上游垄断背景下厂商提成特许策略研究

在原料供应厂商占据垄断地位的假设下,通过对比下游创新厂商提成特许前后的收益,对下游创新厂商的特许策略选择和创新激励进行了研究。研究结果表明:当技术创新规模较小时,下游创新厂商进行技术创新的激励增大,会对下游其他无创新的厂商进行技术特许;当技术创新规模较大时,下游创新厂商则不会进行技术特许。     

Balancing basic and applied research outputs: a study of the trade-offs between publishing and patenting

This study examines the relationship between academic publications and patents. First, we use regression models to investigate those factors that act as potential drivers when considering papers and patents individually. Second, we run a cluster analysis in order to test whether universities follow different patterns in the way they align their resources in regard to research objectives. The empirical application considers the Spanish public higher education system for the period 2006–2010. The overarching conclusion is that cross-fertilisation relationships between academic research and its commercialisation are found. There are, however, important differences in how universities are disseminating research results, particularly when we analyse the resources and capabilities universities possess. Results also stress the need to look at contextual and normative factors.     

More is better: evidence that joint patenting leads to quality innovation

Joint ownership of a patent is most often viewed by firms as a second-best option compared to single, monopoly ownership. However, the results of this article suggest that there may be reason for businesses and policymakers to incentivize joint patenting behaviour. This is because, joint patent ownership is found to positively impact the quality of an innovation (as measured by forward patent citations). In addition, the degree of quality increases with the number of patent owners. Since past research confirms the important links between patent quality and ongoing innovation, and between innovation and growth, those factors that impact patent quality are deserving of attention. Economic research on joint patenting is currently limited, but we hope to shed light on the importance of expanding dialogue on this topic.     

我国高校教师受基金资助论文产出与专利产出关系的实证研究

以2000—2004年期间获得我国自然科学基金工程与材料科学学部资助的250名高校教师为样本,运用负二项回归分析了其在受资助期间的论文发表数与专利申请数之间的关系。结果表明:高校教师的论文发表数量、发表论文质量、团队人数以及自然基金资助金额与专利申请数间存在正向关系。     

Losing the lead: the patenting decision in the light of the disclosure requirement

Empirical findings state that the disclosure requirement might be a reason for firms to rely on secrecy rather than patents to protect their inventions. We choose a dynamic framework in which we can explicitly analyze the patenting decision reflecting the tradeoff between a positive protective effect and a negative effect due to the required disclosure of the protected invention. In spite of a patent, the inventor's rival may still enter the market with a non-infringing product. Measuring the technological lead of the inventor by a time advantage he has compared with his rival, we show that if his headstart exceeds a critical threshold, he will not patent and rather rely on secrecy.     

Industrial interactions and academic patenting: evidence from German scientists

Using a unique survey of scientists at a large public research organization, this paper examines the effects of industry interactions on academic patenting. Two types of collaborations, industrial cooperation and consulting, are considered. Results show that both cooperation and consultancy increase the likelihood of patenting. However, only the positive influence of industrial cooperation stands up to robustness checks. Effects of personal, professional and institutional factors are in line with the literature, yet with some differences across cooperation and consultancy. Implications for research policy concerning academic patenting and challenges that industry may experience are discussed.     

The determinants of academic patenting by Italian universities

This work investigates the determinants of patenting at Italian universities. We test the effect of public and external funds, in terms of commercial activity by universities, towards the propensity of universities to file patents at the European Patent Office. We then estimate the effect of several variables referring to the contextual characteristics of both university and localisation. The results suggest that, while in the southern regions of Italy commercial income bears a negative effect on the patenting activity of universities, in the other regions we register an important positive effect. We moreover find that the adoption of internal university regulations relating to patenting and the fact of being embedded in an innovative region are factors that exert a positive influence on the university rate of application for patents.     

Academic faculty as intellectual property in university-industry research alliances

In this article, we consider a particular type of strategic alliance that is perhaps most difficult to operate: those involving universities and industry that are based in a university setting. We consider this type of research alliance because while we know they face formidable challenges in terms of property rights – with the academic faculty participating in these alliances constituting the ‘property’ – there is very little study of how to address these challenges. Accordingly, we review a number of literatures focused on the shared use of human capital, from management science, organizational behavior, and science policy studies, among others, emphasizing the incenting of collaborative, boundary-spanning research. We discern lessons from these literatures for incenting industry-focused research in university settings and make some recommendations for future research on university-industry research alliances.     

广西支柱产业中高校专利技术产业化研究

通过时广西高校在广西四大支柱产业中的专利技术产业化情况进行调查,分析了广西高校在专利技术产业化方面存在的问题,并提出了相关对策。     

Institutions, motivations and public goods: An experimental test of motivational crowding

Contributions to public goods can be motivated by intrinsic factors such as warm glow altruism and fairness, as well as extrinsic incentives such as sanctions and payments. However, psychological studies suggest that formal extrinsic incentives may crowd out intrinsic motivations. In an experimental study of individual contributions to a public good we find that suasion crowded in voluntary contributions, while an extrinsic incentive in the form of a regulation led to crowding out. This has implications for the design of public policy where ranges of motivations are present.     

