基于低碳技术创新的我国酒店业转型升级发展战略与运营机制研究

低碳技术创新是低碳经济发展的关键与核心,分析了低碳技术创新与我国酒店业转型升级的辨析关系,阐述了基于低碳技术创新的我国酒店业转型升级的战略思想、战略目标和战略阶段,并探究了转型升级的机制。     

电信业技术变迁的演化博弈分析

本文利用演化博弈理论的最新研究成果,构造了一个电信技术市场模仿者动态博弈模型来考察电信业技术变迁过程。研究结果表明:在电信业技术变迁过程中,可能出现非效率技术"锁定",也可能出现非效率技术被更有效率的技术取代;电信技术"锁定"在一定条件下是可以被破解的,政府可通过对更有效率的技术的研发提供补贴或降低其交易成本等措施来打破非效率技术"锁定",使得电信业技术变迁向更有效的方向演进。     

Technology innovation and entrepreneurial state: the development of China's high-speed rail industry

China proactively promotes indigenous technology innovation towards developing an innovation-based economy. This contradicts the developmental state literature that puts emphasis on technology imitation. Drawn from the strategic entrepreneurship perspective, this article explores the role of the government in China's technology innovation process. Carrying out a case study in the high-speed rail (HSR) industry, it suggests that it is best to understand the Chinese government as an entrepreneur in moving China's HSR industry towards technology innovation-driven development, through three dimensions of state-led strategic entrepreneurship: alertness to opportunities, resource exploration and consolidation, and strategic learning. This article highlights the importance of strategic entrepreneurship to the government in an emerging economy context and contributes to the literature by building a conceptual framework of ‘entrepreneurial state’.     

我国体育旅游产业研究进展与述评

体育旅游是体育运动与旅游活动相互渗透、融合共生的产物。随着体育旅游产业在国民经济中的地位和作用不断提升,体育旅游产业正逐渐成为国内研究关注的焦点。通过回顾与梳理我国体育旅游产业相关研究文献,对体育旅游产业的重点研究领域进行深入探讨,把握体育旅游产业研究特点和研究趋势,为加强我国体育旅游产业发展问题研究、推动体育旅游学科建设提供一定的启发和参考作用。     

Restructuring financial systems in transition and developing economies: an approach based on the French financial system

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the redesigning of financial systems in Central and Eastern European and developing countries by focusing attention on specific financial institutions appropriate to easing the transition and fostering the creation of markets. The paper argues that the immediate emulation of the better-known institutions of the most developed, market-based financial systems, i.e. the US and the UK, should not be taken for granted. It underlines, instead, the importance of drawing inspiration from the experiences of a variety of institutions and financial systems. Particularly relevant are those systems that have experienced forms of transition and a mix, over time, of market and state intervention.
The approach of this paper is one of institutional financial economics (Neave, 1991 and Williamson, 1986), in which structural details of financial institutions and contracts, in our case French financial institutions, are analysed. We argue that the principles on which some French financial institutions are based and aspects of their functioning are of value to reformers. We discuss the lessons that can be learnt from the Crédit National, the Commissariat Général du Plan, the CODEVI and the SOFARIS.     

复杂技术产业追赶与国家经济发展:国际贸易视角

选取16个发达国家和12个发展中国家作为样本,利用其1992—2011年的数据,采取回归方法,分组检验了不同类别复杂技术产品出口额所占份额及其增长率对经济增长的影响。结果显示:无论是简单技术产品还是复杂技术产品,其出口增长都会促进经济增长,但是前者的促进作用存在拐点,且简单技术产品出口额增长与经济增长之间存在倒U型关系;各类产品的出口额对经济增长同样具有显著影响,且该影响不是线性的。提出中国在大力发展复杂技术产品的同时,应关注出口结构的调整,以保证出口持续促进经济增长。     

