探析新所得税法下的企业纳税筹划

一、新旧所得税法的差别分析 l所得税纳税人的认定标准。目前,大多数国家在对个人以外的组织征所得税时,—般都是以法人作为纳税主体。在旧税法下,内资企业所得税的纳税主体是独立核算单位,外资企业的纳税主体是法人。新税法以是否具有法人资格作为企业所得税纳税人的认定标准,     

制订物权法应关注的四个问题

市场经济是法制经济，市场经济环境下各种主体的财产关系须得由民事财产法律来加以规范调整。一般而言，民事财产法律包含两大块，即调整财产流转关系的债权法和静态财产归属关系的物权法。我国目前已有了一部较具代表性的债权法即统一的《合同法》，但却没有一部统一的《物权法》。     

保护私人财产有利于完善我国基本经济制度

我国现行法律中规定了对公有财产的保护,而对私人财产的保护却一直没有明确的规定。这对民营经济的发展十分不利,以至于不少私人投资者总是担心自己的财产缺乏保障,因而不敢增加投资,扩大规模,甚至出现了“见好就收”或将资本向国外转移等情况。十六大报告提出“完善保护私人财产的法律制度”,这将促进民营经济的发展,并在调动私人投资的积极性方面起到重要     

法人所得税制下企业汇总纳税管理和税收横向分配问题研究

2007年3月16日,十届全国人大会五次会议通过了《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称新企业所得税法)。新企业所得税法的亮点之一,就是在纳税主体的问题上不再强调以独立核算作为判定条件,而是实行法人所得税制。在立法例上,新企业所得税法并没有直接明确法人所得税制这一概     

刍议新《企业所得税法》的变化

新《企业所得税法》统一了内、外资企业所得税制度,促进了统一、规范、公平竞争的市场环境的建立。与此同时,新企业所得税法还进行了一系列的调整。纳税人类型划分,适度降低了税率,扩大了税前费用扣除,降低了税收负担、调整产业结构和实现区域均衡发展。新《企业所得税法》标志着我国1993年以来内外资企业分别适用两套所得税制度的局面的终结,对我国建立和谐的税收征管新秩序将产生重要的影响。笔者试从新《企业所得税法》与原企业所得税制度之比较入手对新法的意义作粗浅解析,与大家共同探讨新法对修订的内容及对实务方面的影响和意义。     

德国民法典评述

民法是调整人身关系和财产关系的法律规范的总和。民法典的价值在于它的原则和精神，这种精神源自于民法本身追求的目标--社会自治。这种精神在《法国民法典》中以公私权分立、人格平等、个人主权、自由契约和个人责任加以体现。《德国民法典》虽然也是以这些原则为基础的，但由于两大民族的不同而导致其法典文风差异。《德国民法典》追求的是法律上的完美，而不是直接应用和服务于市民生活的需要。其在内容上对我国民法产生了极大的影响。     

企业所得税反避税规定完善之建议

避税是纳税人通过民法的意思自治，使本应纳税的纳税义务没有发生的行为。它的手段是合法的，但它其实不符合税法的实质课税原则，也损害了国家的财政收入。在原来的反避税规定基础上，统一企业所得税法进一步加强对其的控制和防范，并且有接近国外反避税规定的趋势。本文先对避税与反避税作基本的了解，介绍国外及国际上的实践，据此探讨我国的现行规定。最后对统一企业所得税法的规定进行简单论证，并提出笔者的几点完善建议!     

浅谈对民法典制定的认识和建议

民法,作为调整平等主体之间的财产关系与人身关系的法律,在各国法律体系中都占据着重要地位,关乎人们的日用常行.民法典是一国生活方式的总结和反映,代表着一个民族的文化高度,从一个侧面展现了一国的物质文明和精神文明.当前中国的民法典正在制定中,民法的法典化可以使民法体系化,有效地解决单行民事和经济法律、法规彼此间的冲突和不协调的问题.当然制定过程中也出现了这样或那样的问题和争论,在此提出了几点自己的建议,如:对于法典制定的时间不宜过长也不可仓促进行;形式上的问题也不应该过于纠结,应该把更多的精力放在实体权利的制定和完善方面.     

《民法学教程》学习辅导

民法是一国法律体系中地位仅次于宪法的最重要的部门法，是调整市场经济的最基本的法律规则。作为规范市场经济的基本法，民法规定直接反映和调整商品生产和交换的基本法律制度。其主要内容包括：民事主体制度、物权制度、债和合同制度、知识产权制度、人身权制度和继承权制度等，这些也是本书的主要内容。     

《民法学教程》学习辅导

民法是一国法律体系中地位仅次于宪法的最重要的部门法，是调整市场经济的最基本的法律规则。作为规范市场经济的基本法，民法规定直接反映和调整商品生产和交换的基本法律制度。其主要内容包括：民事主体制度、物权制度、债和合同制度、知识产权制度、人身权制度和继承权制度等，这些也是本书的主要内容。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.