The impact of bullwhip on supply chains: Performance pathways,control mechanisms,and managerial levers

Even though few empirical studies have tried to actually explicate the relationship between the bullwhip effect and performance of the supplier firm, there exists a common perception for over 30 years among both practitioners and academics that the bullwhip effect naturally results in decreased firm profitability. Anecdotal evidence further suggests that this decline in profitability arises from a decline in operational performance. However, the results of our study, which empirically examines the bullwhip effect across supply chain partners through an analysis of 383 actual customer base-supplier dyads, challenge this commonly held position by suggesting that while traditional bullwhip often yields reduced ROA, it ultimately has no relationship with the firm's operating margin. Additionally, our results also call into question whether or not production coordination between customers and suppliers can minimize the need for inventory and capacity buffers, which are the two commonly utilized methods for battling the bullwhip effect. Thus the relationship between bullwhip and firm performance is far more nuanced and complicated than previously believed. We also show how the managerial bullwhip levers of coordinating production across supply chain partners, or deploying inventory and capacity buffer control mechanisms, can help maximize a firm's performance along different dimensions.     

Sustainable Development in Supply Chain Management: The Role of Organizational Learning for Policy Implementation

Implementing sustainable policies in supply chains is a significant challenge for businesses. Recent evidence has shown that failure to manage supply chains responsibly can have significant impacts on firms' reputation and financial performance. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework, which focuses on organizational learning, and outline specific channels through which firms can generate learning processes and build appropriate capabilities to successfully implement social and environmental supply chain policies. Drawing on 57 in‐depth interviews from a cross‐sectional sample of seven UK and nine German companies, we empirically assess our conceptual framework in accordance with a grounded, in‐depth case study analysis approach. We find compelling evidence to suggest that organizational learning is an important factor for a successful implementation of sustainable supply chain management. Organizational learning is often established as a result of training, knowledge acquisition, stakeholder engagement and collaboration between intra‐organizational and inter‐organizational partners, including suppliers and NGOs. Nonetheless, our results also emphasize that firms often have few systematic processes through which organizational learning is developed, and that such learning processes are often ad hoc at best, which in turn has significant implications for the responsible supply chain practices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

基于Witness的供应链系统的仿真设计与改善

文章介绍了供应链中的“牛鞭效应”以及Witness的基本应用,讨论了在供应链系统中利用Witness软件进行仿真的方法．采用了由钢铁公司、钢材服务中心、部件生产商和汽车厂所组成的供应链结构进行仿真,整个供应链和供应链上各节点的订货提前期和运输时间是所介绍的模型中的主要供应链绩效指标。通过模型的运行结果分析出供应链系统中的“瓶颈”和导致“牛鞭效应”出现的原因．从而提出缓解牛鞭效应的对策,并通过设置模型中的参数对供应链系统进行改善,以缓解“牛鞭效应”．     

Investigating effects of organisational culture and learning on environmental collaboration and performance of Korean exporting firms

This paper presents an empirical study of the effect of organisational culture and learning capability factors on environmental collaboration and performance in green supply chains. A conceptual model and variables were derived from organisational culture, learning, and collaboration theory and tested with Korean exporting firms. Learning capability was found to positively affect environmental collaboration as staff behaviour, attitudes and learning about environmental practices in a focal firm can be increased from suppliers and customers and then disseminated internally. Further, environmental collaboration was found to positively affect environmental performance due to a focal firm sharing these learned capabilities about the environment with other supply chain partners. However, organisational culture was not found to positively affect environmental collaboration. The findings suggest firms can improve environmental capabilities and performance through shared learning with supply chain partners and ensuring they are internally disseminated in the focal organisation.     

