An evaluation framework for technology transfer of new equipment in high technology industry

With the rapid advancement of technology, product life cycle is shortening continuously. In order to compete against other firms in fiercely competitive global markets, a firm has to keep developing new technology to differentiate itself from others. The acquisition of new core-technology equipment is especially important for manufacturing advanced products, and the technology know-how of the equipment must be transferred completely from equipment supplier to engineers and operators of the firm to effectively utilize the equipment. The objective of this paper is to explore the technology transfer of equipment and to establish a comprehensive framework for evaluating and selecting new equipment with critical technology transfer. Influence factors for technology transfer of new equipment are first collected by literature review and interviews with related experts in the thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry in Taiwan. Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) is applied next to select the most critical factors. Then, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is employed to determine the interrelationship among the critical factors. A fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) model is constructed to evaluate the technology transfer performance of equipment suppliers. The results of this study should provide a base for firms in evaluating the purchase of new equipment and a reference for equipment suppliers to strengthen their technology transfer process to their buyers.     

知识溢出、吸收能力与本土供应商创新绩效——基于珠三角制造业企业的实证分析

笔者利用珠三角制造业企业调查问卷进行实证研究,重点考察吸收能力、知识溢出对本土供应商创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明:跨国公司的显性和隐性知识溢出对供应商技术创新有明显促进作用;供应商的吸收能力对知识溢出和创新绩效有正向调节作用,即供应商的吸收能力不仅有利于其技术创新,而且强化知识溢出对其创新绩效的促进作用;隐性知识溢出在吸收能力的正向调节作用下,对创新绩效的作用更明显。此外,笔者对国内市场导向和出口导向型供应商进行了分组检验。     

技术并购企业创新绩效影响因素研究——以中国高端装备制造业为例

以2013—2017年中国高端制造业发生的技术并购事件为对象，展开技术并购企业创新绩效影响因素研究。结果表明，企业间关联关系、技术吸收能力和目标企业绝对知识规模对技术并购企业创新绩效有正向影响；并购双方相对知识规模和上市时长对技术并购企业创新绩效有负向影响；企业间关联关系、技术吸收能力会弱化并购双方相对知识规模对企业创新绩效的负向影响。基于此，建议我国高端装备制造企业发展到成熟阶段后，可以通过技术并购开展创新活动；在并购中，并购企业要根据自身技术吸收能力选择绝对知识规模合适的目标企业；继续提高研发投入强度，增强并购后的技术整合能力。     

绿色战略供应商的优选模型研究

环境与资源日益成为人类生存与发展的制约因素,根据企业的具体目标,运用多目标规划对供应商进行优选,从而得出企业最终要选择的供应商.以ABB公司的供应商的优选为案例,将文中的模型进行具体应用,通过目标规划模型的求解得出其绿色战略供应商的组合和相应的采购数量.     

供应商关系的公司价值鉴证效应

文章以中国制造业上市公司为研究对象,考察了外部审计鉴证是否可以替代内部关系治理来提升供应商关系的价值创造效应。研究发现,紧密的供应商关系显著提升了公司的价值,同时也降低了企业对高质量审计鉴证服务的需求,但这种需求的降低并没有弱化供应商关系对公司价值的提升作用,说明内部关系治理与高质量审计鉴证服务存在替代效应。同时,随着外部制度环境的改善,上述替代效应会减弱。文章为理解外部审计鉴证与以关系治理为主要特征的转型经济社会中的关系网络如何联合影响公司价值创造提供了更为直接的经验证据,从外部审计鉴证的视角进一步丰富和拓展了关系型交易影响公司价值的研究文献。     

核电装备制造业供应商分类研究

构建了我国核电装备制造业供应商分类的理论模型,以供、求双方企业能力与合作意愿的契合程度作为准则,确立核电装备制造业供应商分类研究的量化指标体系。基于对国内某家大型、重点的核电装备制造企业及其60家有过完整合作记录的供应商进行问卷调研和深度访谈,应用系统聚类的分析方法对样本供应商进行聚类分析。实证研究的结论表明,以企业能力与合作意愿的契合程度（包括供应商企业能力与合作意愿的契合程度;采购商企业能力与合作意愿的契合程度）作为准则、以及据此建立的指标体系进行供应商量化分类研究,与理论模型对现有供应商类型划分的结论一致,即,将我国核电装备制造企业的供应商划分为供方主导型、需方主导型、战略型及松散型四类,显现了核电装备制造业供应商管理的特殊性,强调了供应商合作意愿的重要性,为我国核电装备制造企业供应商的分类管理提供了依据。     

供应商集中度的路径依赖与战略应对——基于创业板上市企业的实证分析

以资源依赖为理论基础,以2009—2012年在中国创业板上市的企业为研究样本,运用TOBIT分层线性回归方法,研究了供应商集中度的路径依赖效应以及企业并购次数、企业地区多元化和行业竞争强度的调节作用。结果显示:供应商集中度存在路径依赖效应;企业采取外部并购和地区多元化等战略应对措施可以减弱供应商集中度的路径依赖效应;当行业竞争强度较高时,供应商集中度的路径依赖效应增强。     

