Location determinants of food manufacturers in the United States, 2000–2004: are nonmetropolitan counties competitive?

Infrastructure, agglomeration, product and input markets, fiscal attributes, and labor markets of local communities influenced food manufacturing location decisions in the lower 48 United States, 2000–2004. Negative binomial regression and spatial clustering methods forecast food processor location patterns at the county level. Noncore counties are at a comparative disadvantage with respect to attracting most food processors, but nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to urban areas may be attractive investment sites for footloose, supply, and demand-oriented food manufacturers.     

浙江林业产业建设30年回顾与经验总结

根据统计年鉴数据进行回顾总结的结果表明:改革开放30年来,浙江林业产业经历了产业化阶段和战略转型阶段的历程,浙江林业产业发展具有产业结构日趋合理、科技支撑能力明显提高、林产品国际贸易快速增长、产业集群区域特色明显的特征,竹木加工产业、森林旅游产业、花卉苗木产业、森林食品产业是浙江省具有特色优势的林业产业,浙江促进浙江林业产业发展的原因可以归结为3个:政府采取的政策、中介组织的作用、企业采取的措施。     

中国粮食生产布局与结构区域演变分析

该文分析了我国粮食生产区域布局优化趋势与粮食生产区域结构演变的特点,提出了农作物结构调整需要保证稳定粮食发展、粮食结构调整需要兼顾品种和区域平衡、粮食生产布局需要物流加工产业配套及粮食产业布局要注意水土资源的节约等粮食布局与结构优化相应的对策建议。     

森林食品产业减贫的作用机理及效应分析

首先,介绍森林食品产业减贫的作用机理,主要包括解决资源落后与发展滞后的矛盾;促进贫困地区收入增长;注重多方交流互动。其次,将森林食品产业的减贫效应分为社会减贫效应、经济减贫效应、生态减贫效应这3个部分。最后,提出加强基础设施建设与品牌宣传;增加产业联动效应;持续带动地区增收等建议,以期为政府相关部门制定政策提供决策依据。     

中国农产品加工业的区域布局与产业集聚

优化农产品加工业区域布局,对于推动农产品加工业转型升级,促进地区经济增长具有十分重要的意义。文章以国民经济行业分类为基础,按照农产品原料的类型将农产品加工业进行重新归类,对农产品加工业及其子行业在东、中、西及东北的分布,以及在优势农产品区域的分布进行了研究;此外,使用集中度、空间基尼指数、赫芬达尔指数、EG指数等方法,该文对农产品加工业及其子行业的产业集聚程度进行了定量测算。分析结果表明,近10年来中西部地区农产品加工业发展加快,占全国的比例明显上升,农产品加工业"东强西弱"的区域分布格局发生了较为显著地改变;果蔬、肉类、水产品等生鲜农产品以及糖料、茶叶和乳类等特色农产品加工业在优势农产品区域呈现集聚态势,而粮食、油料等大宗农产品加工以及棉麻、木材、烟叶等非食用农产品加工分布较为分散,向产地集中的趋势不明显;农产品加工业总体集聚程度较低,但糖料加工、茶叶加工、蛋品加工、水产品加工、棉麻加工、橡胶制品产业集聚度较高。     

Size and industry effects in the performance of agricultural cooperatives

The objective of this study is to determine if there are important size and industry effects on financial performance of agricultural cooperatives. The performance of 43 dairy, food, grain, and farm supply cooperatives in the U.S. was analyzed over the period 1970-1987 using financial ratios derived from accounting data. The analysis revealed significant size and industry effects. Large regional cooperatives are more efficient in utilizing their assets to generate sales, while small regional cooperatives have higher profitability. The findings suggest that the emphasis on growth may not always produce beneficial results among agricultural cooperatives. Among the four industries studied, the dairy regional cooperatives appear to be the strongest performers, while the food marketing cooperatives are characterized by the lowest performance measures. Since both dairy and food cooperatives engage in value-added processing, this difference in performance makes it difficult to reach clear conclusions about possible advantages of disadvantages or vertical integration relative to traditional cooperative activities. Trend analysis indicates that the profitability of the agricultural cooperatives in all industry and size categories declined in response to the downturn in U.S. agriculture after 1980. While the decline in profitability was at similar rates for both large and small cooperatives, the variation of efficiency and leverage was in opposite directions. Large cooperatives may be expected to continue improving their asset utilization without relative improvement in profitability, and increasing the level of their debt in relation to equity.     

Effects of scale economies and production seasonality on optimal hub locations: the case of regional fresh produce aggregation

Interest in supporting local and regional food systems is rising and food hubs have attracted considerable attention among Federal, State, and local policymakers. This study explores the problem of endogenous hub location in fresh produce value chains in the Northeastern United States. To overcome limitations in the literature, we incorporate the effects of economies of scale and production seasonality into our models. Three experimental models are designed to examine the effects of alternatively applying yearly, quarterly, and monthly data on model solutions. We explicitly assess how interactions of scale economies and seasonality influence the structure and spatial attributes of an optimal regional produce aggregation hub system. The three models generate marketed different solutions and in many respects they lead to different conclusions about developing local/regional supply chains. The monthly model allows for production seasonality and actual hub operation cycle frequency and thus leads to more efficient hub solution with rich policy implications.     

