人才支撑产业与创新融合发展——文献综述、研究框架及展望

人才与产业、创新深度融合是强化现代化建设人才支撑的重要挑战,但人才支撑产业与创新的融合研究进展缓慢,后续发展方向亟待明确.基于文献计量和内容分析,对CSSCI和WOS核心数据库中 304 篇国内文献和 233 篇国际文献进行特征分析、关键词分析及内容分析,构建人才支撑产业与创新融合发展的研究框架.结果表明,该领域国内国际文献数量均呈增长态势,但有四层面问题:①对话层面缺少成熟的学术共同体;②理论层面存在理论体系未成型、研究议题零散化、研究对话不完善等问题;③方法层面缺乏固定的方法体系;④机制层面情境导向和实践导向不足,核心研究有待丰富.据此,从上述四方面反思该领域的问题现状并提出后续研究方向.     

2007-2011年国外企业孵化器文献计量分析

企业孵化器于20世纪60年代开始兴起,经过50多年的发展,企业孵化器作为推进技术创新的载体受到各国学界、产业界、政界的极大关注。本研究以国外期刊文献为数据源,采用文献计量分析法,对国外2007-2011年以来涉及企业孵化器各个研究领域的相关文献分别从发表年份、刊登期刊、作者合作度、研究方法等方面进行计量分析,并分别对发达国家、新兴工业化国家、发展中国家的企业孵化器的研究进行梳理,以便较全面地认识企业孵化器的发展趋势,为我国孵化器发展提供借鉴。     

技术管理研究的分布特征——整体观视角

以Web of Science数据库收录的发表于2006—2015年的808篇技术管理文献为研究样本,通过文献计量分析了技术管理研究的学科分布、学术期刊分布、地区分布、研究机构分布和高产学者分布,并通过绘制技术管理关键词共现知识图谱分析了当前技术管理研究领域分布。结果表明:整体观视角下的技术管理研究呈现出多学科交叉的特征,以管理理论为支撑、基于运营管理视角进行分析、在商业领域进行应用是当前技术管理研究的主流范式;技术管理的研究力量主要以发达国家为主,但开始向中国、南非和巴西等新兴经济体国家转移;整体观视角下,技术管理研究领域主要包括技术管理内涵研究、技术管理工具研究、技术管理教育研究、技术知识管理研究、创新管理研究和特定领域     

LED技术研究论文国际比较分析——基于文献计量

通过收集SCI收录的发表于1963—2014年的LED技术论文,利用文献计量和社会网络分析等方法,系统比较了中国与美国、韩国、日本、德国和中国台湾地区在LED技术论文发表数量、资助情况、发表机构、国际合作和论文影响力等方面的差异。研究结果显示:中国对LED技术研究非常重视,给予了大量项目支持;中国的LED技术论文数量不断增加,已位居全球第二;中国已在LED技术论文国际合作网络中处于核心地位,但论文影响力仍有待提高,国际合作有助于提高中国LED技术论文的影响力。     

美国纳米计划管理预算及发展战略

布什政府把国家纳米计划（NNI）指定为多联邦机构参与研发的计划,旨在通过各机构间的经费、研发以及基础设施等方面的协调,使联邦政府对纳米的研发投入回报最大化。自布什2001年进驻白宫以来,美国联邦政府给国家纳米计划的投入从2001财年的4．534G美元增至2008财年11．674G美元（以2001年美元值计算）,增长了158％。     

成长型资源城市绿色转型研究

资源型城市必须走绿色转型之路。绿色转型是以生态优先、绿色发展为导向的经济转型,其路径选择是一个摆脱传统发展模式向清洁、循环、低碳发展的递进过程,关键是选择在成长期主动转型,核心是优化资源型城市资源型产业发展路径。运用线性规划(linear programming)方法对成长型资源城市鄂尔多斯市的资源型产业发展路径优化分析得出,煤炭产业绿色转型不能只追求项目规模和经济增速,发展煤电及现代煤化工是煤炭产业绿色转型的最优路径,煤制气和煤制油是现代煤化工行业的最优路径。     

美国纳米技术的发展及战略部署

十余年来,美国政府对纳米技术的投入累计已超120亿美元,如果加上2011年近18亿美元的预算和2012年的21．8亿美元的申请预算,总额则达到1604L美元。2011年2月,奥巴马总统在《创新战略》中将纳米技术列为国家优先发展的战略领域,对纳米技术寄予厚望;NNI2011战略规划和“Nano2报告”为纳米技术的未来发展指明了方向。     

Mapping of scientific patenting: toward the development of ‘J-GLOBAL foresight’

The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) is in the process of building knowledge infrastructure by means of linking accumulated information assets to a variety of databases. It does not aim to develop knowledge data infrastructure based on proprietary format, but on an international standard format. JST is also in the process of creating ‘J-GLOBAL foresight’ [http://foresight.jst.go.jp (accessed June 2012)] in order to match up a variety of data such as results and indices of bibliometric analysis as well as of patent analysis derived from the knowledge infrastructure with applications like Google Maps and facilitate the visualisation of business information. This will contribute to help companies and institutions formulate business strategy based on the information obtained in the future. The former aims to be the bibliographic information version of the Data.gov, which discloses government data from the USA, while the latter seeks to be the Data-gov wiki version, which provides a demonstration by matching up governmental data with applications such as Google Maps.     