我国畜牧业科技进步贡献率的测算与分析

本文运用C-D生产函数的增长速度测算模型测算了"八五"至"十五"时期我国畜牧业科技进步贡献率,并对"十一五"时期的科技进步贡献率进行预测。结果表明,我国畜牧业科技进步贡献率由"八五"时期的43.34%上升到"十五"时期的50.79%,并有望在"十一五"时期达到53%以上。     

On the dynamics of inequality in the transition

Inequality has increased in many of the transition economies. At the same time, spending on education has declined. In this paper we survey the factors driving these changes. We then set up a small general equilibrium model to simulate the effect of different policy choices on the path of inequality over the transition. We show that the policies selected in Central Europe engender a relatively rapid spike in inequality but with a Kuznets curve. In the simulations that broadly capture features of the policy regime dominating in Russia and the FSU, we find no Kuznets curve. We then turn to the longer run and look at the way in which both trade liberalization and technological and organizational change are likely to affect the relative demand for types of labour. We show how substantial technological and organizational change - obvious features of transition - can result in raising inequality. Persistence in inequality can be expected to depend critically on the pace at which the acquisition of skills takes place in the economy - and, hence, on the evolution of the educational system. As such, policies aimed at raising adaptability - such as quality educational systems - can be expected to dampen the increase in wage inequality.     

提升我国纺织产业科技发展的战略研究

文章基于对各国有关纺织品贸易的技术性措施发展趋势的分析,指明了我国纺织产业提升科技水平的重要性.并探讨了我国纺织产业的科技现状以及发展科技的有利条件和不利因素,最后阐述了提升我国纺织产业科技的战略选择和具体措施。     

产业集聚的理论渊源与研究进展

产业集聚是经济活动中最突出的空间特征和一个世界性的经济现象,成为了众多学科研究的主要问题之一。在重点回顾贸易理论、产业区理论、区位理论以及发展经济学对产业集聚问题研究的基础上,对产业集聚的最新研究成果分别予以阐述。通过归纳总结产业集聚理论的演化发展,为产业集聚研究的进一步深化和拓展提供理论基础。     

东北装备制造业技术外包共生强度影响因素研究

强化装备制造业与其技术外包服务商之间的共生关系,对于提高装备制造企业技术竞争力和改善区域经济效率具有重要意义。论文针对东北地区装备制造企业技术外包共生关系强度及其影响因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明东北地区装备制造企业技术外包共生关系发展尚处在中低水平程度上,在两类不同的外包共生网络中,其影响因素表现出完全不同的趋势。制造企业与其重要技术外包服务商之间的共生关系主要受到外包服务商的服务能力、本地中介机构能力、本地技术支持能力和信息共享能力的影响;而在一般技术外包服务领域中,关系要素占主要作用。提高服务企业能力以及改善共生环境要素,将有助于提高制造企业与其服务企业之间的共生强度,从而带动制造业的区域性发展。     

中国钢铁业技术创新机制演变与产业共性技术创新

20世纪90年代以来,中国钢铁业规模迅速扩张,技术水平显著提高。随着产业的发展,中国钢铁业的技术创新机制也从政府主导、行业研究机构研发、企业推广应用的模式转向以企业为主体的产学研合作模式。其中,国家经济体制、政治体制、科研体制改革的制度背景,行业规模扩张和结构变化对企业创新投入激励的增强作用,以及钢铁业技术体制自身的特点,是引起这种变化的关键因素。以市场化模式在全球范围内参与技术创新合作,正成为中国钢铁业共性技术创新的新特点,同时,这种模式也带来了重复引进或创新投入效率低下的问题。为了保持产业的持续发展,中国钢铁业还需要解决许多共性技术组织管理与政府作用的问题,如何创新产业共性技术供给和扩散机制,是需要进一步探索的问题。     

Technology and incentive regulation in the Italian motorways industry

Making use of an original dataset containing information on 20 Italian motorways concessionaires over the 1992–2004 period, we study the technology prevailing in the motorways industry in Italy. We focus on the estimation of the technical progress for the years covered by our sample, and on the measurement of the economies of scale and density. We find that the industry has experienced significant technical progress and that there are sizeable economies of density and scale (at least up to a medium-large network size). These results provide valuable insights for regulatory purposes, notably for the definition of the optimal dimension of the network of a concessionaire and the correct setting of the X factor in the price cap formula, which is used to regulate the toll levels. We also control for the effects on the performance of the concessionaires due to the changes in the ownership structure and the regulatory regime, both introduced by the recent reform of the industry. We find that the productivity of the concessionaires has not increased with the adoption of a price cap regime, while it has benefited from the privatization process.      