内蒙古林业产业结构发展状况分析

利用动态偏离-份额分析法分析了内蒙古在1998~2012年间的林业经济增长状况及产业结构的演化趋势。研究结果表明:内蒙古林业整体发展速度较慢,而且林业第一产业在结构素质、区域竞争优势方面问题突出,影响着第一产业的发展。其中二、三产业结构素质好,但竞争力较弱。林业产业结构不合理是阻碍林业经济增长的重要因素,因此提出发展高质量的林业第一产业、推进第二产业向精深加工方向发展//整合当地资源发展旅游业等调整产业结构和提升竞争力方面的建议。     

固态发酵在食品加工中的应用

技术的革新给食品加工业带来了革新与升级,其中固态技术在食品加工业的发展中发挥了十分重要的作用。本文介绍了固态发酵的概念,论述了固态发酵在食品加工中的应用措施及益处。     

韩家园林业局产业结构调整研究

论述韩家园林业局产业结构的总体情况,根据主导产业选择基准,结合该地区的实际情况,确立林产品精深加工业、矿产开发业为该地区的主导产业,生态旅游、绿色食品开发作为该地区潜在的主导产业。并针对韩家园林业局产业结构存在的问题,提出了在新形势下林业局产业结构调整的思路和措施。     

长江经济带中三角地区农业结构的分析与优化对策

[目的]从宏观、中观和微观3个层面深入分析长江经济带中三角地区湖北、湖南和江西3省的农业产业结构及其各产业差异性和相对优势及其竞争力。[方法]在宏观层面运用了传统的基尼系数分析3个省份历史发展上的地区经济水平差异,判断3个地区经济发展是否存在虹吸效应;从中观层面运用区位熵指数分析法分析区域农业产业结构,从农畜林渔等方面判断各区域产业专业化水平程度;从微观层面运用偏离—份额分析法(SSM)分离出3个地区的各部门产业的优势及其竞争力。[结果]区域内的经济差异变化呈不断增大的趋势,基尼系数不断扩大;湖北的种植业、渔业和农林牧渔服务业,湖南的种植业、林业、畜牧业和农林牧渔服务业,江西的林业、渔业都较中三角地区对应的子产业的区位熵指数高;江西木材和竹加工业和烟草业具有较大的产业竞争优势,湖北的茶叶、水产和瓜果疏菜产业优势明显,湖南地区农业产业综合优势主要在于烟草、水果、肉类以及木材和竹类加工业。[结论]通过比较地区农业产业竞争优势,提出发展地区产业特色,合理布局全域农业产业,提高农产品附加收益,稳固对结构优化的资金支持等对策建议。     

Assessing the trade‐offs of increased mining activity in the Surat Basin,Queensland: preferences of Brisbane residents using nonmarket valuation techniques

The mining boom in Australia since 2003 has produced significant economic benefits for regional, State and National economies, creating new job opportunities and revenue flows. Despite the contribution of the resources sector to economic growth, questions are frequently raised about the concomitant negative social, economic and environmental impacts. The Surat Basin in southern Queensland is a traditional agricultural region with a small but growing coal mining sector and a rapidly developing liquefied natural gas industry (mainly associated with extracting coal seam gas). In this paper, the preferences of residents in Brisbane, the State capital, are explored in relation to the relative importance of social, economic and environmental impacts of the resource boom in the Surat Basin. A choice modelling experiment was conducted to assess the trade‐offs Brisbane residents would make (in monetary terms) between the economic benefits and the associated costs of increased mining activity on local communities. The results identify the strength of concerns about community and environmental impacts and can potentially be used to help evaluate the net benefits of resource development.     

苏北人造板工业企业竞争力研究

江苏苏北地区人造板工业发展迅速,对当地的经济建设和发展,起着不可替代的作用,人造板企业目前面临着如何进一步提高企业的竞争力问题,本文主要从苏北人造板工业现状分析入手,从总成本领先战略(overallcostleadership),标歧立异战略(differentiation),目标集聚战略(focus)选择三方面来讨论提高苏北人造板工业的竞争力。     

