Piecemeal Multilateral Environmental Policy Reforms under Asymmetric Oligopoly

We develop a general two‐country model with oligopolistic interdependence in which a fixed number of firms make their output and emission decisions simultaneously. We examine the effect of multilateral reforms of emission taxes on global emission levels. With sufficient asymmetry in pollution intensities between the two countries, a proportional multilateral increase in emission tax rates can increase global emission levels. However, a multilateral equal increase of emission tax rates unambiguously reduces global emission levels. We also consider the case of free entry and exit of firms, and find a rule of multilateral reforms which unambiguously lowers total emission levels.     

Capital and Consumption Tax Reforms in a Small Open Economy

The effects of a reform in capital and consumption taxes on private welfare and government tax revenue are examined for a small open, capital‐importing economy. A trade‐off between private welfare and tax revenue is encountered in maximizing social welfare. Nonetheless, lowering capital taxes and raising consumption taxes can increase both private welfare and tax revenue if the initial tax rates are not optimal. In addition, a tax reform by this fashion is a likely response to a rise in the foreign rate of return on capital.     

转型经济中的金融管制

本文首先分析了转型经济的基本特点和对于我国金融管制的影响,求解金融管制的一般模型.同时进一步研究了在转型经济的制度变迁背景下,金融管制模型的变量必然发生了相应的改变,会导致金融管制求解的不同,最后根据模型求解,提出了我国应该建立更有效更符合转型经济规律的金融管制.     

Russia's Tax Crisis: Explaining Falling Revenues in a Transitional Economy

Market reforms in Russia have been threatened in recent years by a continuing, dramatic decline in tax revenues. This article analyzes the fiscal data in search of an explanation. While part of the drop in collections can be attributed to rate changes and transitional macroeconomic dislocation, a sizable residual reflects a progressively worsening tax administration. This, in turn, is traced to perverse incentives in the system by which tax revenues are shared between central, regional, and local governments in Russia's evolving federal system. As in other contexts, divided property rights reduce owners' motivation to invest in a jointly-owned asset.     

我国转型经济中的政府制度创新

我国社会制度变迁的基本内容表现为从计划经济向市场经济的转变。计划经济实质上是一个政府垄断和管制的经济,要向市场经济转变就是要解除政府对社会经济生活的垄断和管制,这在很大程度上是一个政府自我革命的过程,其中政府政策的调整,职能的转变和行为选择,是建立市场经济的关键。因此,要深化市场经济关键不是继续推行体制外改革而是要改革政府本身,进行政府制度创新,实现制度治国。     

The Political Economy of Economic Reforms in Argentina

In 1989, Argentina entered a process of sweeping transformation of its economic institutions which provided for the (temporary) recovery of economic growth and the taming of inflation. The Argentine experience with market-oriented reforms has been regarded by the literature as a salient case of radical and 'unconstrained' reform. Yet, a closer scrutiny portrays that the building and maintenance of a pro-"reform coalition determined the pace, depth and characteristics of the 'new economic institutions'. The idiosyncrasies of Argentina's political institutions, in turn, conditioned this coalition-building strategy. The same idiosyncrasies were at play in the 2001/2002 collapse of the convertibility regime and ensuing social and political chaos.     

转轨经济中的政府行为研究——以商洛小额信贷扶贫模式变迁为例的分析

本文对成功的商洛小额信贷扶贫模式的变迁进行了案例分析,在此基础上,有异于国家主导论、亲善市场论和市场增进论的观点,提出了转轨经济中基于约束条件的政府行为的相机决定论,给出了政府介入的方式、退出的条件以及外生的政府行为内生化的路径。     

社会转型期市场经济信用的矛盾分析

加入WTO之后 ,信用尤其是信用体系的建立成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。当前 ,在我国建立市场经济信用体系的过程中 ,存在着小生产信用观与市场经济信用观、计划经济信用观与市场经济信用观、国内经济信用与国际经济信用之间的矛盾。克服这些矛盾 ,使之成为我们前进的动力 ,需要我们强化信用意识 ,把信用意识作为社会主义市场经济伦理建设的重要内容 ;加强法制建设 ,以法律手段维护社会信用 ;认真克服地方保护主义和各种腐败现象 ;尽快建立个人信用制度和信用体系 ,促进我国市场经济制度和环境的进一步发展和完善。     