创业板上市企业社会责任履行对创新绩效的影响

企业社会责任与创新绩效之间的关系是社会责任研究领域一个备受关注的话题。创业板上市企业履行社会责任不但可以得到公众认可,还可以从各利益相关者处获得提升创新绩效不可或缺的资源。以创业板上市企业为样本,研究二者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)就货币层社会责任而言,创业板上市企业履行对股东的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效和创新财务绩效,而履行对债权人的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效但影响不显著,且负向影响创新财务绩效;(2)就人力层社会责任而言,创业板上市企业履行对员工的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效、负向影响创新财务绩效,就社会层社会责任而言,创业板上市企业履行对顾客的社会责任负向影响创新技术绩效、正向影响创新财务绩效,履行对政府的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效但影响不显著,且负向影响创新财务绩效,履行对供应商的社会责任负向影响创新技术绩效、正向影响创新财务绩效。     

基于供应商创新性开发的绿色产品创新绩效提升策略研究

供应商参与绿色产品创新对制造业绿色发展转型意义重大。基于组织匹配理论，揭示制造企业在不同供应商组织适配条件下，均能有效激发供应商绿色创新性，进而提升绿色产品创新绩效的供应商开发策略。来自中国制造业195个样本的实证研究结果表明，企业可以通过直接或间接绿色供应商开发激发供应商绿色创新性，进而提升绿色产品创新绩效，但不能同时使用直接和间接绿色供应商开发；当供应商的组织适配主要表现为兼容时，可根据实际情况选择直接或间接绿色供应商开发，同等条件下优先考虑直接绿色供应商开发。当供应商的组织适配主要表现为互补时，应采用直接绿色供应商开发，避免使用间接绿色供应商开发。     

Using a design structure matrix to support technology roadmapping for product–service systems

In light of the increasing trend of the use of the product–service system (PSS), tools that can help to analyse complex relationships among products, services and technologies and furthermore support decision-making during their planning are needed. To meet these needs, this study proposes a design structure matrix (DSM)-based technology roadmap (TRM) approach and a case study on mobile services is conducted. While PSS planning may involve a number of teams and organisations, the DSM-based TRM can help with such complex collaborative technology planning and hence lead to better performance. Methodologically, this is one of the first attempts to link DSM and TRM, both of which are widely used in planning stages, and thus is expected to contribute to the advances in TRM methodologies. In practice, this study describes an overall roadmapping process for the PSS, thus providing worthwhile guidelines available to organisations that are in charge of the TRM.     

联盟控制机制与知识获取：伙伴选择的调节作用

基于中国209家制造商以及944家供应商的问卷调查，采用阶层线性回归的实证方法，分析契约控制和关系控制对供应商知识获取的作用，并将公开选择和社会选择两种联盟伙伴选择方式作为两种控制机制共同作用的边界条件进行研究。结果发现，契约控制和关系控制均能促进联盟知识获取，两者之间是替代的关系；公开选择增强了这种替代效应，社会选择减弱了这种替代效应。     

Partial Ownership Induces Customised Investments Under Repeated Interaction: An Explanation of Japanese Manufacturer‐Suppliers Relationships

A dominant manufacturing firm often holds partial shares of its suppliers, and the suppliers are willing to make investments customised to the manufacturer. Furthermore, this type of manufacturer‐suppliers relationship is often long‐term and stable. This paper provides an explanation for this phenomenon by modelling repeated interaction between a downstream manufacturer and upstream suppliers. In the model, the manufacturer could avoid, by partially owning a supplier, hold‐up problems which would arise from the supplier's customised investment. The model distinguishes between two sources of appropriable quasi‐rents, and yields new empirical predictions concerning the relationship between appropriable quasi‐rents and vertical integration.     

Unveiling the core technology structure for companies through patent information

Patent information provides an objective and public source to understand core technologies of companies. In this paper, a method is proposed for identifying core technology capabilities for a company in the semiconductor industry. The method is built on the patent similarity and K-means clustering algorithm. The indirect relations among the patents in the complex industry are considered in the method. In addition, the age of the patent is taken into account to avoid identifying aged core patents. The method is demonstrated by exploring the core technology capabilities that support the platform technology portfolio of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC).     

