基于知识权力和知识交互行为的产业集群多重知识网络演化分析

针对产业集群知识网络中客观存在但却未受关注的知识权力,结合自适应知识交互行为,采用多主体建模与仿真方法,分析知识权力的动态变化导致的产业集群多重知识网络演化。结果表明:知识权力差距及知识交互行为是促使产业集群多重知识网络形成及演化的基础,产业集群多重知识网络的演化过程具有典型的阶段性特征,其网络结构呈现出网络节点密集性与稀疏性相结合、强联结与弱联结并存、度分布高度异质性的特征。利用实际产业集群网络验证仿真结果,证明了该仿真模型的可信性。     

高耗能产业群协同创新网络模型构建及评价研究

高耗能产业群初步形成了产业协同创新网络雏形,其发展机理和演化过程应引起重视并得到深入研究。基于产业集群协同创新理论,提出了高耗能产业群协同创新网络的概念,从技术创新视角分析其演进机理,构建了高耗能产业群协同创新网络演进的结构模型及评价指标体系以剖析其演化过程,并以宝钢为案例进行了实证研究。结果表明：高耗能产业群协同创新网络及评价模型可以较好地反映宝钢集团通过协同创新网络建设促进可持续发展的水平与进程。     

Evolution of network relations,enterprise learning,and cluster innovation networks: the case of the Yuyao plastics industry cluster

Industrial clusters have become a crucial carrier of economic globalisation. However, constrained by the nation’s industrial development model, clusters in China have long been relegated to a low-end position. This study, based on the perspective of focal enterprises, analysed the relationships among network relations, enterprise learning, and the evolution of cluster innovation networks and explored the three formation stages of a cluster innovation network by examining the example of the Yuyao plastics industry cluster. The results showed (1) that focal enterprises exert spin-off effects on enterprise learning and are critical for innovation networking and (2) that weak network ties facilitate exploratory learning, whereas strong ties influence exploitative learning. In addition, tie strength showed a coevolutionary feature. Furthermore, the results showed that (3) this evolutionary process demonstrated a phase-changing characteristic, with government policy exhibiting substantial effects on focal enterprises, organisational learning mechanisms, and cluster innovation networks.     

Regional service clusters and networks. Two approaches to empirical identification and development: the case of logistics in the German port city‐states Hamburg and Bremen

This article discusses two approaches to the identification and measurement of regional clusters and its networks in ‘cross‐sectoral’ services which are not available through official industrial statistics. The first approach is a ‘secondary‐statistical’ one consisting of a firm‐based blending of two separate official statistical data‐sets, industrial and ‘functional’ (that is, the professions practised within firms). Thus, a service ‘cross‐sector’ is identified across manufacturing and service industries. In the matrices resulting, weights are attached in an expert survey to the numbers of employees to aggregate the ‘real’ logistics ‘cross‐sector’. This is applied to the two German port city‐states, Hamburg and Bremen. The second approach is ‘primary‐statistical’, based on a small firms survey which generated data on ‘functional’ supplier relations (the cluster) and on project‐based ‘strategic’ cooperations (the networks within that cluster). This follows a two‐stage model of emerging clusters and ‘its’ networks. This data‐set is combined with the firms’ affiliations to branches, firm size, age and sales growth classes, in order to connect information with the industry statistics. Also, the net densities and centrality structures are calculated. The combined information provides indications of the relevance of the service cluster and its networks as factors of future regional development. The latter approach is applied to the State of Bremen only. Two results appear to be transferable beyond the German cases: first, the two approaches improve the knowledge about policy‐relevant ‘cross‐sectors’, clusters and networks; and second our knowledge about service, namely logistics, clusters and networks (for which port regions are prominent nodes) is improved. Finally, some implications for regional cluster strategies are discussed.     

基于网络化的中小企业集群成长机理

论述了网络化促进中小企业集群成长的效用、中小企业集群网络化成长机理、促进中小企业集群成长的网络结构及其演化等问题。认为:中小企业集群呈网络化成长趋势;企业间的合作网络影响着企业获取资源的数量和质量以及集群的成长速度和成长能力;不同的网络结构模型对中小企业集群的成长发挥着不同的功能;中小企业集群随着网络结构模型的转换来演进和发展。     

价值链与创新型产业集群社会网络特征研究——基于浙江省产业集群的实证分析

产业集群中大量企业集中在相对较小区域内,这种高密度企业集中会对企业社会网络产生多方面影响。不同类型产业集群在发展过程中呈现许多差异特征,因此企业社会网络特征也非常不同。本研究针对价值链型产业集群与创新型产业集群这两个典型类型产业集群,探讨两种产业集群中企业社会网络特征的差异,并通过实证统计分析来检验不同产业集群类型下企业社会网络特征是否存在显著差异。本研究先通过独立样本T检验证明本研究所取样的两个产业集群分别属于不同类型的产业集群,然后再对不同类型产业集群中企业社会网络四个维度进行独立样本T检验,最终证明不同产业集群类型下企业社会网络特征存在显著差异。     

