并用XRD、UV-VIS对其进行了表征。在可见光下,考察了N、Zn共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的光催化性能。通过正交试验得出降解甲基橙的最佳工艺条件,并在最佳条件下做验证实验得出在太阳光下照射6h,光催化剂重复使用4次后降解率仍可到达74.2%,有超声分散、搅拌的条件下降解甲基橙降解率达到98.2%。     

三氯化铝改性硅藻土处理水溶性印染废水

对以水溶性染料为主的废水,用三氯化铝改性的硅藻土进行了脱色和去除CODcr的实验研究结果表明,用三氯化铝改性的硅藻土投加量为0.8 g/L,控制pH在7.0～8.0范围内,搅拌转速在200～260r/min范围内,搅拌15 min沉淀90 min后,则色度和CODcr去除率分别达到98%和92%以上,出水色度和CODcr达到了《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287—92)一级排放标准。     

优势石油降解菌最佳生长与除油条件的研究

对从长庆油田石油污土壤中培养、驯化、筛选的优势菌种的除油和生长条件进行了研究,发现该菌种适合的pH值为7-8.5;所需营养物质氮、磷最佳比为4:1;适应最大石油污染浓度为2000mg/L。     

TiO_2纳米管的制备及其降解壬基酚性能的研究

采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管电极,用SEM等方法对光电极的表面形貌进行了表征。以罗丹明B为目标污染物确定最佳退火温度,制备的电极进行壬基酚降解实验,实验通过添加自然界中分布较广的SO42-、Cl-阴离子来观察对壬基酚降解效果的影响。结果表明在退火温度为550℃时罗丹明B的降解效果最好为67.31%。用TiO2纳米管电极降解壬基酚时,不添加阴离子条件下的对壬基酚的降解效率达到91.66%要高于添加Cl(-65.99%)、SO42-(65.73%)等离子时的降解效果     

WORLD OUTLOOK

Relative to what we expected following the collapse in the oil price, growth in the OECD economy was disappointing last year and, with activity still not registering a convincing pick-up, we have lowered our forecast for 1987–88. Previously we argued that the sharp drop in oil prices from around 27 a barrel in 1985 to an average of 15-16 last year represented a significant boost to real incomes in the oil-consuming countries. Notwithstanding the corresponding real income loss to the oil producers, we expected OECD demand to rise sharply in the course of last year, with clear benefits to output becoming apparent by the end of the year. In the event this analysis, though correct in outline, has apparently underestimated the negative elements - tighter fiscal policy, the failure of consumers in some countries to obtain the terms of trade gains from lower oil prices and/or currency appreciation, the offset to domestic demand from falling exports. Consequently, we now expect OECD output to rise by only 3 per cent p. a. over the next two years. The corollary of this is that inflation is also unlikely to record a marked increase and this enhances the prospect of sustained output growth in the medium term. The forecast combines steady output growth of around 3 per cent p. a. with inflation stable in the 3–4 per cent range.     

广西桂枝桂叶挥发油化学成分分析

采用1102型气相色谱仪、RID检测器、BP×5化学结合相熔凝硅石毛细管柱(30m×0.32mm×0.25μm),色谱条件为色谱柱初温90℃终温215℃,载气流速为45ml/min,分流比为50∶1,分析了水蒸汽蒸馏法提取的肉桂枝、肉桂叶挥发油的化学组成。所得结果与标准谱图相符:共检出肉桂枝、肉桂叶挥发油22个组分,且均以反式肉桂醛为主要成分。该实验为中小桂油企业提供了成本低且快捷的分析方法。     

POST-BUDGET ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF OIL PRICE CHANGES

In this Forecast Release we update our February forecast to take account of the Budget and other new information, particularly about oil prices and the exchange rate. This updated forecast is then used as the basis for a set of three simulations in which we explore the consequences of lower oil prices, a fall in the exchange rate and a tightening of fical and monetary policy. The main conclusions are first that the Budget (the contentr of which we broadly anticipated) has not significantly changed our assessment of the short-term prospects for output and inflation. However, a detailed examination of the Government's revenue and expenditure estimates suggests that fiscal policy in 1983-4, though broadly in line with the Medium-Term Financial Strategy, has been loosened compared with 1982-3 by rather more than appears from the PSBR projections. We ako believe that there is a risk that the PSBR will be significantly higher than officially forecast in 1983-4.
Our simulations show the size of the PSBR overshoot in the event of a further sharp fall in the oil price. I f this were accompanied by a fall in the exchange rate, inflation would quickly be back in double figures. Whether the exchange rate falls or not a lower oil price gives significant output gains. However, if the authorities reacted by tightening fiscal and monetary policy, inflation would be broadly the same as in the Post Budget forecast, but there would still be output gains from the lower oil price.     