IT投资对我国机械制造业上市公司技术效率的影响分析

将IT投资作为投入要素和企业特征变量,基于SFA模型和DEA-Tobit模型分别构造了6个模型,以2004—2008年我国机械、设备、仪表制造业上市公司为样本,就IT投资对我国机械制造业上市公司技术效率的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明:SFA和DEA在测算技术效率方面具有较好的一致性,"生产率悖论"仍然存在;两种视角下测得的技术效率具有显著差异,且在SFA中,作为企业特征变量的IT投资的影响大于其作为生产要素的影响,这在DEA中情况正好相反;企业规模与技术效率正相关,企业资产负债率和企业年限与技术效率负相关,股权集中度与技术效率的关系不显著。     

以时间为基础的质量管理实践与企业绩效间关系的实证研究

以中美制造企业为调研对象,通过问卷调查收集数据,运用结构方程模型实证分析了以时间为基础的质量管理实践——预防性维修、供应商整合、工程再造计划和拉动式生产等与企业绩效的关系。研究结果表明:供应商整合、工程再造计划和拉动式生产对企业绩效产生直接的正向影响,其中拉动式生产的影响最显著;预防性维修、工程再造计划和拉动式生产通过影响供应商整合对企业绩效产生间接的正向影响,其中工程再造计划的影响最显著;实施拉动式生产和工程再造计划可提升企业绩效。     

CVC投资模式对大公司技术创新绩效影响的实证研究

公司风险投资（Corporate Venture Capital,简称CVC）通常发生在技术变革快速、竞争激烈的行业。大公司利用CVC,可以获取新技术、开拓新市场、识别新机会和发展商业关系,在实现公司技术创新绩效战略目标的同时提升财务绩效。由于投资动机、组织者背景和机制等不同,在实践中形成的不同CVC投资模式在不同程度上影响着大公司技术创新绩效。基于CVC投资模式对技术创新绩效的作用,提出研究假设,并以CVC比较活跃的腾讯、阿里巴巴等12家上市公司2013-2018年参与的918个CVC投资事件为样本,采用T检验和单因素方差分析方法,就CVC投资模式对技术创新绩效的影响进行实证研究。结果表明：①不同CVC投资模式对大公司技术创新绩效的影响存在显著差异;②联盟模式对技术创新投入与产出的影响显著优于附属创投和委托投资模式;③大公司应结合自身资金、经验和风险承受能力选择相应的CVC投资模式。     

出力不确定下基于保险机制的风电供应链 最优交易决策

随着新一轮电力体制改革的日益推进,参与电力市场竞争是消纳风电等可再生能源的必经之路。由于风电出力受风速等自然条件影响,出力具有较强不确定性,导致其实际出力难以预测,使得风电商参与电力市场面临巨大的收益风险。合理地转移风电商的市场风险,引入有效的风险规避机制,对提高风电商收益稳定性具有重要意义。因此本文基于电量损失保险机制,建立了风电商、售电公司以及保险公司的Stackelberg博弈模型,通过逆向递归法求解纳什均衡,分析保险费率与市场三方利润之间的关系,得出市场主体风电商、售电公司以及保险公司的最优交易决策。最后通过具体算例分析验证得出,引入电量保险机制,制定适当的保险费率,能够使风电商、售电公司以及保险公司三方利益实现共赢。     

非金融企业金融化后的财务绩效分析 ——来自中国制造业企业的实证研究

选取2007—2018年制造业上市公司的样本数据,分析制造业上市公司金融化程度对其自身财务绩效的影响.研究发现:上市公司进行金融化投资后,企业财务绩效表现变差;对制造业上市公司而言,其金融化投资水平越高,企业的财务绩效表现越差;无论是投资过度还是投资不足的实体企业,其金融化投资均与财务绩效显著负相关,而投资效率高的企业可以缓解制造业上市公司金融化带来的对财务绩效的影响.为了避免内生性问题,采用工具变量法、差分GMM和系统GMM模型对制造业上市公司金融化水平与财务绩效之间的关系进行回归检验,发现二者之间的负向关系依旧显著.为了确保本文研究结论的稳健性,改变了金融化测算方法,继续对制造业上市公司的金融化水平与财务绩效进行回归,研究结论依旧成立.     

Technology roadmap through fuzzy cognitive map-based scenarios: the case of wind energy sector of a developing country

In this research, a national-level wind energy roadmap is developed through scenario planning. Multiple future scenarios are developed using the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach. This research has extended technology roadmapping (TRM) through FCM-based scenario analysis. Building scenarios with FCM is a new approach, and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, FCM-based scenarios are developed for the wind energy sector of a developing country. Based on these multiple scenarios, a TRM has been developed. Scenario planning and TRM techniques are combined in this study. This research approach is applied to the wind energy sector of Pakistan as a research case. The TRM has four layers: strategic objectives, targets, barriers, and action items. Expert judgement is used to develop scenarios and TRMs.     

Dealing with the dynamics of technology roadmapping implementation: A case study

Nowadays, companies are facing many challenges. The product life cycle is getting shorter while the complexity and the demand for product customization are increasing. Technology Roadmapping (TRM) has been widely used as a strategic management tool to help organizations in effectively identifying potential products or services for the future, determining proper technology alternatives, and mapping them with resource allocation plans. With the completion of TRM implementation, any organization can be assured that its required technologies and infrastructures will be ready when needed. Implementing TRM as a part of the ongoing strategic/business planning process is challenging because it may affect the organizational work process, structure, and culture. Therefore, an organization needs to understand how the changing roles and responsibilities of key players involved in the TRM process match with the dynamics of TRM implementation in each stage. This paper illustrates the dynamics of TRM implementation and presents a case study to demonstrate how one of the leading building product manufacturers in the ASEAN region went through the process.