小型污水源热泵系统运行实验研究

介绍了小型污水源热泵系统实验装置在冬季供暖运行和夏季制冷运行实验情况,测试了运行工作时实验系统的COP、污水温度变化情况、室内外温度变化情况和冷凝器和蒸发器进出口温度变化情况以及其他各种参数。实验结果表明,该小型污水源热泵系统具有较高的COP和良好的使用性能,节能效果十分显著。     

小型污水源热泵系统运行实验研究

介绍了小型污水源热泵系统实验装置在冬季供暖运行和夏季制冷运行实验情况,测试了运行工作时实验系统的COP、污水温度变化情况、室内外温度变化情况和冷凝器和蒸发器进出口温度变化情况以及其他各种参数。实验结果表明,该小型污水源热泵系统具有较高的COP和良好的使用性能,节能效果十分显著。     

河北保定高速某服务区蓄联热泵清洁供暖技术改造研究[JP]

为了提升空气源热泵低温环境中的热效率,解决热泵冬季易结霜、故障率高等问题,提出一种利用相变蓄能装置将空气源热泵和水源热泵组合的蓄联热泵技术。以河北保定高速某服务区蓄联热泵的改造工程为例,设计了蓄联热泵系统改造方案,并将蓄联热泵联合供暖系统的实际运行数据与位于同一地区、相似建筑中使用单一热源供暖的空气源热泵系统运行数据进行对比,考察供水温度、室内温度、单位供暖面积的耗电量和COP值等因素的变化情况。研究结果表明,在相同室外气温、相同单位面积供暖热负荷的条件下,蓄联热泵供暖效果更稳定,室内温度更高,蓄联热泵每平方米耗能相比空气源热泵低15.5%,综合COP提高了20.68%,静态投资回收期为11.89年。蓄联热泵清洁供暖技术具有一定的可靠性和经济性,适用于低温持续时间较长的偏远山区等寒冷地区,研究结果对蓄联热泵的推广具有重要的借鉴意义与应用价值。     

农村户用分体式地源热泵系统运行特性分析及应用——以邯郸地区某示范项目为例

为了解决京津冀地区农村冬季采暖存在的环境污染问题,以邯郸地区示范项目典型农宅为例,提出了一种新型的分体式地源热泵系统。首先,利用TRNSYS软件建立分体式地源热泵系统模型,模拟分析了系统的长期运行特性;再通过费用年值法和污染物排放量计算,对比分析该地区常见的4种采暖方式的经济性和环境效益;最后选出最合理的运行系统。结果表明：1）分体式地源热泵系统运行高效且稳定,运行期间系统COP达3.5以上,热泵机组COP达4.0以上;2）在间歇运行方式下,土壤平均温度一年的降幅为0.8%,十年的降幅为3.6%;3）在4种采暖方式综合对比下,分体式地源热泵系统运行费用较低且环保性较好。分体式地源热泵系统的运行性能研究为户用分体式地源热泵系统在京津冀地区典型农宅的应用推广提供了参考借鉴。     

过冷器前节流中间补气空气源热泵性能模拟研究

为了解决空气源热泵在低温工况下性能衰减、排气温度过高和制热不足等问题,以过冷器前节流中间补气空气源热泵循环系统为研究对象,建立了以带补气单螺杆压缩机为热力系的循环理论数学模型,给出了中间平衡补气压力的计算流程,并对系统参数进行了模拟计算。结果表明：与不补气压缩系统相比,补气对系统COP、制热量的提升具有明显作用;压缩机的补气口越靠近吸气结束位置,系统性能参数越好;在蒸发温度-25 ℃情况下,补气与过冷器过冷侧液体出口的温差降低6 ℃,压力损失系数从0.42增加到0.82,COP提升了14%左右。因此,在能够保证过冷器正常运行的情况下,尽可能减小补气口与过冷器过冷侧液体出口的温差,尽量减少补气过程中的压力损失,有利于补气热泵系统性能的提升。研究结果可为过冷器空气源热泵系统的设计提供理论支持。     

阶梯可调毛细管组件的应用研究

为实现设备出厂后毛细管组件可以根据现场工况阶梯调节,保证每台空调器工作性能达到最优,开发一种新型阶梯可调毛细管组件。对毛细管组进行了优化组合,确定了毛细管组件的尺寸。实验测得基于阶梯可调毛细管组件的2匹小型地源热泵在不同工况下的制热量与COP,较同型号的单一毛细管机组的制热量和COP最高可提高15%。     

污水源热泵在某工程中的应用

空调冷热源的设计在空调系统中占有至关重要的地位。从某综合楼空调系统冷热源设备选型出发,描述了污水源及污水源热泵的特点,分析了污水源热泵在该工程中的应用,并提出了利用"污水源+板式换热器"替代冷却水塔提供冷却水的方法,从而为污水源热泵的选用和污水源的有效利用提供了理论依据。     

