Time Perspectives in International Joint Ventures:

This paper recognizes a new era for international joint ventures (IJVs) in which venturers must agree to center the venture's efforts in developing new products, regardless of its previous primary purpose. After the reasons behind the cyclical evolution in the purposes and motivations of the venturers is reviewed, the paper argues that time is a multi-dimensional variable which every organization enacts in a unique fashion. IJVs must entrain the respective time reckoning systems of the partners if the venture is to avoid strategic and operational difficulties. Assuming that the venturers' temporal asymmetry yields asynchrony in the venture, the venturers' divergent time horizons are used to demonstrate the likely impact on marketing issues. This concept extends the literature on problems unique to IJVs by identifying an element which will help assess the compatibility of potential IJV partners throughout the life cycle of the venture's industry as well as provide a neutral issue on which all entities may operate for better results in all phases of the industry's life cycle.     

优化木薯干流程 减少流程启动时间

日照港木薯干皮带机系统共有11条皮带机和11台除尘器,启动顺序为11台除尘器启动后依次启动11条皮带机,启动时间较长。针对存在的问题对木薯干皮带机系统启动顺序进行了优化,减少了皮带机流程启动时间,提高了生产效率。     

国际电子商务立法的发展进程及特点

电子商务是21世纪全球经济最大增长点之一,国际电子商务立法是当前国际关注的重点。本文从电子商务立法的早期和高速发展期分析电子商务立法的发展过程,国际电子商务立法的主要内容及特点。     

基于RCA和"国家钻石"模型对我国茶叶国际竞争力的分析

茶产业是我国的一个传统优势产业,但是近年来我国茶叶的国际竞争力持续下跌,本文通过计算显示性比较优势指数(RCA),比较我国与发达国家在茶叶国际竞争力上的差距;利用迈克尔·波特的"国家钻石"模型理论,从我国茶叶的要素禀赋、国内需求、相关产业和产业组织四个方面,分析在竞争力上形成差距的原因;并从上述四个方面提出提高我国茶叶国际竞争力的政策建议.     

Innovation,Creativity and Success

This article explores the role of innovation in small and medium sized firms, in relation to the firm's success. After a discussion of the relationship between success, innovation and creativity, some possible backgrounds of creativity and innovation are presented. For one part these are of a personal nature, like the entrepreneur's values, attitudes and level of education. For another part they concern institutional aspects of the firm.After the development of a number of hypotheses these are empirically checked with data from a survey among 200 entrepreneurs in six countries. In the appendices some details of the data and variables may be found.     

领导成员交换与员工创造力：情感机制的中介作用

情感是员工创造力的重要前因,而已有文献结论存在不一致,且未深入地探讨影响员工情绪的组织情境因素。文章依据情感事件理论,分析和检验了领导成员交换、积极/消极情感与创造力的关系,以及组织创造力支持感的调节作用。通过分析442对主管〖CD*2〗下属配对样本,结果表明：积极情感和消极情感在领导成员交换与创造力关系之间起部分中介作用;组织创造力支持感正向调节积极情感与创造力的关系,而对消极情感与创造力关系的负向调节作用不显著;最后,高的组织创造力支持感还调节积极/消极情感在领导成员交换与员工创造力关系间的中介作用。     

研发费用会计处理国际研究启示

随着数字化时代的来临 ,企业的研发费用支出比重越来越大 ,而各国对研发费用的处理不尽相同 ,我国的研发费用准则亦未出台。通过对研发费用处理的国际研究 ,以改进我国研发费用的会计处理。     

买方便面的故事

“你必须随时站在不同的观点看事情。”这是希区考克对导演工作的一个形容。 因为导演的任务，是在荧幕上重建真实。他说：“戏剧就是人生，只不过把无聊的，不相关的全部拿掉了。剩下来的是什幺？剩下的才是观众真正在乎的。”     

The Impact of Time Pressure and Information on Negotiation Process and Decisions

The amount of time available to reach an agreement, information about a negotiator's own position, and information about the opponent's position were manipulated in a simulated contract negotiation. As in decision making research, time pressure in negotiation was expected to decrease response time and change response strategy. Information was expected to be an advantage to negotiators when clarifying their preferences but a disadvantage if information about competing opponent interests was present. Results supported this expectation. Different patterns of concessions and in concessions and inconsistencies were found under high and low time pressure and type of information.     

