企业独占性与其市场议价能力间关系的实证研究——以浙江省工业企业为例

通过对浙江省工业企业的调查问卷进行统计分析,讨论了企业独占性的三种表现形式——市场独占性、品牌独占性和技术独占性。采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法,对不同独占性下企业的议价能力进行研究。结果表明:企业独占性对其议价能力有显著的正向影响,提高独占性是提升企业议价能力的有力手段,其中市场独占性对企业议价能力的影响最大,其次是品牌独占性和技术独占性。     

论服务创新对我国实施自主创新战略的推动作用

服务业在当前各国的GDP产出和就业中扮演重要的角色，服务创新成为推动服务业和制造业发展的强大动力。服务创新主要体现在组织和制度方面，对以现代制造业技术创新为主的自主创新起重要的支持和推动作用。随着制造业和服务业相互融合程度的加深，这种作用日益明显。但当前我国服务业发展滞后的现状阻碍了服务创新，因而需要在加快服务业发展，改革创新体制、培养创新人才等方面采取措施，促进自主创新战略的实现。     

不完全合同、创新与联合投资

本文结合美国硅谷的实际情况,基于不完全合同理论从联合投资和创新激励二者之间的关系展开研究.通过建立两期模型研究认为,合同不完全正是导致创业资本家发生窃取行为的客观原因.这种情况下,企业家和创业资本家双方的努力投入是不足的;而通过联合投资可以使得投资双方的努力投入达到最优,并给出了最优的联合投资规模.     

声誉机制、第三方契约服务与平台繁荣

电子商务市场是典型的双边市场.双边市场理论认为,卖家、买家和提供交易平台的企业共同构成了三位一体的商业生态系统。卖家和买家群体持续扩充,平台企业利润不断提升,以及实现平台繁荣是电子商务生态系统的发展目标,但信息不对称带来的信任问题却是阻碍这一目标实现的关键。在法律制度和信用体系等公共秩序缺失背景下,声誉机制作为一种自发的私人契约,一定条件下保证了卖方承诺、买方集体惩罚可置信,形成的子博弈精炼纳什均衡能保证平台繁荣实现。专用性投资缺乏,信用评价存在噪音,声誉机制效果减弱,将会使声誉机制作用的发挥受到抑制。而第三方契约服务作为有组织的私人契约,能形成直接的管制,较好地弥补声誉机制不足。结合理论分析结果,进一步提出了实现网上交易信息开放和共享的政策机制。     

Services as drivers of economic growth. Is there an opportunity for Latin America countries?

ABSTRACT

Considering the recent improvements in services innovation and productivity performance, the aim of the article is to analyze if they can act as a new growth driver for Latin American countries. For that, we review the literature on services and structural change in two stages. First, we apply a bibliometric methodology to identify the main trends in literature. Second, we analyze in-depth a smaller set of papers in order to extract the main lessons regarding three aspects of our question: (i) services and productivity growth, (ii) new opportunities for innovation in services and (iii) relation between services and manufacturing through servitization process. The results show that productivity and innovation growth in services are concentrated in only a few branches. Besides this, services performance depends on their links with manufacturing activities. We conclude that the current Latin American servitization process clausure opportunities for developing instead of opening them.     

创新方法——才智创造财富——比利时创新服务公司科睿科思公司一瞥

比利时科睿科思公司(Creax NV)是一个充分利用已有知识资源,致力于将创新潜力转化为创新实力的研究机构.它以TRIZ理论为基础,结合其他创新方法,开发出其独特的系统创新服务体系,并以委托项目、人员培训以及开发软件等方式提供创新方法服务.该机构的成功发展经验值得其他创新服务机构参考和借鉴.     