直膨式太阳能/空气源热泵在独立建筑采暖中的应用研究

为了提高空气源热泵采暖系统的热效率,开发了可同时吸收太阳辐射和空气中热量的直膨式太阳能/空气源热泵（DX-SASIHP）机组采暖系统。利用Matlab软件以多元非线性回归方法建立了DX-SASIHP机组的半经验数学模型,并利用TRNSYS 17软件二次开发功能建立新模块（TYPE 200）,在新模块的基础上建立DX-SASIHP机组和空气源热泵（ASHP）机组采暖系统的地板辐射仿真模型。对DX-SASIHP机组和ASHP机组在典型采暖季中的制热量、耗电功率、COP值和建筑热舒适性指标等进行对比分析,结合实测数据验证了模型的准确性。结果表明： DX-SASIHP机组采暖季月平均制热量相比ASHP机组增长17.15%;采暖季累计耗电量相比ASHP机组下降12.89%;月平均COP值相比ASHP机组增长21.38%。DX-SASIHP机组运行期间可以营造热舒适Ⅰ级的建筑环境,室内温度、PMV和PPD等建筑热舒适指标均优于ASHP机组。研究成果拓展了TRNSYS 17软件的应用范围,验证了DX-SASIHP机组在独立建筑中的实际运行性能和采暖热舒适性效果,可为今后在农村清洁能源采暖中推广DX-SASIHP机组提供理论依据。     

一种基于余热回收的CO2污水源热泵系统设计与性能研究

CO2属于环境友好型制冷剂,其跨临界循环非常适用于热泵系统。通过对自然工质物性和CO2污水源热泵专用活塞压缩机不可逆损失的研究,构建了带节流阀和带膨胀机的2种单级CO2污水源热泵系统数学模型,开发了一套CO2单级热泵循环性能分析平台。该项目拟设计一种高效稳定的CO2污水源热泵系统,实现城市污水低温余热的回收再利用,既符合社会可持续发展的要求,同时也是节能减排的重要组成部分。     

狼兽舍土壤源热泵系统运行特性研究

由于动物兽舍洞口为敞开式,围护结构保温性能较差,导致动物兽舍耗热量大,兽舍温度低,为达到兽舍需求的温度,并减少常规能源消耗,文章以狼兽舍为例,通过DeST软件对狼兽舍热负荷进行模拟分析,根据提出的峰值热负荷标准值以及土壤热物性参数计算打井深度及数量。利用TRNSYS软件分别模拟地源热泵系统在井间距5,6,7 m时的系统运行情况和土壤温度变化,结果表明当井间距为5 m和6 m时,土壤温度较低,无法满足系统长时间运行,当井间距为7 m时,土壤温度稳定在14.5℃,源测回水最低温度为6.03℃,供回水温差为4℃左右,系统运行效果最佳。因此对于狼兽舍土壤源热泵系统,满足供热需求的最佳井间距为7 m,井深为100 m,打井数量为20。研究结果为解决兽舍耗热量大,温度低等问题提供了解决方案,应用前景广阔。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.     

论传统旗袍文化与现代时装

中国的旗袍文化蕴含着非常丰富的文化内涵和设计思想,如今旗袍的普及受到一定的限制,只有经过改良,才可变局限性为可行性,才可使旗袍焕发青春,走向新时代。     

望峰岗矿井贯通测量技术分析

在深部开采矿井两井间贯通测量时,利用加测陀螺定向边和用四架法代替传统的三架法测量,分析了由起始边的方位角误差引起的支导线终点误差及由测角量边引起的导线终点的点位误差.     

工程施工质量控制和管理要点

提高施工中质量管理工作水平，为公司今后发展打下良好基础。     

高油价影响我国经济

从2004年初以来，国际油价急剧攀升，文章分析了原油价格居高不下的原因，对未来油价的走势及其对我国经济的影响和冲击进行了预测，面对这种情况我国必须采取应对措施：树立节能消费理念；促进技术创新，推动产业升级；建立石油战略储备、推出原油期货、推动多元化战略等。     

亲油性纤维材料性能及应用

纤维素纤维是自然界广泛分布的天然纤维,像法桐球果纤维、木棉纤维、杨花纤维、蒲公英绒纤维,都是纤维素纤维,纤维具有吸油快、吸油量大、拒水的性能特点,纤维不易进行纺织生产加工,但可以作为海面吸油材料使用,并且加工方法简单,吸油效果好。     

Optimizing receiver performance using harm claim thresholds

More and more systems need to be squeezed together in frequency, space and time in order to satisfy the growth in demand for radio services. However, greater proximity increases the risk of service breakdowns caused both by poor interference tolerance in receivers and by inappropriate signals radiated by transmitters.     

Broadband expectations and the convergence of ranks

Broadband Internet service to widely held to be a significant contributor to economic development and global competitiveness, and comparison of adoption rates across countries are common. This paper presents evidence that the relative broadband Internet adoption ranks across the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (“OECD”) countries are converging to the wireline telephone adoption ranks in the mid 1990s. This was a time when wireline telephone service had reached maturity, but before consumers began to abandon traditional telephone services for mobile services and Internet telephone technologies. As such, in the absence of better data on household adoption, wireline telephone rank is a useful proxy for a country's ultimate fixed-line broadband penetration rank. Having such an educated guess available regarding broadband rank should reduce the amount of anxiety over rankings, since similar rankings across the two services implies suitable broadband performance. Large departures, alternately, may be a cause for concern or delight. Like prior analyses, the findings suggest that the adoption of communications services is largely an economic and demographic issue.