Linking technology innovation strategy,intellectual capital and technology innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs

The research interest on Intellectual Capital (IC) has been increasing, adopting different definitions and developing diverse measurement tools. Nonetheless, little research focuses on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the relation between IC and innovation management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of technology innovation strategy on the IC development and then on innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs. After conducting a survey, measures of IC for SMEs have been performed and an integrated structural equation model has been created. Results demonstrate that technology innovation strategy affects all IC components, the internal structural capital supports the relational and human capital, and the latter two influence firm technology innovation performance. This study contributes to developing an IC measurement system in SMEs and to emphasise the importance of single IC components in improving technology innovation performance.     

企业社会资本:理论与实证研究述评

大量研究表明,社会资本是企业重要的战略资源和有效的治理机制,因而企业社会资本理论成为当前经济学和管理学研究的前沿领域之一。本文在已有文献的基础上,对企业社会资本的概念界定、分析维度和测量方法方面的研究进行了归纳;并从公司治理、融资行为、技术创新和企业家4个方面,对现有关于企业社会资本与企业绩效之间关系的实证研究进行了梳理。最后,就企业社会资本理论的发展现状和趋势进行了简要总结。     

心理资本与战略人力资源管理

本文分析了心理资本的内涵,比较了其与人力资本、社会资本的差异,并探讨了战略人力资源管理和心理资本的联系,提出了以创新性战略人力资源管理实践培育和开发心理资本的途径。     

战略性人力资源管理及其理论基础

在战略管理兴起的背景下,人力资源管理被提到了战略的地位.不同学者对战略人力资源管理的定义并不一致,但是其核心观点是人力资源管理活动对组织绩效非常重要.许多学者根据不同的理论提出不同的理论架构来解释人力资源管理与企业绩效的关系,如资源基础理论、人力资本理论、行为理论、一般系统理论以及交易与代理理论.它们解释的差异主要表现在人力资源管理活动与组织绩效的作用途径的不同,从而也反应了未来研究的方向.     

技术多元化对企业创新绩效的影响——高管团队社会资本的调节作用

从社会网络理论的角度出发,利用2013年143家IT通信行业企业的相关数据,分析了高管团队的社会资本对技术多元化与企业创新绩效间关系的调节作用。研究结果显示:技术多元化广度和深度对企业创新绩效有显著的正向影响;高管团队的社会资本对技术多元化和企业创新绩效的关系起一定的调节作用,其中高管团队的横向社会资本对技术多元化广度与企业创新绩效的关系起正向调节作用,高管团队的纵向社会资本对技术多元化广度与企业创新绩效间关系的调节作用不显著,高管团队的横向社会资本和纵向社会资本对技术多元化深度与企业创新绩效的关系均起负向调节作用。     

Complementarities of human capital and information technology: small businesses,emerging economy context and the strategic role of firm resources

How information technology (IT) may complement other key firm resources such as human capital is a question that has drawn increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. Answers to this question are crucial for small businesses in today’s environment. These businesses face a growing demand for IT usage at the same time that they typically can count only on limited resources. This has become a common situation that is particularly critical for small businesses operating in developing countries with emerging economies. We develop propositions and test them with a dataset of service small businesses in an emerging economy. We find that the use of IT services is positively related to firm productivity and that this relationship is positively moderated by entrepreneurs’ management education. Our findings indicate that firm productivity is associated with a combination of human and technology resources.     

The effect of internal and external technology sourcing on firm performance throughout the technology life cycle

In studies about the impact of technology sourcing on firm performance, the impact of the technology life cycle has thus far received scant attention. This paper investigates this topic from the knowledge-based perspective. Data was gathered from 22 PLD (Programmable Logic Device) manufacturers in the integrated circuit industry between 1986 and 2005, and used to test two hypotheses based on panel analysis: (1) that strategic alliance networks, as a mode of external technology sourcing, have a positive effect on a firm's innovative and market performance early in the technology life cycle, and (2) that internal development as a mode of internal technology sourcing has a positive effect on a firm's innovative and market performance later in the technology life cycle. Although both hypotheses are supported as far as market performance is concerned, neither is supported when it comes to innovative performance.     

