Are social,financial, and human capital value enhancing? Evidence from Taiwanese firms

This study examines the effects of social, financial, and human capital on the financial performance (i.e., Tobin's q) of Taiwanese firms in 2007. We find that social capital, as measured by total lending and borrowing among related-party transactions, has a positive effect on a firm's value. Human capital, such as employee productivity and research and development (R&D), also has significant positive effects on financial performance. In addition, a higher firm value is found to be associated with a better credit rating for the firm.     

Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance in China

We investigate the relationship between venture capital (VC) networks and investment performance in China. Distinct features of China's VC networks are captured in our econometric model through the inclusion of an index of network stability and a dummy variable that indicates a VC firm's connections with the Chinese state. Our econometric analysis shows that a VC firm's position in its network, its network stability and close connections with the state all contribute to its investment performance. Comparison with the findings in Hochberg et al. (2007) indicates that networks are more important for investment performance in China than in the US. Moreover, our analysis suggests that familiarity with local culture and customs and understanding of the idiosyncrasies of China's markets and institutions are important for the success of a VC firm in China.     

产险业资本结构与承保风险对获利能力的影响——基于结构方程模型的实证分析

文章以资本结构理论为基础,利用国内产险公司2001～2004年的财务数据,运用结构方程模型探讨产险公司资本结构与承保风险对获利能力的影响。实证结果发现,资本结构的变化对我国产险公司的获利能力有正负两方面的影响,而资本结构与风险之间是相互影响的。当不考虑风险的影响时,资产负债率的提高会增强公司的获利能力,而随着资产负债率的提高,公司承保风险加大,对公司的获利能力有显著的负向影响。因此,产险公司不应一味地通过提高资产负债率来取得短期获利,还应注意控制风险,增强长期获利能力。     

资本结构特征影响因素文献综述

资本结构理论和实证研究文献表明盈利能力、公司规模、非债务税盾、成长性、自由现金流量、资产担保价值、经营风险等公司特征因素影响资本结构的选择,对影响资本结构的上述七个特征因素进行了综合回顾及评价。国内外文献中每个因素对资本结构的影响不尽相同。在中国,盈利能力、非债务税盾、成长性与资本结构负相关,而公司规模、自由现金流量、资产担保价值和经营风险与资本结构正相关。     

Vertical integration,escalating commitment and technological performance: evidence from firms in the US computer industry

We set out in this study to analyse the impact on the technological performance of firms arising from their vertical integration, along with their escalating commitment to capital investment. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between vertical integration and the technological performance of such firms. A positive correlation is also found to exist between vertical integration and escalating commitment to capital investment; in other words, a firm's rising commitment to its capital investment may well strengthen the positive effects of vertical integration on the technological performance of the firm. More importantly, the interactive effects on technological performance will tend to differ, largely dependent on the type of vertical integration. The findings of this study also indicate that vertical integration can effectively neutralise the threat to exit barriers resulting from a firm's escalating commitment to its prior investment.     

Impact of coopetition in the alliance portfolio and coopetition experience on firm innovation

This paper examines two interrelated questions: to what extent does coopetition in a firm's alliance portfolio impact the firm's innovation performance? And to what extent does a firm's coopetition experience influence the relationship between coopetition in the alliance portfolio and innovation performance? Conceptually, we advance the concepts of balanced coopetition in a firm's alliance portfolio and coopetition experience and suggest that both balanced coopetition and coopetition experience contribute to firm's innovation outcomes. Results based on a longitudinal data of firms from the semiconductor industry show that moderate to high levels of balanced-strong coopetition in a firm's alliance portfolio positively impact the firm's coopetition-based innovation performance. Further, coopetition experience contributes to innovation performance and positively moderates the relationship between balanced-strong coopetition and innovation performance.     

MECHANISM AND IMPACTS OF EMBEZZLEMENT IN A DUOPOLISTIC MARKET*

We consider the case in which a corruptible manager contemplates to embezzle his/her firm's revenues by overstating the production costs in a duopolistic market. In order to embezzle more, the manager chooses to increase the firm's output. This partially corrects the market failures associated with the oligopoly distortion. Nevertheless, pervasive and large‐scale embezzlement is detrimental and should be addressed, although moderate embezzlement might be socially good. We also consider how the length of tenure affects the manager's behaviours: extending the tenure cannot eradicate embezzlement, and an insufficient rise of the reward rate may only defer embezzlement.     