产业集群脆弱性测度模式初探

根据社会网络分析的理念,提出产业集群脆弱性测度的5个测度变量,构建了产业集群脆弱性测度的理论模型;并依据文献综述和企业访谈得出了25个测量条款和相关的调研问卷;在172家样本企业实证分析的基础上,对上述理论模型进行了验证和修订。接着根据复杂自适应系统理论,设计出了产业集群脆弱性的测度方法;然后以网络层次分析法为工具,用修订的测度模型推演出的评价网络结构模型,探讨了产业集群内部各节点间脆性关联程度的赋值方法;最后通过一个实例说明了产业集群中各节点企业以及产业集群整体脆弱性测度的求解过程。     

基于关键节点与关键路径的专利集群网络演进研究

专利作为技术和知识的重要载体,是研究技术演进和产业发展的重要信息源。目前缺乏针对专利集群网络中关键节点与关键路径中节点的比较分析和技术知识挖掘。构建基于关键节点和关键路径的专利集群网络演进模型,从两个层面综合分析技术演进特征。检索德温特数据库(Derwent Innovation Index)得到碳化硅肖特基势垒二极管（SiC-SBD）相关专利作为实证数据,时间跨度为1986-2017年。结果表明,SiC-SBD专利集群网络经历了萌芽期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期,其中,萌芽期专利主要涉及基础技术,成长期为器件结构,以完善器件结构、改进二极管性能为主要研究方向。近年来SiC-SBD专利年增长率下降,技术发展速度放缓,专利价值更多体现在其商业价值上。SiC-SBD专利集群网络关键节点与关键路径中节点重合度较高,核心专利识别可通过多视角分析得到。通过关键节点与关键路径分析专利集群网络演进过程,有助于更全面呈现技术演进过程,为决策者识别核心专利、预测技术发展提供参考。     

全要素网络虚实二象性与产业集群生成及演化机理研究

产业发展所需要素资源有赖于知识网、社会网、物联网和价值网4种网络的承载。在研究四网联动、四网融合及其与产业集群组织经营关系的基础上,提出全要素网络概念、结构与框架。随后,对全要素网络虚实二象性进行剖析,认为全要素网络虚象是知识共享与计算网络,而实象是要素的分布式存储网络,实象与虚象之间存在关联与映射关系。最后,从虚实相生和虚实替代两种作用关系出发,分别研究了产业集群生成与演化机理,对基于要素网络优化建设视角促进产业集群可持续发展具有重要理论指导作用。     

产业集群创新网络中创新能力传递障碍与集群升级研究

集群创新网络中的创新能力传递可以有效提升集群整体创新能力,认识并克服创新能力传递障碍可以加速传递进程,对于产业集群升级至关重要。由此,提出产业集群创新网络中创新能力传递障碍的概念并构建概念模型。实证结果表明,产业集群创新网络中创新能力传递障碍与集群升级负相关,通过相关性权重分析,得到5个障碍维度对集群升级阻碍的强弱程度,并针对主要障碍提出改善建议。     

网络组织模式下中国产业集群发展路径研究

产业集群是一种高度网络化的国家战略性组织，网络化是其高质量发展的最佳路径。通过把握全球产业创新组织变革态势，全面总结德国、美国、日本产业集群网络化发展经验与启示，提出“一核心、三机制、五步骤”的中国产业集群网络化发展路径，即以产业组织变革为核心，构筑“政府-市场-集群”三位一体治理体系，以产业集群网络化发展国家战略为引领、以产业集群网络化协作组织为枢纽、以网络化产业集群创新为动力、以分类型分阶段推进为手段、以动态监测评估为抓手，构建多维度、多层次的集群发展命运共同体，不断增强集群创新力和竞争力，为新时代推动我国产业集聚向产业集群转型升级、培育世界级先进制造业集群等提供决策参考。     

Economic ‘Clusters’ in East Germany: Evidence on the Location and Characteristics of Spatially Concentrated Industries

This article presents the results of an empirical study on spatially concentrated industries (SCI) with ‘cluster’ qualities in the eastern part of Germany which have emerged so far in the process of transformation. The findings reveal that SCI in East Germany which show ‘cluster’ qualities, i.e. SCI being supported by network activities and by innovative competences, are relatively rare, and they are strongly concentrated in agglomerated spaces. As the regional policy scheme which up to now has followed the ‘watering can principle’ has brought, so far, only poor results in terms of East–West convergence, a renewed policy with a special focus on agglomerated spaces (with more favourable conditions for economic growth) and with a stronger orientation on support for networking and innovative competences will probably be more effective in stimulating economic growth in East Germany.     

