多元智能理论:英语教学应用探索

本文阐明了多元智能理论的涵义,探讨了多元智能理论对教师教学的启示,并说明了其在英语教学中的应用途径。     

Towns (and villages): definitions and implications in a historical setting

The measurement of urbanization rates and other uses of statistical information, for example the use of historical town growth to measure long-term economic growth, are usually based on an ad hoc population threshold to define and practically classify settlements as towns. The method, however, trades off accuracy and precision for convenience and simplicity. This paper proposes a new threshold that uses the town size distribution together with agricultural data to derive an appropriate cutoff value. The relevance of agricultural income is integrated into the classification scheme through the differential effect of local agricultural endowments on settlement size. The threshold is chosen such that the size of towns above the cutoff is statistically not influenced by local agricultural endowments, while the size of villages, which is below the threshold, is indeed shaped by them. This new approach is practically demonstrated with an application to the urban system of the nineteenth century in the German region of Saxony. This setting is used to investigate the relevance of a different classification for the development of urbanization over time and Gibrat’s law. The results demonstrate that the underlying classification scheme matters strongly for the conclusions drawn from historical urban data. They also indicate that the use of a common population threshold for a comparative analysis or temporal comparisons in a historical context increases the misclassifications of settlements.     

西部资源富集区新农村建设的路径选择

社会主义新农村建设的关键是"使制度正确",节约农村发展中的交易成本.在制度建设的基础上设计社会激励结构,形成新农村建设的激励和治理机制,激励新农村建设中各经济主体调整发展机制和战略,从激励、能力、组织和制度上解决先进或适用生产要素、社会保障向农业或农村转移.     

构建中国现代农村社会管理体制的路径选择——基于社会转型期存在的问题

我国新农村建设中面临诸多的社会问题。构建我国现代农村社会管理体制,必须依法整合乡村关系,实现“乡政村治”的良性互动,有效地协调好“两委”关系,充分发挥各自应有的功能,完善村民自治制度,维护广大农民的民主权利,扩大社会管理的主体,培养农民参与意识。     

制度环境、路径选择与经济绩效——基于中国农产品流通市场化进程中制度变迁的理论与实证分析

农产品流通市场化改革,是一个巨大而深刻的制度变迁过程,是效益更高的市场经济制度结构替代计划经济制度结构的过程.正式制度环境与非正式制度环境的协调统一、相互融合是市场经济制度结构得以确立和维持的内在本质要求.农产品流通市场制度变迁的方式只能是在政府领导下局部推进、双轨过渡,体制内与体制外相结合,逐步向市场经济过渡.     

制度创新：政府应对合法性危机的路径选择

为应对合法性自身所具有的递减趋势,政府通过意识形态的力量来相应地降低选民们对公共利益的需求并进而实现合法性危机的化解,当然是一种相当不错的选择;然而由于意识形态本身所固有的一些特点的影响,以意识形态的策略来应对政府合法性的危机,实践中只能作为一种辅助性的手段加以利用,促进经济发展才是政府应对合法性危机的根本手段。由于经济发展又是建立在有效率的制度基础之上的,因而为了有效地避免因竞争失利而导致自身的合法性危机加重,实践中政府就有必要通过各种途径进行制度创新,并借此促进经济的健康持续增长以及获得提供公共物品的必要与强有力的经济支持。     

依法推进东乡族双语教学模式的路径选择

国家的政策法律、东乡县特殊的地理位置和语言环境决定了东乡族双语教学不能搞一刀切,分层实施是依法推进东乡族双语教学的理性选择。东乡族分层实施双语教学不仅有法律和政策依据,也有前期的实验成果可资借鉴。分层实施是指在东乡县以东乡语为交际语的幼儿园以东乡语为主开展相关教育教学活动;在以东乡语为交际语的山区小学的1-3年级学生以东乡语为主进行相关教育教学活动;在以国家通用语言文字为交际语的山区、乡镇和县城学校以国家通用语言为主进行教育教学活动。     

