农业非点源污染控制与管理分析系统及其应用

以Bower和Hufschmidt提出的流域管理和水资源管理系统为基础,建立了农业非点源污染控制与管理三维分析系统.该系统分为3个层次即农业非点源污染控制与管理的过程层次、要素层次和活动层次,包括45个单元块.系统中的每一个层次代表了实践中农业非点源污染管制问题的不同断面或处理层次.系统中的45个单元块基本涵盖了农业非点源污染控制与管理问题的全部内容,为研究不同流域农业非点源污染管制提供了一个共同的分析平台,弥补了目前理论分析和实际问题研讨中缺乏系统性的不足之处.     

浙江省农村污染管制政策研究

浙江省农村污染问题的成因是农村经济粗放式发展与城乡二元体制下农村环境管制缺失之间的矛盾.本文的博弈分析表明:上级政府的财政支出对基层政府作为有积极影响,政府管制有效性直接影响企业排污行为选择.因此,一方面应当提高管制有效性,从而提高企业违法成本;另一方面应当加强环境财政支出,实行污染分类管制,政府协助分担污染治理成本.     

生态经济价值下政府生态管制政策手段的创新与完善

生态经济的价值理念对政府生态管制政策提出了新的要求,这就是必须按照生态经济的价值理念与经济增长方式实行有效的政策控制与政府生态管制。传统的生态管制存在着四个方面的缺陷。政府自身往往成为生态问题的始作俑者。生态价值下政府生态管制政策手段要实现四个转变。生态价值表现在经济活动与决策中更多的是一个价值冲突问题,政府生态管制的许多配套政策内容需要进一步增加和完善。     

排污权交易市场构建中的问题与对策研究

与传统的排污管制、排污收费制度相比,排污权交易在解决环境污染问题方面具有诸多优点,是运用市场机制控制污染的有效手段。然而,构建我国排污权交易市场还面临着认识方面误解、市场要素缺失和政府作用弱化等现实问题。在分析这些现存问题的基础上,提出相应对策,以加快我国排污权交易市场的构建。     

放松管制与重新管制：中国企业债券市场稀薄状况溯源

中国企业债券一级市场是一个稀薄的 (thin)市场 ,市场的卖方稀少。本文从政府管制的角度入手 ,分析了这一稀薄状况的产生和延续的原因 ,回答了政府为什么对企业债券一级市场放松管制和重新加强管制 ,政府应用了什么手段进行管制以及这种管制所造成的影响等问题。     

我国注册会计师管制模式及改革思路

1.我国注册会计师管制模式。我国所实行的注册会计师模式是典型的政府管制模式,这表现在以下两个方面:(1)通过法律确定注册会计师行业的法律地位。(2)政府机构对注册会计师行业实行完全控制和监督。尽管我国实行的是政府管制模式,但与法、德等国家的政府管制仍存在很大的差别,在效率上低于西方发达国家的政府管制,这     

会计信息与政府管制

作为社会管理者的政府，各种经济政策的制订和各种管制行为，都离不开会计信息的支持。本文在分析会计信息对政治决策影响的基础上，着重讨论了政府管制的主要原因是由于会计信息市场缺陷的存在，如外部性、公共物品、以及信息不对称等，并对政府管制的主要实现手段、可能存在的政府缺陷、以及政府缺陷的修正问题作了研究。     

政府如何放松管制和提高管制效率

管制行为是国家干预经济的重要手段。近年来,政府管制的理论经由芝加哥大学法律经济学派(Lawand Economics)的倡导,正广为世人接受。同时,经济社会合作组织(OECD)努力推广政府管制在各国实际层面的运作与改革。事实上,政府管制是政府直接对微观主体的经济活动做出限制性的规定。中国作为市场经济刚刚起步的国家,市场发育还很不成熟,政府管制仍然是保障经济健康运行的重要手段。目前,经济运行中出现的政府“缺位”和“越位”的问题,使得针对政府管制的讨论日益激烈。问题的关键是,政府管制要与政府职能转变相结合,改变政府的某些错位现象,…     

浅议区域供电企业政府管制途径

政府管制实际上是政府用规范的手段,在垄断行业建立起一种符合各行业特点和社会要求,不同于竞争性产业的一种管理秩序.本文从区域供电企业角度出发,对电价、电力产品质量、电力服务和电力安全四个方面规范管制的路径进行了分析.最后,围绕电力价格管制进行了案例分析.     

政府如何再造环境管理职能

外部性理论被公认为是环境经济学的基础性理论。它揭示了环境问题产生的根源,也为环境外部性问题提供了解决思路和方案。推动政府的环境管理职能进行一场更为符合环境管理本质要求的改造。政府环境管理职能再造的必要性管制失灵一直以来,管制手段都是政府环境管理的传统手段和主导手段。管制手段因市场失灵和政府干预而生,其受到青睐的原因在于,     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.     

Why rationality may be a consequence of Hume's theory of choice

Facing R. Sugden's criticism of our interpretation, it is shown in this paper that rationality appears as a possible consequence of Hume's theory of choice. We first argue that Sugden's dismissal of the preference relation from the type of rationality through which Hume's theory is apprehended, is highly disputable, from the point of view of both standard choice theory and Hume's theory of passions. Nonetheless, Sugden's criterion of rationality might be restated in Humean terms as a condition of non-revision of preferences in the dynamics of passions. But, since the process of choice that we have described explicitly takes into account the revision of preferences, and shows that, when this last is no longer required, rationality occurs as an outcome of this process, it is not really concerned by Sugden's criticism.     

Team Dynamics Where Followers Have Illusion about Guide

A team is assigned to accomplish a task in each infinitely-repeated period. The guide of the team and his followers are allowed to have asymmetric productivity; also the followers have either a hostile or favorable illusion toward the guide. Respective efforts and the followers’ illusion are private information. At the end of each period, the output of the joint task emerges and the followers evaluate the guide. The analysis shows (1) that potential for an unreasonable evaluation suppresses the guide’s effort down to an average level; (2) letting the followers inform the guide of their illusion in advance increases both sides’ payoffs; (3) abolishing the evaluation reduces both sides’ payoffs in general; and (4) however, if the magnitude of the followers’ hostile illusion weighted by its relative probability is enormous, abolishing the evaluation increases the output and the guide’s payoff.     

US Hegemony and the Origins of Japanese Nuclear Power: The Politics of Consent

This paper deploys the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and consent in order to explore the process whereby nuclear power was brought to Japan. The core argument is that nuclear power was brought to Japan as a consequence of US hegemony. Rather than a simple manifestation of one state exerting material ‘power over' another, bringing nuclear power to Japan involved a series of compromises worked out within and between state and civil society in both Japan and the USA. Ideologies of nationalism, imperialism and modernity underpinned the process, coalescing in post-war debates about the future trajectory of Japanese society, Japan's Cold War alliance with the USA and the role of nuclear power in both. Consent to nuclear power was secured through the generation of a psychological state in the public mind combining the fear of nuclear attack and the hope of unlimited consumption in a nuclear-fuelled post-modern world.