Contextual Richness in Teaching IB: Ethics,Language, and Social Factors

Internationalizing the business curriculum has been the subject of increased discussion and interest At the academic level, the realization of the need and the urging of accrediting bodies has brought forth internationalization efforts which vary from substantial to modest undertakings. This DaDer reDorts on a survey of business curriculum intemation'alization.&;ong ~J.s. business schbk. The results show a continuation of internationalization approaches similar to those reported in earlier studies. Also, approachis with a less immediate and direct impact on the business curriculum are being adopted, including the establishment of faculty exchange programs and international business centers.     

Facilitation Methods for Collaborative Modeling Tools

This paper presents results of an ongoing research effort to support effective user involvement during modeling and analysis meetings. Productivity and user participation of traditional group meetings have been limitations imposed by chauffeured facilitation and single-user tools. These tools have been designed for analysts rather than for direct use by non-analyst users. Recently, electronic meeting systems (EMS) modeling tools that allow users to work in parallel to contribute directly during meetings have been developed. Such tools allow more domain experts to participate directly and productively during model development meetings than is possible using the traditional approach. Although previous research has demonstrated that EMS modeling tools may be used to develop some model content, little research had been done on collaborative facilitation methods that employ these tools. This paper presents a comparison of modeling approaches for use with EMS modeling tools and proposes an approach that overcomes significant problems inherent in other approaches. It leverages the productivity enhancement afforded by direct group access and still results in production of complete, integrated, high quality models. This approach allows models to be developed two to four times faster than with traditional modeling support and yet avoids model ambiguities and inconsistencies.     

The Global Market for Power Tools

The global demand for power tools rose from $19.0 billion in 1999 to $22.8 billion by 2004 and is expected to increase to $29.2 billion in 2009. The annual rate of growth was 3.7 percent during 1999-2004; the projected rate during 2004-2009 is 5.0 percent. This reflects accelerating growth in developing regions, with the most promising opportunities occurring in Latin America, Africa/Mid-East, and Asia-Pacific. Electric tools (plug-in and cordless) dominate world demand, comprising three-fourth of shipments in 2004. Commercial users accounted for 70 percent and households for 30 percent of total sales, a ratio that should prevail during the coming years. North America accounted for 40 percent of total demand but for only 30 percent of production, as U.S. firms shifted operations to countries with lower wages. While hundreds of companies offer power tools, only a few firms hold significant market share. The leaders are Black and Decker (United States), Bosch (Germany), TechTronic (Hong- Kong), Makita (Japan), and Hitachi (Japan); together they accounted for 37 percent of global sales in 2004. JEL Classification L640     

The development of IB as a scientific field

International business (IB) is today an established field in business studies with two professional associations and numerous academic publications. However, it is much younger than many other fields in the management area. Although economists were focusing on international issues even before, it was not until after the Second World War that IB started to emerge as a scientific field. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this development from the early days up to the present time. In so doing, using a theoretical framework, it focuses on the organizing of the field, i.e. how early informal contacts eventually led to the formation of formal organizations, the launching of journals, and with the passage of time the publishing of handbooks. The paper provides empirical evidence of all these steps. In this way it presents data on significant contributions to the field.     

Avoiding digitalization traps: Tools for top managers

Digital transformation is fundamentally changing the business landscape. It is also affecting the roles of top managers within firms. Our survey of more than 160 senior managers in Europe suggests that digitalization, rather than encouraging more decentralized forms of management, will lead to an expanded role for headquarters and further empowerment of top managers. While acknowledging the benefits of the digital transformation, in this Executive Digest we identify five key challenges for newly empowered top managers and offer solutions for these digitalization traps.     

环境管理会计工具的特征化

在分析了当前外部环境报告自愿披露实践的局限性、企业当局环境责任和信息需求的基础上 ,提出了一个由货币—实物、时间分期、时间长度和信息搜集频次等维数构成企业内部环境管理会计 (EMA)特征框架 ,将目前EMA方法和工具进行分类。根据该特征框架 ,企业管理阶层可以按照特定的决策和责任背景选择合理的环境管理会计工具来控制环境影响。     

Quality improvement programs: Tools for international competitive advantage

There is growing concern about the long-run success of U.S. industries in the face of increasing foreign competition. Product quality is a strategic business issue. In an effort to gain competitive advantage, some firms are implementing organization-wide quality training programs. Many firms have still to recognize the benefits of a quality orientation, however. This article examines how quality programs are implemented in organizations. It considers factors leading to success in developing a quality orientation and compares the Japanese and American approaches. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

人民币升值压力下出口企业的融资选择

<正>随着我国加入WTO和经济全球化的扩张,我国企业面临着前所未有的发展机遇,同时也面临着巨大的风险和挑战。面对我国经济良好的发展态势,许多企业为了扩     

Deconstructung Design for Marketing: Tools for Accessing the Design Process

The fields of marketing and design share many common interests. In particular, marketers incorporate aesthetics to enhance the visual appeal of products and services in an effort to communicate more effectively with consumers. This essay serves to deconstruct the culture of design by emphasizing design process over a set of principles. Visual principles have limited use when applied outside the context of designing. The author, therefore, delves deeper into design and offers a set of tools that provide access and insight into the inner workings of design. These tools are intended to assist marketers in their effort to participate in design rather than spectate.     

Decoupling in international business: Evidence,drivers, impact,and implications for IB research

We argue that decoupling, defined as the process of weakening interdependence between two nations or blocs of nations, has been ongoing between China and the United States and is likely to accelerate, with major implications for IB and MNE strategies and management. We present data that the world has experienced deglobalization and China-US decoupling and discuss the dynamics underlying decoupling and their implications for IB. We propose an initial framework of variations in decoupling by industry characteristics, and we outline novel and important questions for IB research growing out of our analysis. We conclude with a brief exposition of possible alternative scenarios.     

Constructing Image-Based Culture Definitions Using Metaphors: Impact of a Cross-Cultural Immersive Experience

This study provides an approach to teaching and learning in the international business (IB) classroom about cultural values, beliefs, attitudes, and norms through the study of cultural metaphor. The methodology is based on established qualitative methods by using participants’ visual pictures and written explanations—representative of their initial perspectives of another culture—as units of analysis. Prior to and after a cross-cultural immersion experience in China, students are asked to contribute a tangible visual image of their impression of Chinese culture and briefly write about it. Upon their return, students are once again asked to submit another image of culture along with an additional written explanation in order to explicate their further understanding of culture’s role in cross-border interactions. Findings point to the increased capacity to construct redefinitions of culture based upon their experiences. They also reveal a glimpse into the ideas, imaginings, and attitudes of students as they attempt to make sense of unfamiliar world views, practices, and norms in light of the increasing interconnection in our world.     

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根据国家机床工具协会的分类,机床工具行业由金属加工机床（包括切削机床、成形机床）、铸造机械、木工机床、量刃具、磨料磨具、机床附件、机床电器七个子行业组成。机床的加工复杂度、