Sales force leadership during strategy implementation: a social network perspective

Many new marketing strategies falter in the execution phase where managers fail to make frontline employees fully committed to implementing the new initiatives. While formal managers can apply transformational and transactional leadership behaviors to increase salespeople’s strategy commitment, peers can also exert a great deal of informal influence on salespeople. Building on recent social network perspectives of leadership, this paper investigates the interplay between the sales manager’s leadership styles and peer effects during the implementation of a new strategy in a large sales organization. The authors find that salespeople with high network centrality but low strategy commitment not only lower their peers’ commitment but also hurt the effectiveness of a transformational manager. Specially, the influence of a central salesperson becomes stronger when the sales group has lower external connectivity. However, sales managers’ transactional leadership can decrease the non-committed central salesperson’s influence over peers.     

Exploring historical economic relationships: two and a half centuries of British interest rates and inflation

In this paper, we use new data and modern time series econometrics to reassess the relationship between interest rates, prices and inflation in Britain across the two and a half centuries from 1750 to 2006 for which reliable data are available. We pay particular attention to monetary regimes that may lead to breaks in the relationship and to associated shifts in the stochastic structure of interest rates and prices. The behaviour of real interest rates is examined in detail and estimates of the expected real rate are calculated using a variety of methods to check for robustness.      

零售业务：商业银行业务拓展的重要路径

我国商业银行零售业务发展的策略选择应是：从银行长远发展的战略高度，重视零售业务的发展；准确选择战略定位，分步实施；完善商业银行零售业务经营管理架构；树立市场营销理念；加强零售业务品牌建设等。     

中国国有企业战略转型机理:内涵、路径和模式

从转型表现形式、发展路径和实施模式三个方面分析国有企业战略转型基本内涵,提出两种方向的转型路径,构建基于转型方式及影响程度的四种国有企业战略转型实施模式,阐述路径和模式的关系及作用。研究发现,战略动机、转型方向、转型模式、战略效果及其相互作用是决定国有企业战略转型的重点,核心在于模式之间的全过程动态转化。     

设立法定机构:平潭台湾区域对接的路径选择

当前平潭综合实验区开放开发正迈向新的层次,在两岸特殊关系背景下,平潭综合实验区在与台湾区域合作过程中面临着新的困扰和问题。通过设立兼具公共性和经营性的法定机构,创新合作机制,将平潭综合实验区行政部门负责的一些公共管理事务交由法定机构实施与管理,可以有效规避当前两岸关系中的敏感性问题与障碍,有效推进平潭与台湾区域之间的对接与合作。     

Interactivity in the electronic marketplace: An exposition of the concept and implications for research

It is widely recognized that a better understanding of interactivity and its implications is essential for facilitating research focused on the emerging electronic marketplace. However, deficiencies persist in our understanding of this important concept. Building on research in various fields of study (e.g., information systems, marketing, and computer-mediated communication), this article presents a conceptualization of interactivity from a marketplace perspective that is missing or inadequately articulated in the literature. Specifically, interactivity is conceptualized as a characteristic of computer-mediated communication in the marketplace that increases with the bidirectionality, timeliness, mutual controllability, and responsiveness of communication as perceived by consumers and firms. The article concludes with a research agenda focusing on issues relating to measurement, conceptual refinement, and management of interactivity in the electronic marketplace. Manjit S. Yadav (yadav@tamu.edu) is an associate professor of marketing and Mays Research Fellow, Department of Marketing, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from Virginia Tech. His current research focuses primarily on strategic issues related to the Internet and the electronic marketplace. He has published in a number of journals including theJournal of Marketing Research, the Journal of Consumer Research, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, andSloan Management Review. He is a member of the Editorial Review Board of theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science and theJournal of Interactive Marketing. He is a recipient of the Faculty Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching (Mays Business School, Texas A&M University). He cochaired the American Marketing Association’s Faculty Consortium on Electronic Commerce held at Texas A&M University. Rajan Varadarajan (varadarajan@tamu.edu) is a distinguished professor of marketing and holder of the Ford Chair in Marketing and E-Commerce in the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University. His primary teaching and research interest is in the area of strategy. His research on strategy has been published in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theAcademy of Management Journal, theStrategic Management Journal, and other journals. He served as editor of theJournal of Marketing from 1993 to 1996 and theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science from 2000 to 2003. He currently serves on the Editorial Review Boards of theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of International Marketing, theJournal of Interactive Marketing, and other journals. He is a recipient of a number of honors and awards including the Academy of Marketing Science Distinguished Marketing Educator Award (2003), the American Marketing Association Mahajan Award for Career Contributions to Marketing Strategy (2003), and the Texas A&M University Distinguished Achievement Award in Research (1994).     

