深化国有资产管理体制改革的取向分析

根据现代产权理论分析，无论产权的最终归属是谁，只要产权界定清晰，就是有效率的产权制度安排。而我国国有产权制度安排缺乏效率的主要症结正好在于国有产权界定不明晰，这说明国有资产管理体制存在弊端。为此，须加快国有产权制度创新，深化国有资产管理体制改革。     

完善国资运营系统利益机制

当前我国国有资产运营管理系统中存在的一个根本性问题是,在政府国有资产管理部门、国资授权经营公司等重要环节上,均缺乏有效的产权激励与约束;缺乏个人利益同国有产权利益密切结合的有效机制.改革和完善的基本思路与办法是模拟私人产权利益机制,让国有资产的各级经营监管者分享部分经济剩余,从而借以构筑和完善国资运营系统"三环节一体"的自上而下的激励约束机制.     

国有商业银行公司治理的焦点与思路

善公司治理,规范所有者、经营者及其他利益相关者的责权利分配关系是推动我国国有商业银行管理创新的核心内容。考虑到国有商业银行公司治理的特殊性,认真研究产权改革与经营绩效、国有产权经营方式、银行会计标准与信息披露等焦点问题,通过规范的股份制改革构建明晰的产权管理关系,健全公司治理机制,强化信息披露及市场约束,已成为完善国有商业银行公司治理的必然选择。我国商业银行公司治理的焦点问题1.产权改革与经营绩效问题产权特性是近年来专家学者在公司治理问题上激烈争论的焦点之一,普遍性的观点是,股东对金融资产的控制权应该与剩…     

我国券商治理风险及对策

我国证券公司经营户中存在多种委托-代理关系。在现行的治理框架下，股东相容性风险、股东-经营层代理风险和客户-经营层代理风险均居高不下，使得治理风险成为我国券行业的最大风险。以国有产权为主导的产权结构和激励不相容的外部治理机制是滋生治理风险的源头，也是解决问题的切入点。     

从股权结构到股东关系

近80年来,国内外学者围绕股权结构问题开展了广泛且颇具影响力的研究。其中,对股权结构定性或定量的测度是所有研究开展的基础。本文系统总结了股权结构相关研究的内容、技术路线及对股权结构的刻画方式。分析表明,仅从产权维度和垂直方向认识股权结构及代理问题存在明显的局限和偏差。为此,本文从横向网络以及股东之间多种形式的契约出发,考察股东关系对公司产权分布体系的影响。在股东关系的框架下,我们重构了公司股东的产权、利益和势力结构,并用一套较详细且操作性较强的指标体系对股东关系进行了刻画。本文提出的"关系基础"的股权结构将为深化与拓展股权结构、公司治理和投资者保护等研究提供有益的帮助。     

社会中介机构在国有产权交易中作用浅析

社会中介机构在国有产权转让活动中不仅为交易主体提供法律咨询、财务审计、价值评估、交易转让等方面的服务,还执行部分社会监督职能,对规范我国产权市场发展,促进国有产权顺畅流转、有效整合资源,实现国有资产保值增值具有重要的推动作用.本文分析了社会中介机构在国有产权交易中所发挥的作用以及存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决思路,以期为产权市场规范运作提供依据.     

社会中介机构在国有产权交易中作用浅析

社会中介机构在国有产权转让活动中不仅为交易主体提供法律咨询、财务审计、价值评估、交易转让等方面的服务,还执行部分社会监督职能,对规范我国产权市场发展,促进国有产权顺畅流转、有效整合资源,实现国有资产保值增值具有重要的推动作用。本文分析了社会中介机构在国有产权交易中所发挥的作用以及存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决思路,以期为产权市场规范运作提供依据。     

关于强化国有资产管理的几点意见

一、界定产权、强化国有资产管理是深化改革的关键十五年来,经济体制改革中一个突出的问题是国有资产流失严重,而且无论采取什么经营方式改革这一问题都有增无已,甚至一些新的经营方式也成为分解国有资产的一种手段。产生这一问题的根源在于国有企业产权界定不明确,产权关系不顺,而这一点又反过来成为企业经营机制转换的主要障碍。目前界定产权、理顺关系,强化国有资产管理已成为进一步     

关于我国国有资产管理的几点建议

配合国有企业在规模和布局上有进有退的战略性调整，将国有资产管理的重点由资产经营管理转向资本管理，促进国有资本的重组流动和盘活，将国有资本集中配置到关系国民经济命脉和国家安全的基础产业、支柱产业、先导产业和自然垄断行业中的重要骨干企业，增强国有企业对国民经济的控制力，在实现国有资产保值、增值的同时，促进先进生产力的发展。促进国有企业制度创新，建立产权明晰、权责分明、政企分开、管理科学的现代企业制度，实行出资人（国家）所有权与企业法人财产权的分离，财政从企业的微观财务活动中退出来，转有资产的宏观调控，主要是加强国有资本金管理，建立国有资产产权代表制度，完善国家所有权治理结构，解决国有产权缺位的问题，同时健全企业法人治理结构，从根本上转换国有企业的经营机制，使之真正成为自负盈亏的法人实体和市场竞争主体，提高其整体素质，从而进一步解放国有企业的生产力。     

基于决策、执行、监督分离治理模式下的企业内部审计地位探讨

公司治理是依据企业产权关系建立起的一种权力制衡结构。我国的公司治理主要有以监事会为核心和以董事会(独立董事)为核心的两种结构模式。在公司治理中,内部审计与企业投资人及其他利益关系人不存在直接的委托与受托关系,其本身并不能单独成为一个合格的治理要素。内部审计与总经理为代表的经营管理系统是一种功能"抵消"和"消溶"的关系,与以董事会为代表的决策系统则是一种功能"排斥"关系,而与监事会或审计委员会位代表的监督系统却是一种功能"互补"和"融合"的关系。因此,内部审计只有依附于监督系统而成为监督支持系统和监督信息系统,才能成为一个合格的治理要素。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.