Not Leverage but Change in Leverage Matters for Firms’ Future Growth: Evidence from Turkey's Top 1000

In the financial literature it is generally assumed that a firm's financial leverage is a good measure (proxy) of the firm's access to financing. In this study, it is argued that it is not the firm's debt (leverage), but the change in leverage that more accurately mirrors the firm's true likelihood to have access to external sources of financing. Applying a firm-type analysis and panel data techniques to data on the top 1000 private industrial companies of Turkey for the period 1997–2012, it is shown that it is the change in leverage ratio, not the level of leverage ratio itself that matters for the future firm growth, controlling for profitability, leverage and firm size.     

对上市公司并购效应的实证研究

随着中国资本市场的发展,并购在社会存量资本重组中己经占据着越来越重要的位置。实证研究发现中国上市公司并购绩效在并购前后呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并购存在严重的短期效应,未能实质性提高并购绩效。因此,中国应逐步建立职业经理市场,努力做好整合后的并购工作。     

Firm Performance in the Face of Fear: How CEO Moods Affect Firm Performance

The authors use facial emotion recognition software to quantify CEO mood. Anger or disgust motivates a CEO to work harder to improve his or her situation; thus firm profitability improves in the subsequent quarter. Happy CEOs are less likely to work on hard or unpleasant tasks; thus profitability decreases in the subsequent quarter. In the short term, fear explains the firm's announcement period market performance. However, fear is transient and performance improvement is short term.     

Duopoly Competition with Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper highlights the effect of firms’ position on firms’ strategies with corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices under three different cases: Cournot competition; Stackelberg competition with the CSR firm taking the leader position and turnover, with the profit maximising (PM) firm playing as the leader. Some interesting conclusions are achieved. First, the CSR firm always produces more than the PM firm. Second, the outputs of both firms (the consumer surplus) under the PM firm's leading position are larger than those under Cournot. Third, the profits of both firms (producer surplus) under the PM firm playing the leading position are less than those under Cournot. Surprisingly, when the PM firm first moves, the PM firm's profits are the lowest while the CSR firm's outputs are the highest in all three cases. Finally, the relationship of social welfare under the three cases is ambiguous.     

Entrepreneurs with glamour? DEA performance characterization of high-tech and older-established industries

The development of high-tech industries for competitiveness is an important issue for government policy-makers. Prior work by scholars concentrates disproportionately on the modern economies conventionally classified as high technology, and underestimates the importance of the older-established sectors that comprise the bulk of economic activity. This study examines the managerial performance efficiency of 367 manufacture firms in Taiwan utilizing the two-stage data envelopment analysis technique. The empirical results indicate that the scale of the firms does play an important role in influencing the operating efficiency. One can increase the firm's performance by consolidating with other smaller units to achieve the optimal size. By employing a profitability/marketability matrix, this study better characterizes the operating performance of the firms. The result of this study has a broader implication in that prior studies neglect these older-established sectors in terms of their current performance and future development. This finding in turn reflects a major distortion in views about the roles of research and development and technological upgrading in modern regional economies as a whole.     

Social capital, ICT use and company performance: Findings from the Medicon Valley Biotech Cluster

This study explores how some uses of ICTs, as well as having social capital and other means of access to knowledge resources, are related to company performance in a knowledge-intensive business cluster. Data were collected through a survey of companies in the Medicon Valley biotech region located in Denmark and Southern Sweden. Responding companies included established producers of biotechnology-related products as well as small biotechnology start-up firms emphasizing research and development. The results suggest that when ICT use was aimed at accessing and enhancing human and intellectual capital, such as use of online databases for recruitment, intranets to enhance employee access to information and education, and collaborative tools to connect with off-premise researchers, companies reported better performance outcomes. Social capital in the form of connections to people who can provide access to information and opportunity predicted company performance, particularly for small start-up companies. The pattern of results complements prior work that establishes the importance of social capital in regional business clusters by demonstrating how certain ICT uses complement personal relationships to enhance the likelihood of success among companies in the region.     

Interactions of the firm's real and financial decisions

This paper provides an integrated approach to the theory of the firm. Under technological uncertainty, corporate taxes, risky debt and risk neutrality it is shown that the firm's investment production and financing decisions are made simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the relationship between optimal capital (or labour) and debt is not strictly negative as in Dotan and Ravid (1982) nor strictly positive as in Hite (1977). The direction of this relationship depends on the characteristics of debt and the characteristics of the firm's production function. Given the simultaneity of the real and financial decisions, it is shown that an interior optimum exists for the firm's value as a function of debt.     