The impact of personality traits on talents’ performance throughout development phases: empirical evidence from professional football

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses a critical gap in talent management research, i.e. the question of what determines high performance, by highlighting the importance of personality traits for the performance of talents who are trained within the strong situation of a pivotal talent pool – – the talent pool, of a German Bundesliga club. The findings illustrate the ubiquitous high level of certain personality traits among pivotal talents, their limited variance inter talent development phases as well as their significant impact on talent performance. As a complement to talents’ job-specific skill level, the personality facet of self-confidence is a consistent driver of overall performance, with resilience and job-specific creativity being essential in order to perform above peer-group level.     

知识员工创新绩效增益效应研究:资本禀赋视角

知识员工创新绩效已成为企业持续竞争优势的重要体现。在资本禀赋视角下,人力资本与社会资本、人力资本与心理资本、社会资本与心理资本以及人力资本、社会资本与心理资本的互动作用机制,对知识员工创新绩效起显著增益效应。其中,社会资本比人力资本更能对知识员工创新绩效产生显著正向影响;心理资本相对人力资本、社会资本对知识员工创新绩效有显著增益效应;三类资本动态协同模型的建立与可持续开发所产生的聚合效应,是提高知识员工创新绩效的关键。     

人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的中介机理

基于205家企业的调查数据,采用结构方程模型,对人力资本和组织氛围影响企业绩效的中介作用进行了检验。结果显示:人力资本是人力资源管理系统中"选"、"育"实践影响企业绩效的完全中介变量,是"用留"实践影响企业绩效的部分中介变量;组织氛围不是人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的中介变量;"用留"实践对企业绩效的直接效应最显著。这表明,企业较重视人力资本的价值创造作用,而对工作氛围的价值创造作用关注不够。     

珠三角地区资本结构与劳资关系的实证研究

根据资本-劳动替代的“拐点论”,经济发展的初期总是伴随着物质资本的积累,物质资本将在相当长的时期占据经济增长的主导地位;由于资本劳动的边际替代率递减,当物质资本积累处于一定阶段,产生对人力资本更多需求,人力资本则成为这个时期的主要资本;只有在经济持续发展,政治文明发展到一定程度,信任、规范、网络和社会公德等社会资本才有可能成为推动经济发展的主导力量。珠三角地区城市的劳资关系在近30年均处于下降趋势,物质资本总体处于上升趋势,人力资本意义上的劳动力尤其是高层次高素质的劳动力较缺乏;社会资本可以显著的促进物质资本和人力资本的积累,物质资本水平的提高并不必然产生人力资本积累和社会资本积累的结果,人力资本积累也不必然促进社会资本的发展。需要转变经济发展方式,为资本演化创造物质条件,促进人力资本和社会资本积累,并在企业管理层面上促进合作型劳资关系的形成。     

The effect of environmental and social performance on the stock performance of european corporations

This paper examines the effect of sustainability performance of European corporations on their stock performance, measured as the average monthly stock return from 1996 to 2001. The econometric analysis is based on common empirical asset pricing models, particularly on the multifactor model according to Fama and French (1993, Journal of Financial Economics, 33:3–56). The consideration of sustainability performance is two-fold: The average sustainability performance of the industry in which a corporation operates and the relative sustainability performance of a corporation within a given industry. The main result is that the average environmental performance of the industry has a significantly positive influence on the stock performance. In contrast, the average social performance of the industry has a significantly negative influence. The variables of the relative environmental or social performance of a corporation within a given industry have no significant effect on the stock performance. As a by-product, the econometric analysis implies that some results of Fama and French (1993, 1996, The Journal of Finance, LI (1):55–84) regarding the risk factors of the multifactor model need not hold true for different observation periods, for different stock markets, and for the use of single stocks (instead of portfolios). An erratum to this article can be found at     

创业者的人力资本和社会资本对创业过程的影响

创业者的人力资本和社会资本在新企业的创建和成长中起着至关重要的作用。本文探讨了创业者人力资本和社会资本的构成及其关系,就它们对机会识别、新企业创建和成长的不同阶段的影响进行了评述和研究,总结了其中的机制,并指出,在创业过程中创业者的人力资本和社会资本会互相影响,不断形成资本的积累和增值,进而促进或抑制新企业的成长绩效。在此基础上,提出了基于创业者人力资本和社会资本的创业过程整体研究框架。     