农村“草根银行”运作模式的国际比较

通过对孟加拉国的格莱珉银行、印度尼西亚人民银行的乡村信贷系统、玻利维亚的阳光银行,以及拉丁美洲的乡村银行的运作机制进行比较分析,从中总结出农村小型机融机构发展的内在规律,可以为我国农村金融组织创新、发展农村"草根银行"提供借鉴。     

"国际静安"指标体系的形成和内容

2006年7月份,中共静安区委在七届九次全会上提出了“高起点、外向型、国际化”的发展思路。在这之后,12月份左右的时候,区委又进一步在这九个字的基础上提出了未来静安的发展要坚持“双高战     

Just the Right Amount of Ethics Inspires Creativity: A Cross-Level Investigation of Ethical Leadership,Intrinsic Motivation,and Employee Creativity

Based on ideology-infused psychological contract theory and cognitive evaluation theory, this study investigated the curvilinear relationship between ethical leadership and employee creativity. A curvilinear mediation model was proposed to explain the impact of ethical leadership on creativity, using employee intrinsic motivation as the mediator. Applying a two wave sampling design that consist 258 employees and their leaders, we found that employee creativity improved as ethical leadership increased from low to moderate levels. However, the employee creativity improvement was attenuated when ethical leadership increased from moderate to high levels. Furthermore, the study also revealed that employee intrinsic motivation partially mediated this curvilinear relationship. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Advertising Creativity: The Role of Divergence Versus Meaningfulness

Creativity is seen as an essential component of advertising and is continuing to attract research interest. While there is widespread agreement on the value of creativity, there are two different perspectives on the key components of creativity. One perspective sees creativity as primarily divergence, containing elements of novelty, aesthetic representation, newness, and difference. The second includes, in addition to divergence, the concept of meaningfulness (or appropriateness or connectedness) to the consumer. This view argues that if an advertisement is not meaningful then it simply is not creative. We attempt to find some empirical resolution to this issue. Our findings indicate that divergence is indeed an important element of creativity. Meaningfulness, however, while certainly very important to ad effectiveness, appears to be a distinct and separate construct from creativity.     

国际货币体系改革与人民币国际化

国际货币体系改革与人民币国际化现已成为必然趋势,并形成相动关系。国际货币体系改革需要经历三个阶段,而人民币国际化在内外动因的作用下,面对基本条件欠缺和国际化程度较低的现实,尚需要通过层次深化的三个阶段和空间扩展的三个步骤方能走完整个历程。     

时间价值与国际自由贸易新论

时间是一个特殊的经济学变量,时间投资的正确与否将影响收益的大小。而把时间投资中的新概念——时间机会成本和边际时间机会成本引入国际自由贸易中,以时间投资收益和时间机会成本的大小为标准,来分析贸易双方的利益得失和分配,将使国际自由贸易的发展方向更加明确化。所以这种全新的分析模式将为国际自由贸易理论的研究开创美好的未来。     

成本的广义化趋势与国际贸易的“全成本”观

成本是使用或耗费各类资源要素而引起的代价或价值牺牲。形成成本的资源要素具有本质上的有用性、数量上的稀缺性、归属上的产权性和计量上的价值性。导致成本发生的经济资源不仅包括劳动、资本、土地、管理等传统要素,而且包括制度、生态环境、"可持续性"等新兴要素,成本的承担主体可能有企业、政府、社会乃至后人,其他支付方式包括货币或非货币支付、直接或间接支付、自己(本国)或他人(他国)支付等。从本质上说,国际贸易是产权的跨国(或地区)转移,它会通过种种途径和机制影响各国的生产、消费、经济社会制度、资源要素流动、生态环境乃至今人和后人的生活水平,其间发生的成本包括了由生产成本、交易成本、环境成本和代际成本构成的"全成本"。比较优势是国际分工与贸易的基本动因,其本质是对商品成本的相对比较。因此,"全成本"才是形成一国参与国际分工与贸易的比较优势的基础。     

The Determinants of Green Product Development Performance: Green Dynamic Capabilities, Green Transformational Leadership, and Green Creativity

Because no previous literature discusses the determinants of green product development performance, this study develops an original framework to fill the research gap. This study explores the influences of green dynamic capabilities and green transformational leadership on green product development performance and investigates the mediation role of green creativity. The results demonstrate that green dynamic capabilities and green transformational leadership positively influence green creativity and green product development performance. Besides, this study indicates that the positive relationships between green product development performance and their two antecedents—green dynamic capabilities and green transformational leadership—are partially mediated by green creativity. It means that green dynamic capabilities and green transformational leadership can not only directly affect green product development performance positively but also indirectly affect it positively via green creativity. Hence, companies have to increase their green dynamic capabilities, green transformational leadership, and green creativity to enhance their green product development performance.     

Governance in the Participative Organisation: Freedom, Creativity and Ethics

Organizations in changing environments need to become flexible, responsive and participative. We develop an understanding of governance in these organizations by drawing analogies between organization theory and theories of non-linear dynamics. We identify freedom and creativity as driving principles in 'chaotic' participative organizations, and explore the ethics of their exercise within organizational communities of practice, communities of discernment and communities of commitment.     

香港对外贸易与经济增长和产业结构升级——“一国两制”和改革开放的成功结合与实践

对香港1987～2007年时间序列数据单位根检验的基础上,验证对外贸易、经济增长与产业结构三者之间的Granger因果关系.研究发现,香港包括港产品出口、转口和进口在内的对外贸易与经济增长之间存在双向Granger因果关系;同时经济增长与产业结构之间也存在双向因果关系.通过对香港的研究进一步发现,香港地区对外贸易与经济增长,经济增长与产业结构之间能互为因果形成较好的经济运行状态,很大程度上得益于"一国两制"在香港的成功实践与内地改革开放的成功结合.