固原市原州区彭堡村节水工程建设的必要性和可行性

项目区自然条件好,水土资源丰富,工程施工条件良好,投资少,见效快,节水效益显著,工程建成后不但灌溉保证率达到75%,灌溉定额由现在300m3/亩降低到188m3/亩,而且具有显著的经济和社会效益。     

The baby boom,the baby bust,and the housing market

This paper explores the impact of demographic changes on the housing market in the US, 1st by reviewing the facts about the Baby Boom, 2nd by linking age and housing demand using census data for 1970 and 1980, 3rd by computing the effect of demand on price of housing and on the quantity of residential capital, and last by constructing a theoretical model to plot the predictability of the jump in demand caused by the Baby Boom. The Baby Boom in the U.S. lasted from 1946-1964, with a peak in 1957 when 4.3 million babies were born. In 1980 19.7% of the population were aged 20-30, compared to 13.3% in 1960. Demand for housing was modeled for a given household from census data, resulting in the finding that demand rises sharply at age 20-30, then declines after age 40 by 1% per year. Thus between 1970 and 1980 the real value of housing for an adult at any given age jumped 50%, while the real disposable personal income per capita rose 22%. The structure of demand is such that the swelling in the rate of growth in housing demand peaked in 1980, with a rate of 1.66% per year. Housing demand and real price of housing were highly correlated and inelastic. If this relationship holds in the future, the real price of housing should fall about 3% per year, or 47% by 2007. The theoretical model, a variation of the Poterba model, ignoring inflation and taxation, suggests that fluctuations in prices caused by changes in demand are not foreseen by the market, even though they are predictable in principle 20 years in advance. As the effects of falling housing prices become apparent, there may be a potential for economic instability, but people may be induced to save more because their homes will no longer provide the funds for retirement.     

The London Business School with Gower Publishing

Output has stagnated in the main industrialised countries this year but we expect the benefits of lower oil prices to show up in rapid growth from now on. The present weakness in the world economy stems from tighter US fiscal policy and the oil price shock itself. These have combined to reduce domestic demand in the United States, and hence to cut the market for Japanese exports in particular, and also to reduce expenditure by energydependent countries and companies. A further factor is that, with prices of oil-based products falling, there is an incentive to delay expenditure. We expect this impact effect of OPEC III to be short-lived and to give way to its positive effects in the second half of this year. Specifically, we expect consumer spending to lead the recovery as real incomes will be boosted by the terms of trade gain from lower oil prices - equivalent to 3 per cent of GNP in the OECD area as a whole. On the basis of oil prices holding at $15. we forecast OECD output growth of 3 per cent this year, rising to 41/2 per cent in 1987. Additionally, we expect lower oil prices to produce a significant reduction in world inflation. Zero growth of producer prices is forecast on average this year arid consumer price inflation is expected to fall to wards 2 per cent in the course of the year.     

Oil price shocks and credit spread: Structural effect and dynamic spillover

This study analyzes the heterogeneous response of U.S. credit spread to global oil price shocks by building an extended structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR), which can distinguish among the U.S. and non-US oil supply shocks, aggregated demand shocks and oil market-specific demand shocks behind the real oil prices. Meanwhile, a spillover index model developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) (hereafter D.Y. (2012)) is used to estimate the link between oil price shocks and the U.S. credit spread over time. The results show that (i) the credit spread does not respond to global oil supply shocks and non-US oil supply shocks, but has a negative reaction to the U.S. oil supply shocks, aggregate demand shocks, and oil-market-specific demand shocks. (ii) There exists a close connectedness between oil price shocks and the U.S. credit spread, and the link fluctuates cyclically and relates to the economic cycle and the U.S. shale oil revolution. (iii) The spillover from different oil price shocks to the U.S. credit spread shows significant heterogeneity over time. Our findings suggest that policymakers and investors can better track the U.S. credit spread changes using oil price information.