我国汽车业技术进步率及技术贡献率的实证研究

基于C-D生产函数,对我国汽车业的技术进步率及技术贡献率进行了实证研究。研究发现:1991—2008年期间我国汽车业的技术进步率较低,且波动性很大;我国汽车业技术要素对产业发展的贡献率低,也呈现不稳定性。技术进步率和技术贡献率的这种特征可以解释我国汽车产业运行不稳定和效率低下的现状。     

跨国公司技术控制背景下我国ICT产业的专利战略探讨

随着我国ICT产业的发展和企业竞争力的增强,跨国公司开始对我国企业加强技术控制,设置技术壁垒,阻碍国内企业的发展。专利已经成为制约我国ICT产业发展的瓶颈。在研究我国ICT产业专利状况和跨国企业技术控制的基础上,提出建立以政府为引导、企业为主体的自主创新体系,制定和实施适合我国ICT产业发展的专利战略,才能抓住ICT产业全球性转型契机,赢得后发优势,实现技术跨越。     

FDI对中国技术进步的贡献效应实证分析

外商直接投资(FDI)的经济效应问题一直是理论有多大贡献,学者们的研究结论还存在着较大的分歧.本文运用索洛测算技术进步的"余值"方法,选取中国1985年至2004年区间样本数据作为经济变量,从宏观角度分析了FDI对中国技术进步的影响效应.得出的结论是,引进FDI对促进中国的技术进步效果甚微,其原因和对策如何,需要认真研究.     

Channels of redistribution: Inequality and poverty in the Russian transition

Contrary to popular perception, Russia entered the transition with significant inequality. Using the large Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey dataset, we demonstrate that inequality has subsequently risen yet further and by end-1996 was roughly comparable to inequality in Mexico, Colombia or Malaysia. Driving this increase has been not only wealth transfers through privatization but also changes in government expenditure and a sharp growth in earnings dispersion. There has been a large, associated shift in the structure of income. The paper also looks at the incidence and depth of poverty over the period 1992-96. At the start of transition, roughly half the population of households fell below the poverty line. While this has subsequently declined, at end-1996 nearly 40 per cent of households were below the poverty line and a substantial stratum of households were locked in chronic poverty.     

福建省工业企业技术来源的现状与特征

通过对福建省工业企业技术来源的现状进行分析,总结出福建省工业企业技术来源的总体特征,即福建省工业企业以内源性技术为主、以外源性技术为辅,重技术改造、轻消化吸收。在此基础上,提出了加强科技投入、优化技术来源结构的对策建议。     

广东省纺织业技术创新模式研究

介绍了广东省纺织业技术引进、消化吸收、创新的现状,根据广东纺织企业几个典范,重点剖析各企业的创新模式特征,提出了技术创新模式的应用范围及趋势,对促进我国纺织业技术创新发展有着积极意义和借鉴价值。     

Information technology and collaboration tools within the e-supply chain management of the aviation industry

This paper investigates strategic actions and grand strategies in the aviation industry. To address this purpose, a review of main strategic change is conducted and information technology is considered as a key factor to identify behaviours of main players. In this context, collaboration emerges as one of the core aspects driving the e-supply chain management. A specific and increasing role is given to e-marketplaces where integration and co-operation seem to be the appropriate competences to create durable competitive advantages. This paper does not attempt to consider the full range of e-tools developed in the aviation industry, but at the same time it highlights the impact of information and communication technologies on customer relations and supply chain management.