Globalization of techmological innovation

This paper focuses on strategies and opportunities for European and global development offered bythe globalization of technological innovation (GTI). The author clarifies the concept of GTI by examining eight main aspects of this phenomenon. Focus then turns to Europe as it moves towards integration under the Single European Act. The question of Europe's global position is addressed, and the opportunities prospects and issues raised by GTI for European societies are analysed. The strategic implications of GTI for Durope are examined, and three main options for European (and global) development are presented.     

Globalization and terrorism

This paper has multiple objectives. I set out linkages of a causal model to portray how globalization influences international terrorist strategies. I also point to methodological and theoretical shortcomings in the literature with respect to the levels of disaggregation at which issues are analyzed, and I evaluate the opportunity–cost argument for assessing international terrorism. The paper and conclusions present perspectives on developments of terrorism in the context of globalization, including the relationship of terror to immigration.     

关于全球化的几点思考

本文在吸收国内外全球化研究成果的基础上,对全球化进行重新定义,剖析其内涵.界定其外延,分析其两重性,阐述它与全球一体化的关系.     

东盟+1:从"内部全球化"到"外部全球化"

本文首先在对全球化的历史和内涵进行界定的基础上引入了"内部全球化"与"外部全球化"的模式;其次,东盟被作为一个特例用于对"内部全球化"过程的验证;第三,通过对东亚国家拟形成东盟+3或建立东亚经济集团(EAEG)战略构想的分析,展示了从东盟到整个东亚的次区域"外部全球化"的进程;最后,本文提出了相关的结论,即"东盟+1"是实现东亚政治经济新格局和应对全球化在目前的现实选择.     

试议国家创新体系中技术创新与制度创新的相互关系

建立在熊彼特的创新思想基础上的技术创新经济学和制度创新经济学,从经济运行角度来看,对于在市场经济条件下的国家创新体系建设无疑具有重要的科学指导意义。文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对国家创新体系中技术创新与制度创新的关系提出新的研究视点。     

试论经济全球化形势下的会计全球化

21世纪，是经济全球化时代，也是会计全球化时代。世界各国要想共事全球会计资源，就必须参与到会计全球化活动中来。本文着重对经济全球化形势下的会计全球化的基本理论问题进行了探讨，主要包括会计全球化的涵义、理论依据、根本动因、目标与原则等。     

全球化与反全球化观点评述

全球化成为当今世界经济的一个最具争议的话题,随着全球化的加速发展,反全球化运动也同时发展,各界人士从不同角度分析全球化,有的学者持乐观态度,而有的学者持悲观态度,本文试图将有关全球化的观点和反全球化的观点进行评述,最后提出笔者对全球化的看法。     

论全球化的本质

把握全球化的本质 ,应着眼于其所体现的生产关系。全球化背后体现的仍然是资本主义生产关系。然而与过去的资本主义历史不同的是 ,在全球化时代 ,资本已在世界范围内突破各种政治、文化和传统因素的制约 ,成为真正的能主宰全球的力量。而跨国公司的发展 ,金融的全球化 ,各种国际经济组织的成立 ,市场经济的普及以及信息网络的发展 ,这些都是资本统治的具体形式或条件 ,绝非全球化的本质。     

The Social Economics of Globalization

There is general agreement on the moral values that globalization should serve. These are widespread prosperity and economic growth, ecological sustainability, and cultural diversity. Proponents believe that neoliberal globalization will achieve these goals, while the critics believe that globalization undermines them. An institutionalist theory that recognizes the reality of economic power and choice posits that globalization enhances the power of the business sector at the expense of the government and moral–cultural sectors. Policies for redressing this imbalance are discussed.

The Social Economics of Globalization

There is general agreement on the moral values that globalization should serve. These are widespread prosperity and economic growth, ecological sustainability, and cultural diversity. Proponents believe that neoliberal globalization will achieve these goals, while the critics believe that globalization undermines them. An institutionalist theory that recognizes the reality of economic power and choice posits that globalization enhances the power of the business sector at the expense of the government and moral–cultural sectors. Policies for redressing this imbalance are discussed.     