组织激励与知识员工的信息产出

本文以知识属性为组织激励效果的调节变量,即当个体对知识属性的认知不同时,外生激励促进个体产生知识转移的内生动机的效果不同。以江苏省两家大型商业银行信贷部门员工为对象的实证研究（N=307）支持了本文的假设。本文为冯帆、廖飞和杨忠（2007）的理论模型提供了实证依据。     

Impact of patenting on firms' performance: an empirical investigation based on manufacturing firms in India

The study aims to estimate the impact of R&D expenditure and patenting on the performance of firms using productivity, profitability and Tobin's q ratio as the performance indicators. The study uses firm-level data of 489 high- and medium-technology firms during the period of 2000–2010. We employ relatively a new source of data particularly in the context of India, firm-level patent granted, that has not been explored earlier. The study finds that firms patenting result in productivity improvement of firms, whereas R&D expenditure does not. The study further finds the evidence of positive impact of patenting on financial performance of firm with significant differences between foreign and domestic firms.     

The patterns of patents in China

Innovations are a key driver of long-term economic growth. There has been an explosion of patent filings in China in the past three decades. But empirical studies on the pattern of innovations at the firm level are rather scant primarily due to lack of firm-specific patent data. We have made concerted efforts to match Chinese patent data with a large firm-level database. The matched dataset enables us to examine the patterns of patents at the firm level. Our analysis has revealed several interesting patterns: (1) domestic firms have become increasingly more innovative in terms of patent application; (2) private firms, rather than state-owned enterprises, have been the engine of innovation; (3) rising wages have propelled labor-intensive sectors to become more innovative; and (4) in response to increasing sex ratio imbalances, firms in female-intensive industries have exhibited more innovations than those in male-intensive industries.     

家族企业激励机制存在的问题与对策研究——基于温州模式的探讨

改革开放以来,中国家族企业不断发展和完善,但也不可避免的出现了一系列问题,尤其是在激励机制方面,长期以来员工的积极性得不到充分调动。以温州模式为例,对家族企业在员工激励方面存在的问题进行了考察,分析了其形成原因,并依据现代激励理论提出了系统的建设方案,以期改善家族企业高管人员和普通员工的激励现状,进而不断振兴和完善中国的家族企业。     

高校R&D与区域经济增长关系的实证研究

本文通过因子分析构造经济增长的复合指标,并利用2005—2006年我国31个省市高校R&D的相关数据进行回归分析和聚类分析。研究结果显示:高校R&D的专利授权对地区经济增长具有显著的促进作用,而研发的经费投入和人员投入对经济的推动作用不明显;高校的基础研究对地区经济发展至关重要;高校R&D的投入与产出不成正比,不同地区的高校R&D的经济效益差异较大,处于非均衡状态。因此,本文强调应在政策层面上重视基础研究,促进校企科研合作,提高研发经费的使用效率和研究人员的工作效率,加强区域协调,实现高校R&D与区域经济增长的和谐共进。     

Knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship: sectoral patterns in a sample of European high-tech firms

This paper studies the relative importance of prior knowledge and resources available to a startup at the time of its founding across technologies. Our analysis is based on a survey submitted to the founders of new innovative ventures patenting in the biotech, electronics and medical devices technologies. Our findings show that pre-entry knowledge about customers’ needs and characteristics, about the technology and about potential suppliers and competitors differentially affect the technological and market entrepreneurial choice of the surveyed firms. These results suggest the existence of patterns of entrepreneurial activities that are technology-specific.     

高校专利技术转化能力评价指标体系研究

回顾了国内外高校科研能力评价研究的现状;剖析了高校专利技术转化系统的构成要素;结合国内外相关研究设计了高校专利技术转化能力评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法确定指标权重。     

企业专利申请动机及其影响因素

针对多年来我国企业专利申请量持续增长的现象,在对现有文献和相关政策系统梳理的基础上,归纳总结了企业专利申请的动机———市场化动机、非市场化动机和战略性动机。以华为技术有限公司为案例,研究了该公司专利申请的内部激励因素。研究结果表明:知识产权制度、研发投入、奖励机制、绩效考评体系、知识产权管理体系、知识产权战略等是企业申请专利的主要激励因素。     

The moderation effect of workplace experience on innovation motivation: a study of STEM faculty in Singapore

While the topic on drivers of innovation has been intensely studied, most of the literature tends to examine motivators at a point in time with the assumption that they are stable. However, shifts in social and environmental contexts may change motivators of behaviour. In light of the discrepancy, this study uses the person–environment fit theory and examines innovation-stimulating work climate from the perspective of workplace experience. With a sample of 276 faculty members in two major universities in Singapore, we test the moderating effect of workplace experience on three motivators – peer influence, performance evaluation and resource access, and found that with increased workplace experience, the effectiveness of these environmental motivators diminished. Resource access and co-worker influence become less salient with the exception of evaluation, which remains important. The implications for university administration and academic training programs are discussed.     

基于新常态下功能需求的国家大学科技园评价指标体系

基于新常态下国家大学科技园的整合多方资源、辐射带动区域及高校等功能需求,利用扎根理论,结合政策解读和文献梳理,构建了包括支撑服务能力、核心功能绩效、创新绩效、资源整合能力和辐射带动能力5个维度的国家大学科技园评价指标体系,并将评价指标归类为基础指标、核心指标和特色指标,以体现评价体系的多层次和特色化。采用层次分析法和德尔菲法进行指标赋权,并进一步构建评价实施模型。对32家国家大学科技园进行评价,为主管部门评价国家大学科技园发展水平、指导园区建设、制定相关政策提供理论依据。