Expanding understanding of service exchange and value co-creation: a social construction approach

According to service-dominant logic (S-D logic), all providers are service providers, and service is the fundamental basis of exchange. Value is co-created with customers and assessed on the basis of value-in-context. However, the extensive literature on S-D logic could benefit from paying explicit attention to the fact that both service exchange and value co-creation are influenced by social forces. The aim of this study is to expand understanding of service exchange and value co-creation by complementing these central aspects of S-D logic with key concepts from social construction theories (social structures, social systems, roles, positions, interactions, and reproduction of social structures). The study develops and describes a new framework for understanding how the concepts of service exchange and value co-creation are affected by recognizing that they are embedded in social systems. The study contends that value should be understood as value-in-social-context and that value is a social construction. Value co-creation is shaped by social forces, is reproduced in social structures, and can be asymmetric for the actors involved. Service exchanges are dynamic, and actors learn and change their roles within dynamic service systems.     

全面落实现代教育理念，开创思想政治工作的新局面

教育理念是人们追求的教育理想。科学的教育理念是一种远见卓识,它能正确地反映教育的本质和时代的特征,科学地指明教育前进的方向。因此,在教育工作中倡导全面落实"以学生为主体",这是高校思想政治工作的核心,是现代大学教育理念的实质。本文主要从四个方面阐述了全面落实"以学生为主体"的途径,为学生工作者在思想政治工作方面提供了参考。     

基于跨国公司的区域集群技术演进路径及优化措施——以广东东莞IT制造业集群为例

广东东莞IT制造业集群的经验表明,本地集群能否借助外资实现技术升级与可持续发展,除了受地方要素成本及集群外部效应的影响之外,还受到本地企业与外资企业的技术差距、外资企业的性质、技术结构等多种因素的影响。如要更好地利用外资的技术外溢效应推动本地集群的技术升级,就必需在加大教育培训、提升本地企业的研发能力等方面多做努力。     

银川城管:探索城乡市容环卫一体化新路

市容环境卫生如何适应城乡一体化发展的新形势?银川的探索值得借鉴。该市在有条件的城镇和农村引入城市化市容环卫管理体制,构建长效管理机制,最终形成以城区带动乡镇、城镇带动农村继而覆盖全市的市容环境卫生城乡一体化管理体系。     

粮食换保障--我国粮食主产区农村社会养老保险的模式创新

通过对参保情况的实地调查,认为以"粮食换保障"的参保模式可以成为粮食主产区社保扩面的一条可供选择的路径。另外,考虑到市场风险与政策因素的影响,文章对实施"粮食换保障"的具体实施方案进行了系统的论证,并提出相应的预警措施。     

金融发展途径:研究进展及对中国金融发展的启示

现代主流金融发展理论认为,明晰的产权安排、良好的法律制度及其执行效率,有助于金融体系完善功能,提供良好的金融服务,进而成为金融持续发展的关键.经济的市场化和政府管制构成了改革开放以来我国金融快速发展的主要原因.导致我国金融业出现问题的最根本原因在于金融体制改革滞后,即国家垄断的、间接融资为主的金融制度已经不能适应经济发展中的多元产权结构的需要,不能满足不同类型的经济主体的投融资需要.我国金融发展应着力于完善金融功能,以及效率型金融结构的构建.