甘肃小杂粮生产演变特征、存在问题及对策建议

文章通过对甘肃省15年来粮食种植面积、产量、小杂粮种植面积、产量等多方数据调查,分析甘肃省小杂粮在种植面积、单产水平、粮食安全、区域优势、主产县区和种植规模等多个方面的演变特点。发现杂粮产业发展中存在的布局分散,产地市场效应不突出;良种扩繁体系缺乏,生产中良种供应短缺;适合产业化加工的专用型品种少,栽培技术粗放且不规范;加工型龙头企业数量少,产品精深开发程度低;产业扶持力度小,群众重视程度不高等方面的主要问题。提出甘肃杂粮种植规划建议和优化区域布局、强化品种扩繁体系扶持、加快选育和扩繁优质专用品种、加大龙头企业和市场培育力度、依靠科技提升产品附加值、强化优质高产栽培和精深加工技术研究与推广等若干促进产业持续发展的对策,对国内其他杂粮产区的发展具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

Cross-country Differences in Technology: The Case of the Food Processing Industry

In this study, cross-country differences in the food processing industry's technology are investigated. A value-added function is estimated using panel data comprising of 13 developed countries and the 1975–95 period. Evidence of nonconstant returns to scale and differences in technology across countries is statistically significant. The United States is the leader in terms of the level of total factor productivity followed by Japan, Germany, France and Canada in that order. The growth rates and levels of productivity are inversely related, and the speed of productivity convergence is 2.6% per year. In addition to impacting future growth and international trade analyses, the study has implications for competitiveness of the food processing industry.     

玉米论略

玉米是我国种植面积最大的粮食作物,是今后一个时期消费需求增长最快的粮食品种,同时也是未来满足我国粮食需求增长的主要粮食品种。玉米生产中存在的突出问题是生产稳定性差,受干旱影响较大,实用技术普及率和机械化水平低,种业发展水平低,但玉米生产发展的单产潜力大,扩大种植面积也有潜力。促进我国玉米产业发展要坚持立足国内实现基本自给,转变生产方式,优化区域布局,加大扶持力度,搞好加工业和进出口调控;大力推进良种研发应用,着力解决干旱问题,积极推进机械化,抓好主产区,减小产后损失,完善收储政策。     

Beef Credence Attributes: Implications of Substitution Effects on Consumers’ WTP

Consumers’ food choices are influenced by a wide variety of credence attributes, but the food industry faces problems assessing whether the price premiums that consumers are willing to pay for these attributes will be sufficient to offset higher production costs. In this context, consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for safer, cleaner and animal friendlier beef was investigated through a choice experiment. The relative importance of WTP for these attributes shows that consumers place the highest values on food safety, followed by animal welfare and finally environmental protection. WTP for different combinations of the three attributes cannot be obtained by independent valuation and summation due to the presence of significant substitution relationships. However, some suggestions for the relationships between these attributes can be proposed through an after‐survey analytical solution. The bias involved in separately valuing closely related attributes can potentially jeopardise the success of a differentiation strategy.     

山东省木材加工产业集群与区域经济增长实证研究

选取山东省木材加工产业1999～2008年有关数据,对山东省木材加工产业集群与经济增长之间的关系进行实证研究。结果表明:木材加工产业集群规模的增加会带动山东经济增长,而经济增长又会导致集群规模进一步扩大;进一步的研究证明,区域经济增长对木材加工产业集群的推动力要大于集群对经济增长的贡献。总体而言,二者存在双向互动关系且集群对经济增长的贡献有待提高。     

Finding default? Understanding the drivers of default on contracts with farmers’ organizations under the World Food Programme Purchase for progress pilot

During the past two decades, food assistance policy has shifted toward local or regional food purchases and away from purchases from donor countries. Although most local and regional procurement occurs through hard tendering processes open to large‐scale firms and farms, there is growing interest in identifying how and whether to procure from smallholder farmer organizations (FOs). To date, little is known about the drivers of successful contracting with FOs. We utilize data from the United Nations World Food Programme Purchase for Progress pilot in three East African countries to predict defaults on contracts. We examine four possible explanations: country contexts, FO characteristics, prior experience with contracts, and contract modalities and their relationship to local spot market prices. The single most important predictor of default is the increase in market prices between contract approval and delivery. Yet, although increases in market prices are linked to increases in default, this relationship is decreasing in contract size, indicating search costs associated with breaking contracts. Our findings yield both generalizable and context‐specific insights about whether—and when—procuring from smallholder farmers can be successfully integrated into the food assistance toolkit.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Absorptive Capacity and Regional Innovation Capabilities: Evidence from China

Innovation has widely been regarded as one of the main drivers of economic growth in the knowledge economy. This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the development of regional innovation capabilities using a panel data set from China. It finds that FDI has a significant positive impact on the overall regional innovation capacity. FDI intensity is also positively associated with innovation efficiency in the host region. The strength of this positive effect depends, however, on the availability of the absorptive capacity and the presence of innovation-complementary assets in the host region. The increased regional innovation and technological capabilities have contributed further to regional economic growth in China's coastal regions but not in the inland regions. It concludes that the type and quality of FDI inflows and the strength of local absorptive capacity and complementary assets in the host regions are crucial for FDI to serve as a driver of knowledge-based development. Policy implications are discussed.