基于网络视角的集群供应链研究

网络科学的研究已经深入到自然科学、社会科学、技术科学等方方面面，在产业集群中的有关研究也有不少。针对目前集群供应链网络的发展，本文结合复杂网络与集群的研究，梳理了集群供应链网络理论的研究脉络，就集群供应链的演进机理、鲁棒性和脆弱性、拓扑结构、等级组织、社团结构和加权网络进行了分析，并指出在集群供应链网络研究中还有较大的研究空间，就集群供应链网络的理论基础、定义、演进机理、网络特征、复杂性以及有关实证和模型作了一定的研究。最后，本文指出在网络结构特征、动力学分析、社团结构分析以及实证研究都是未来研究的重要领域。     

内生性产业集群、产业分工网络和产业生产价值链——一个基于分工演进和专业化的产业发展分析的新框架

文章以内生性的专业化和分工为基础,构建了一个内生性产业集群和产业分工网络发展的一般均衡模型,分析了在经济一体化背景下产业集群、产业分工网络和专业化生产之间的内在关联和作用规律。模型的结论认为,国家(产业)间的制度效率与竞争强度之间存在着循环效应,而这种循环效应能够决定产业集群的布局和配置,决定各国在产业价值链上的位置,并最终决定经济增长的状态。尤其是,一国技术(经济)系统的制度效率的进步将会增加市场交易的需求,进而扩展产业分工的网络规模;而这又将推动产业集群的发展,扩大产业网络的范围,提升该国在产业生产价值链上的位置。     

小微企业社会网络的动态演变及其影响因素

基于国内外社会网络演变的研究文献,研究了小微企业社会网络演进的特征,并构建了小微企业社会网络动态演进的影响因素模型。提出:小微企业社会网络的演进是层层嵌套推进的动态过程,企业的内部因素(创业者特质、网络化能力和企业发展需求)和企业的外部因素(环境的动态变化)会影响小微企业社会网络的动态演进。     

Industrial Policy and Islamic Finance

Debates on industrial policy have typically focused on interventions in the ‘real’ sector to facilitate the transformation of a resources-based economy to one that is based on manufacturing. Although the financial sector has always figured strongly in these discussions, its development, or rather repression, is almost always considered in the context of serving the ‘real’ sector. In contrast, this paper contributes to the emerging literature on government policies to develop financial sectors into independent and internationally competitive sources of economic growth on their own right through an analysis of the development of Islamic finance in Malaysia. The paper argues that the emergence of Islamic finance in Malaysia, and the country's evolution into a key player of the sector in the global market, can be attributed to developmental efforts or industrial policies adopted by the government. The case of Islamic finance in Malaysia suggests the continuing relevance of industrial policy for developmental purposes. More importantly, it demonstrates that developing countries can chart a path towards services-led growth, the next frontier in economic development.     

数字商务与产业集群外部经济协同演化：产业数字化转型的一种路径

产业集群是现代产业发展的重要组织形式,外部经济通常被认为是形成集群竞争力的重要源泉,但近年来传统集群陷入“低端锁定”僵局,迫切需要进行数字化转型。数字商务正是驱动数字经济形成与发展的重要引擎,其发展不断赋予产业集群新内涵、新特征和新动能,促进集群经济向数字化、智能化方向转型升级,两者协同演化形成驱动中国数字经济高质量发展的不竭源泉。研究表明,数字商务与集群经济协同演化过程可分为起步阶段（多点突破）、发展阶段（串点成线）、拓展阶段（连线成网）和成熟阶段（推演成体）,层层递进,沿着要素配置效率提升→要素共享平台构建→协同网络形成→数字生态圈演进的路径影响产业集群的内涵与发展,推动产业集群沿着相对封闭的供应链体系→价值网络→社会化协同网络→开放的产业生态路径不断演进。两者协同演化将使马歇尔外部经济来源大大拓宽,且多个层次的外部经济相互促进、溢出,促进协同网络内企业家的要素配置能力与创新绩效提升,由此使得集群外部经济增进具有动态性与内生性。此外,政府通过提供公共品,促进数字商务与产业集群协同发展,从而使集群外部经济增进可持续。     

The co‐development of economies and institutions

In this study, we model the Schumpeterian growth theory in a simple discrete‐time framework in which both economies and institutions need to be developed. Individuals need to borrow from an imperfect financial market to develop an economy. A government can adopt two potential strategies for improving the borrowing capacity of individuals and, as a result, enhancing economic performance: ‘the rule of law’ and ‘industrial policies’. We interpret market‐oriented reform in transition economies as a shift from ‘industrial policies’, exemplified at the extreme by the traditional planned economy, to ‘the rule of law’. The presented model shows that both strategies could be the best choice at different stages of development.     

基于4PL嵌入的产业集群升级理论模型与案例研究

现有研究表明,集群网络优化是产业集群升级的核心动力,知识密集型服务机构的嵌入能够促进集群网络优化。据此,提出通过嵌入4PL驱动产业集群升级。在界定集群升级形式、集群网络结构、4PL嵌入集群方式的基础上,构建了4PL嵌入→集群网络优化→集群能力提升的产业集群升级理论模型,并基于慈溪家电集群升级的案例分析,对理论模型进行了论证。     

基于知识交互的链式产业集群知识传播分析

基于产业集群中主体知识交互博弈这一微观作用机制,研究链式产业集群中知识传播的宏观行为。分析链式产业集群主体在知识学习效应、知识协同效应和网络互惠效应下的知识交互行为。应用演化博弈方法,分析集群中主体知识交互的内在机理和动态演化过程,以及影响链式产业集群中知识传播的重要因素。最后提出相关策略。