浅析中国社会保障基金的绩效审计

当今社会市场经济体制下,社会保障基金能有效地保障人民基本生活、提高国民经济福利,合理的社会保障基金制度更能保持社会公平和维护社会的和谐稳定,几乎成为社会不可或缺的重要组成部分之一;社会保障基金相关部门或机构为履行其职责,会运用其经济资源和权利。绩效审计,顾名思义,就是检查其使用资源的经济性、效率与效益性和合法性。显而易见,社会保障基金绩效审计在保障和改善民生、发展社会事业的作用是不言而喻的。分析中国社会保障基金绩效审计的现状和发展方向,以及社会保障基金的功能、特点等相关问题,并提出一些想法。     

The impact of technology transfer on agribusiness performance in Kenya

ABSTRACT

This study examines how technology transfer can influence the performance of small businesses in developing countries like Kenya. The theoretical basis of the study is the technology transfer model, which integrates a consideration of the transfer provider with that of the recipient’s capacity. The study’s sample comprises 104 enterprises. Correlation and a regression model are used for content analysis. The results show that technology transfers improve small businesses’ performance and help drive rural development. The effectiveness of transferred technology has a major impact on small businesses’ competitiveness and access to international markets. These findings imply that governments must develop technology transfer strategies for small businesses in order to enhance both their performance and food security. Government policies for technology transfer should incorporate incentives for agricultural technology transfer to boost food security.     

人口老龄化、社会保障与人力资本投资

本文以我国养老保险的"统账结合"模式为例,探讨了社会保障制度对人口老龄化和人力资本投资的影响。根据本文的推导和验证,增加"统账结合"模式中个人账户的比例,将会对居民的人力资本投资产生一定的激励作用,并延缓其退出劳动力市场的时间,从而缓解人口老龄化对经济和社会发展带来的压力。另外,本文还在"统账结合"模型下,分析了人力资本投资与退休的关系,结果发现,增加人力资本投资,可以延长居民的劳动参与时间。由此,我国的社会保障制度应该在以下两个方面进行改革:适当增加"统账结合"模式中个人承担的比例;加快农村的社会保障体系建设,促进覆盖全国的社会保障体系的形成。     

我国农业生产中技术与人力资本的挤出与我国城乡的二元经济

本文研究我国农业生产中技术与人力资本挤出的原因、过程和机理,分析农业技术与人力资本在农业经济中的内生条件.以此思路,研究和理解我国城乡二元经济的特征、原理和主要表现等问题.本文指出,我国目前存在的城乡二元经济,其实质是农村不能充分融入现代市场经济;资本(包括人力资本)和技术要素在农业经济中不能实现它们在一般市场中的效率和价值;农民不能充分享有经济发展的机会和权利.     

社会资本、人力资本与经济增长

笔者采用截面数据回归分析法及时间序列数据协整分析法对中国社会资本的不同维度——信任和民间组织与人力资本、经济增长的关系进行实证研究。结果表明,我国社会资本通过影响人力资本而影响经济增长,人力资本是我国社会资本作用于经济增长的机制之一。     

高管团队能力与企业绩效间关系的实证分析——考虑CEO社会资本的调节作用

在对高管团队人口统计学特征指标和企业绩效指标进行因子分析的基础上,结合高层梯队理论和代理理论,研究了高管团队不同层次的属性(自然属性、能力属性和治理属性)与企业不同层次的绩效(成长绩效、增长绩效和经营绩效)的关系,并进一步分析了CEO的社会资本在两者关系中所起的调节作用。研究结论如下:中国上市公司的绩效与高管团队的管理素质有关;CEO的社会资本削弱了高管团队的管理素质与企业绩效的正向关系;中国现实环境中存在的"关系"不利于中国企业整体的成长。提出:完善市场经济体制、加强法制建设、厘清政府与市场的关系对于企业健康成长具有重要意义。     

论人力资本与智力资本的"虚拟资本"性质

本文认为人力资本、智力资本理论的产生,本质上是提出了"虚拟资本"问题,是对这些过去被看作是费用或成本的东西进行"资本化定价".在当代企业的资本范畴中实际上已经形成了以实体资本为一方的"硬资本"和以虚拟资本为另一方的"软资本"两大部份,而这两大部份是建立在"资本三要素"--物质资本、人力资本、智力资本基础上的.由"资本三要素"的基础概念,我们可以推解出一系列新的资本概念和形态,从中我们可以较清晰地辨别虚拟资本与实体资本的构架与层次,并可直观地厘清它们的边界与关系,这有利于我们更好地理解人力资本与智力资本的特性和功能.