2000年以来棕地可持续再开发研究进展——基于可视化文献计量分析

棕地是可持续土地管理的潜在资源,棕地可持续再开发对改进城市环境和振兴经济具有积极影响。以棕地再开发的规划设计类文献为研究对象,基于Web of Science和CNKI数据库中“棕地”主题的论文统计,通过文献增长趋势对比和论文研究方向分布的分析,阐明棕地再开发在中国逐渐受到关注的现状,进一步根据“棕地再开发”的论文搜索结果进行主题、关键词和引文的共词网络分析和聚类分析,计量分析得出2个研究热点,分别是“棕地时空特点研究”和“棕地再开发分类和评价研究”。在未来相关研究中建议,利用地理信息系统收集整理棕地信息,并逐步建立数据库;加强棕地再开发效率上的研究,依据动态数据精细研究结果;完善棕地再利用评估决策体系和决策水平。     

法国纳米科技研发及产业化概况

纳米技术因其在众多领域的广泛用途及强劲的经济增长潜力,而被认为是未来技术创新的最基本工具和21世纪工业革命的发动机。许多国家的政府把纳米科技发展计划列为优先发展的战略技术领域。本文介绍了法国纳米科技研发战略、计划及政策措施、产业化现状及重点领域、R＆D资源现状,以及对法国纳米科技研发优势的分析。     

Conditional factors Pushing catch-up across developed and emerging countries in the nanotechnology sector, 2000–2010

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article is to test national and sectorial technological and innovation capability factors, as well as social capability indicators, which could explain a possible conditional convergence across countries in nanotechnology within the context of a model of innovative technological knowledge β convergence. Based on growth convergence models, our proposal also takes into account the Schumpeterian theory, the National System Innovation –NSI– approach, and particularly the sectorial system of innovation and the technological catch-up hypothesis, as well as theoretical and empirical literature on conditional convergence. The findings allow us to confirm that new nanotechnology knowledge convergence is conditioned by a higher growth rate of technological capabilities in nanotechnology: growth from the initial level of patents granted, cumulative knowledge, and links to technological and scientific activities. Finally, as regards social capabilities, only the institutional weakness variable (corruption index) associates negatively with β convergence. As an emergent paradigm, we realize that convergence and catch-up are starting processes, which could allow less technologically developed countries to benefit from higher growth of some of the factors identified.     

国外即兴研究的文献计量学分析

对国外即兴研究的进展状况进行了总结。以6个外文数据库——EBSCO、SAGE Premier、JohnWiley、Elsevier Science、Emerald和Taylor为文献检索源,对1991—2012年国外即兴研究文献进行检索。利用文献计量学方法对文献数量、发表期刊、主要作者和关键词进行统计分析,并利用文本挖掘方法、可视化软件Refviz以及信息熵方法对研究主题及其演化规律进行了分析。     

The Place of Uncertainty in Heterodox Economics Journals: A Bibliometric Study

Uncertainty is a common theme in heterodox economics. This article investigates how heterodox journals have been dealing with the concept of uncertainty. It relies on a bibliometric analysis to identify the concept of uncertainty in top heterodox journals and the genealogy of different heterodox meanings of uncertainty among those journals.     

Self-interest, self-restraint and corporate responsibility for nanotechnologies: Emerging dilemmas for modern managers

The recent developments in nanotechnology have simultaneously conjured up visions of utopia and dismal images of technological and biological catastrophes. Interestingly, the world of nanoscales has given rise to larger than life ethical dilemmas, challenging the basic assumptions that we hold about ethics, man-machine interface, adoption of new technologies and, fundamentally, the directions of human development. Given the divergence and uncertainties in the assessment of risks and benefits associated with nanotechnology, regulatory oversight in the future is likely to be partial and fragmented. Even where interests converge, the large time-frame needed for standardization of regulation coupled with the varying propensities of countries of the world to understand, assimilate and respond to risk issues increase the difficulties associated with creating appropriate regulatory regimes. In the absence of such controls, it may be necessary to rely on corporations behaving in a socially responsible manner by self-regulating when dealing with the conceptualization, development, use and disposal of nanoparticles. Caught between the reality and rhetoric, corporate managers need to manage trade-offs between corporate advantage and social responsibility in ways that may have a significant bearing on the survival of their firms and the future development of nanotechnology itself. This paper examines the tensions between the self-interest of corporations in exploiting the technology to bring innovative products to the market and self-restraint in exercising ethical choices to secure wider safety and salubrity in the face of scientific uncertainty and public insecurity