公司治理结构：转轨经济改革的教训

到目前为止,关于公司治理结构的绝大多数理论工作都集中在发达市场经济。在后社会主义国家,研究公司财务与制度经济学的学者所做的只是把被普遍接受的传统理论传递给转轨经济的决策者。最近召开……     

The Political Economy of India's Economic Reforms*

This paper analyzes the history of the relationship between the state and the private sector in India. It concludes that India's economic reforms, which made development policy more dependent on international trade and private initiative, depended on the evolution of technocratic and political conviction. Reformers needed the support of financial crises for overcoming the powerful vested interests opposed to reforms. Successful reforms involved largely homegrown strategies of policy and institutional change. They have produced impressive growth rates and have benefited the rich and the middle class. The challenge for development and sustainable reforms is to make it more inclusive for poor farmers and unorganized workers.     

Industry Attractiveness, Firm Competence, and International Investment Performance in a Transitional Economy

Building upon the theoretical foundations provided by the international economics and industrial economics literature, this study examines the multivariate and univariate effects of industry structure attributes and firm competence components on the performance of foreign-funded enterprises operating in a transitional economy (People's Republic of China). It is found that industry attractiveness and firm competence are both critical to international investment performance. It is also observed that different industry and firm-level variables influence differentially the various dimensions of performance.     

经济转轨时期投资需求的规模与效率

改革以来我国投资需求的实际变动过程与“钱纳里标准结构”相比，显示出很大的差异性，突出表现为投资率显偏高、投资规模过大。这种被人为拉大的投资需求的结果表现为低效率的投资形成过程。即存货增加在GDP中的比重过高、投资对经济增长的贡献质量不高。本从分析我国投资需求规模大而效率低的现象入手，指出低效率的政府投资需求过度是造成以上局面的主要原因，进而探讨了政府投资规模和范围调整的必要性。     

转轨经济中自然垄断产业的竞争与所有制研究

竞争与所有制改革是目前自然垄断产业规制改革的主要趋势.但原有的理论和经验都是针对发达国家而言,对于转轨国家如何协调经济转轨与自然垄断产业改革却没有现成的理论与经验.因此,本文关注转轨国家自然垄断产业引入竞争可能性以及所有制改革模式的选择.研究发现:考虑管理成本,转轨国家自然垄断产业引入竞争是可能的;改革进程取决于转轨国家市场发育程度以及改革的初始条件;混合所有制的企业竞争模式更适合于转轨国家自然垄断产业的改革.     

Economic Reforms,Social Policy,and the Family Economy in Chile

Chile's long tradition of welfare programs included “generous” benefits for many working women. The social security system, however, perpetuated significant forms of gender and class inequality. In the 1970s and 1980s, poverty was greatly increased by sweeping market reforms. The military government responded to the high social costs with a minimal safety net which targeted expectant mothers, small children and the extremely poor, but was inadequate for most of the population. After the return of democracy, income distribution has improved in the 1990s. Yet, much needs to be done to promote family well-being through effective and participatory social policies.     

从计划经济向市场经济转轨的角度审视教育会计

随着市场经济的建立和发展,教育体制改革的深化,我国现行的事业单位会计制度已不能适应教育管理体制改革带来的新局面,客观上迫切需要建立能够适应本行业变化特点的教育会计。通过分析建立教育会计的必要性、教育会计的特点,从制订教育会计制度、作出教育成本核算、采用权责发生制等方面,提出建立教育会计的新思路。     

转型经济中声誉机制有效性研究——来自中国审计市场的证据

声誉机制是维系市场经济有序运作最为基础的机制之一。文章以审计市场作为切入点系统检验了声誉机制在中国市场的有效性。研究发现,声誉受损之后注册会计师显著提高了其审计质量,市场也作出了恰当的反应,即审计质量改善的注册会计师其客户流失率明显较低、而审计收费明显较高。职业声誉的约束作用在中国再次得到验证,这进一步说明了独立审计职业声誉机制在新兴市场依然具有治理价值。     

人民币汇率改革与我国经济发展战略

人民币汇率真正回归到有管理的浮动是我国深化市场经济体系改革，提升市场要素效率的重要战略举措。本文就如何逐步完善汇率机制市场化等问题进行分析，并提出了改革的政策建议。