试论经济全球化形势下的会计全球化

21世纪，是经济全球化时代，也是会计全球化时代，世界各国要共享全球会计资源，就必须参与到会计全球以活动中来，对经济全球化形势下的会计全球化的基本理论问题进行探讨，具有重要的现实意义。     

创新的双重效应

熊彼特的创新理论成为经济增长理论中的一个重要的工具。然而,孤立地从生产角度分析创新,并不能完整地说明创新的效应机制。创新不仅具有提高劳动生产率、资源利用率和扩展资源等生产性效应,而且具有提高消费效率和拓展需求等需求性效应。在生产效率不断提高且未实现分配公平化的情况下,经济不断增长的历程正是创新双重效应的共同作用;经济增长周期性地被危机或衰退所阻滞却是创新过于追求生产效率而缺乏对需求刺激的表现。     

Outsourcing of innovation

This paper looks at the outsourcing of research and development (R&D) activities. We consider cost reducing R&D and allow manufacturing firms to decide whether to outsource the project to research subcontractors or carry out the research in-house. We use a principal-agent framework and consider fixed and revenue-sharing contracts. We solve for the optimal contract under these constraints. We find that allowing for revenue-sharing contracts increases the chance of outsourcing and improves economic efficiency. However, the principal may still find it optimal to choose a contract that allows the leakage to occur—a second-best outcome when leakage cannot be monitored or verified. Stronger protection of trade secrets can induce more R&D outsourcing without inhibiting technology diffusion and increase economic efficiency, as long as it does not significantly lengthen the product cycle. We have benefitted from comments from Andy Daughety, Bob Becker, Rick Bond, Kenneth Chan, Kenji Fujiwara, Shingo Ishiguro, Ron Jones, Seiichi Katayama, Pravin Krishna, Stephanie Lau, Jennifer Reinganum, Koji Shimomura, Eden Yu, two anonymous referees, an editor, and seminar participants at Arizona State, Indiana, Kobe, Osaka, Purdue, Michigan State, UC-Irvine, Vanderbilt, the American Economic Association Meeting in Philadelphia, the Midwest Economic Theory and International Trade Meetings at Indianapolis, the Public Economic Theory Conference in Beijing (China), the WTO and Globalization Conference at Hitotsubashi (Japan), the ETSG meeting in Nottingham (UK), and the CES-IFO Conference in Munich (Germany). We also thank Marketa Sonkova for research assistance. Financial support by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR, China (Project No. CityU1476/05H) and the Department of Economics and Finance of City University of Hong Kong is acknowledged. The usual disclaimer applies.     

关于全球化的几点认识

展现在 2 1世纪人类社会的全球化趋势实际是源于 16世纪的世界资本主义发展的继续。计算机技术和网络信息的极大发展 ,使这一全球化带有迥异于其过去任何时代的特点。今天 ,应用马克思主义的历史分析方法看待新一轮全球化潮流 ,仍然具有极大的现实意义。     

全球化中的利益分配

２０世纪８０年代以来,“全球化”作为一个全新的概念盛行起来,并要求我们运用新的方法去分析其内在的利益机制。国际货币基金组织第一副执行董事、经济学家费希尔认为：“全球化是在商品和服务跨国界交易以及国际资本流动数量和形式不断增加,在技术扩散广度和速度不断提高的基础上所形成的日益加深的各国在经济上的相互依赖。”经济全球化是一个可以使全球福利增进的“正和博弈”过程,但是全球化带来的利益能否在各国之间均衡分配,则取决于国际经济制度的安排。一、不同国际经济体制下的利益分配国际经济体制安排是一个涉及全球化利益…     

全球化的测量

全球化指数以越来越细致的笔触描绘了一幅整合所带来的得失的图景。前几年的排行榜结果显示,最全球化的国家一般都是最平等,自然资源保护最有力,政治制度最完善,腐败程度最低的国家,这挑战了人们在诸如收入不平等、工资、环保、腐败以及政治自由等事务方面的传统智慧。     

全球化背景下我国经济运行的安全性

为了在经济全球化的大潮中立于不败之地,确保经济运行的安全性,我们应坚持科学发展观,不断提高驾驭经济运行的能力;实事求是,敢于解决经济运行中的突出矛盾;突出重点,不断构建经济运行的安全体系等。