证券监管者声誉和承销商声誉的关联性研究

作者通过构建不对称信息结构下的两阶段博弈模型,应用Bayes法则对证券监管者声誉和承销商声誉的动态化以及二者声誉变动的关联性进行了研究。模型结论显示,监管者对承销商的违规或错误评估行为的“宽容”以及任何“下不为例”的监管思维不仅会加剧自身声誉的下降,而且会导致承销商评估失误概率的上升和承销商声誉的下降,表明监管者声誉和承销商声誉具有一损俱损的关联性。     

转型经济中声誉机制有效性研究——来自中国审计市场的证据

声誉机制是维系市场经济有序运作最为基础的机制之一。文章以审计市场作为切入点系统检验了声誉机制在中国市场的有效性。研究发现,声誉受损之后注册会计师显著提高了其审计质量,市场也作出了恰当的反应,即审计质量改善的注册会计师其客户流失率明显较低、而审计收费明显较高。职业声誉的约束作用在中国再次得到验证,这进一步说明了独立审计职业声誉机制在新兴市场依然具有治理价值。     

知识服务业的创新研究

知识经济时代,创新成为经济成长的动力,知识密集型服务业的角色如同是知识经济中提高知识传递效率的桥梁。知识服务业发展面对着各种国际经济趋势,当知识服务业进行创新时,其驱动力量有来自内部的因素, 亦有来自外部的因素,创新可以说是源自竞争机制与复杂经济体系下的产物,知识成为创新最重要的基础。     

The Skill Premium, Technological Change and Appropriability

This paper demonstrates that an increase in the relative supply of educated workers generates a structural change in the production structure towards a knowledge-intensive production process. This structural shift may ultimately lead to an increase in the return to educated labor despite the increase in their supply. The paper argues that the steady increase in the supply of educated workers that most Western economies have experienced in recent decades may be viewed as the driving force behind the observed pattern of wage inequality. In particular, the paper demonstrates that if firms can appropriate a sufficient share of the intertemporal return from knowledge generating activities of their labor force, a gradual increase in the supply of skilled workers would generate only a temporary reduction in the skill premium followed by a permanent increase in the return to skill.     

金融服务——创新关注金融排除人群

消除金融排除、实现普惠金融是全面和谐小康社会建设和金融业自身健康持续发展的要求。金融服务创新是应对金融排除的必然路径。     

用心服务 创新机制 满腔热情做好老干部工作

老干部工作是我们党工作的一部分,做好老干部工作是一项长期而重要的政治任务。为此,要从改革、发展、稳定的全局来考虑老干部工作,把老干部工作当做一项光荣而伟大的事业来做。要在工作方法上创新,在老干部管理服务上,要由物质型服务向精神型服务延伸,由被动性服务向主动性服务转变。要将创新思路与老干部工作相结合,用心服务,创新机制,满腔热情做好老干部工作。     

Public trust and government betrayal

This study presents a simple model of government reputation (in which government type cannot be directly observed by households) with the variation that government type, rather than being permanent, follows an exogenous Markov process. This formulation captures three characteristics of bad policy outcomes: governments which betray public trust do so erratically, public trust is regained only gradually after a betrayal, and governments with recent betrayals betray with higher probability than other governments.     

An evolutionary perspective on health innovation systems

This paper elaborates on the general properties of medical innovation processes. It begins with a critical review of different perspectives and methods of investigation used in various streams of research that have previously analysed technical change in the health sector. After profiling and discussing their characteristics, the paper proposes an evolutionary approach to change in medicine constructed around the notion of a ‘Health Innovation System’. Health innovation, it is argued, consists of complex bundles of new medical technologies and clinical services emerging from a highly distributed competence base. Health Innovation Systems are driven by the combination of (1) institutionally-bound interactions among agents (‘gateways’ of innovation) and (2) history-dependent trajectories of change (‘pathways’ of innovation) whose developments emerge from and feed back into the structure of the system through organised transfers of knowledge between research and clinical practice. After drawing examples from recent empirical work on clinical research in specific disease areas, the paper concludes by identifying implications for further research.

论区域差异化现代服务业的构建

在经济区域中,现代服务业的发展已成为衡量区域产业结构水平的一个重要标志,其发展与自主创新形成了一种互动的正向关系。一方面,自主创新是区域现代服务业实现的基础条件之一;另一方面,自主创新的实现也有赖于区域现代服务业提供完善的支撑。各经济区域应结合自身的特点和区情,通过自主创新,构建区域差异化现代服务业,加速推进区域经济发展。构建具有差异化的现代服务业,其重点在于发展知识密集型的生产性服务业。