CEO社会资本对其薪酬水平和薪酬波动性的影响——公司市场价值波动性和股权集中度的调节作用

探讨了CEO的社会资本对自身薪酬水平和薪酬波动性的影响,以及公司市场价值波动性和股权集中度对这种影响关系的调节作用。利用2009—2015年德国DAX30指数企业的数据验证研究假设。结果显示:CEO的社会资本对其薪酬具有显著影响,即丰富的社会资本能够提高其薪酬水平,而且增大了薪酬波动性;上述两个正向影响受到公司市场价值波动性和公司股权集中度的调节作用,即公司市场价值波动性增强了CEO的社会资本对其薪酬波动性的影响,股权集中度则减弱了这种影响。     

Internal R&D effort,external imported technology and economic value added: empirical study of Taiwan's electronic industry

Technology innovation is a significant resource in the contemporary knowledge-based economy. The main sources of technology innovation are internal R&D effort and external imported technology. Two primary traditional production factors are physical capital and labour. The theoretical basis for this study is an evolutionary Cobb–Douglas production function explaining the effects of four resources (internal R&D effort, imported technology, physical capital and labour) on a firm's sales and economic value added (EVA). Time-series cross-section panel data from 219 Taiwan electronic manufacturers between 1990 and 2003 were employed for fixed effect model. Major empirical findings were observed in this study: first, Internal R&D effort can positively affect a firm's sales and EVA. Conversely, imported technology is found to have had no significant effect on sales and EVA. Second, although both physical capital and labour affect a firm's sales more than the effects of internal R&D and external imported technology, internal R&D effort contributes to a firm's EVA beyond the effects of imported technology, physical capital and labour. Third, External imported technology has neither a complementary nor a substitutive relationship with internal R&D effort.     

我国中小企业资本结构影响因素研究——基于上市中小企业的实证检验

企业资本结构影响因素研究对企业融资具有重要意义,中国中小企业的特殊性决定了其资本结构与一般企业存在差别。通过对影响中小企业资本结构的因素进行逻辑分类,用稳健回归方法分析了各个因素与中小企业资本结构的关系。研究发现行业因素、中小企业的企业规模、盈利能力、竞争能力、成长性、非债务税盾和资产担保价值对中小企业的资本结构选择影响显著。研究证明西方理论对中国中小企业的部分适用性,同时也发现中国市场环境下中小企业资本结构具有一定特殊性。     

宏观经济因素对我国农业上市公司资本结构影响的实证分析

农业上市公司的资本结构是否合理对公司的发展起着很重要的作用,而资本结构不止受到企业规模、盈利能力、成长能力等企业内部因素的影响,而且还会受到外部经济环境的影响。主要从经济增长、通货膨胀、政府财政支出、实际利率水平等宏观经济因素来分析对我国农业上市公司资本结构的影响。     

How corporate cultures coevolve with the business environment: The case of firm growth crises and industry evolution

This paper shows how cognitive human dispositions that take effect at the level of an individual firm's corporate culture have repercussions on an industry's evolution. In our theory, the latter is attributable to evolving corporate cultures coupled with changes in a firm's business environment. With the help of a formal model of evolving corporate cultures, we demonstrate how firms can establish a cooperative cultural regime that yields competitive advantages in an innovative, fast changing environment. Depending on within-firm social learning processes and cognitive constraints of human agents, organizations then reach a critical cognitive firm size in their development beyond which the level of cooperation deteriorates rapidly—they systematically face a growth crisis. Organizations successful in such an environment and reaching a critical technological size may, however, reap economies of scale in a later, mature and stable business environment with altered corporate culture. Furthermore, we relate these findings to empirical evidence on firm survival and performance in different industries, the evolution of organizational structures, and technological advancements in production technologies, and we identify some determinants of market structures.     

学术型企业家社会资本惯性、角色冲突感知对创业绩效的影响研究

学术创业跨越了学术与产业两种不同的环境,因此学术型企业家往往肩负着学者与企业家两种角色,他们的社会资本、角色冲突感知都会对该创业进程产生一定影响。本文基于资源保存理论、扩张-加强假说和资源基础理论,构建了学术型企业家角色冲突感知、社会资本惯性对创业资源获取与创业绩效的整合作用模型,并深入探索企业参与程度在这一过程中的调节作用。对394位学术型企业家展开问卷调研,并运用多元回归分析等方法进行实证检验。结果表明,角色冲突感知对资源获取与创业绩效都具有显著正向影响,而社会资本惯性对资源获取有显著负向影响。同时,资源获取对创业绩效具有显著正向影响,学者的企业参与程度正向调节了角色冲突感知与创业绩效的关系。以上研究结果从主观感知的角度丰富了学术型企业家双重角色的相关研究,也为有创业想法或者已在创业过程中的学者提供一定的实践指导。