信息共享条件下的牛鞭效应降低方法

牛鞭效应是供应链管理中一个常见的现象，在寻求解决降低和消除供应链中这一现象中，普遍提出了信息共享来降低和消除牛鞭效应。即使在信息共享的条件下，我们依然不能完全消除牛鞭效应，以及供应链中各个主体的危害。本文从lee，etc．在解释供应链存在的需求预测所带来的牛鞭效应原因出发，寻找信息共享条件下降低牛鞭效应的可行途径。     

供应链中的牛鞭效应问题研究

牛鞭效应是供应链中一类典型的由不确定性导致的复杂现象。牛鞭效应对企业的效益甚至整个国家的经济会造成严重的影响，多年来一直受到人们的关注。减小供应链中的牛鞭效应是实现供应链管理的关键，也是提升供应链企业竞争力的有效方式之一。论文在介绍了牛鞭效应的基本概念及其危害的基础上，对引起牛鞭效应的原因进行了分析。最后针对每种根源讨论了减小牛鞭效应的可行对策。     

供应链管理中的“牛鞭效应”及对策分析

"牛鞭效应"是在供应链中,每一个供应链节点企业的信息都有一个信息的扭曲,并且这种扭曲程度沿着供应链向上游不断扩大,使订货量的波动程度沿供应链不断扩大。为尽量弱化"牛鞭效应"对供应链的影响,近年来,国内外许多学者对此进行了研究。本研究在对"牛鞭效应"原因分析的基础上,提出了几点消除"牛鞭效应"的对策。     

供应链中“牛鞭效应”的管理

概述了供应链管理中的牛鞭效应,阐明了牛鞭效应对供应链管理的危害,通过对供应链上各个环节和操作方式进行深入的分析,找出了形成牛鞭效应的原因,最后针对牛鞭效应的成因提出供应链管理中对牛鞭效应进行控制的一系列措施。     

供应链库存成本降低措施研究

从牛鞭效应、最优批量等几个方面分析了影响供应链库存成本的因素，然后综合这些影响因素，提出了供应链库存成本降低措施，即选择合适的供应商、推行JTT采购方式等，以提高供应链效率。     

供应链牛鞭效应的形成机理分析

由于信息扭曲,供应链中的牛鞭效应给经营商、零售商、成品生产企业、零部件生产企业都带来严重的影响,使各种相关企业所掌握的市场信息严重失真,作出错误的市场决策,从而极大地影响企业的赢利。因此,有必要对牛鞭效应的形成机理进行剖析。文中运用经济学的知识对供应链牛鞭效应进行分析与解释,最终从影响供应链牛鞭效应的根源——组织结构方面分析供应链牛鞭效应的形成机理。     

订单驱动模式下的供应链牛鞭效应分析

"牛鞭效应"是现代供应链管理的一个重要问题,它广泛地存在于供应链结构中。主要讨论订单驱动模式下供应链中的"牛鞭效应",构建订单信息共享模式下供应链模型,并对模型进行分析。     

牛鞭效应及其信息一体化的VMI的对策

本文介绍了供应链需求放大现象“牛鞭效应”产生的原因及其对供应链的影响，并提出了基于信息一体化VMI是减弱牛鞭效应的有效的途径和方法，可以有效的降低供应链库存成本。     

基于RFID技术的物联网对于牛鞭效应的减弱

通过分析牛鞭效应产生的原因,发现其妨碍供应链高效运作的瓶颈。针对这一问题,构建合理的物联网系统,以及对应的基于RFID技术的智能仓储系统,使连续性盘点策略的效率大大提高,将信息在仓储环节的滞后降到最低,从而有效地减弱了牛鞭效应。     

信息共享对供应链牛鞭效应减弱效果分析

首先讨论了供应链中由于信息的不共享性而产生的牛鞭效应。其次讨论在两级供应链中下游零售商,在面临需求平稳时,采用指数平滑法进行短期需求预测,量化分析了一个供应商和一个零售商的简单供应链中零售商和供应商在需求信息预测阶段和信息处理阶段的牛鞭效应,得出建立供应链企业信息共享系统,可以显著减弱牛鞭效应带来的负面影响。接着对案例企业构建企业信息共享系统作出讨论,对构建策略进行了一定的探索。     

TPL与精柔协同供应链集成运作弱化牛鞭效应

通过构建TPL与精柔协同供应链集成运作的模型,对供应链中的牛鞭效应进行全面弱化。首先,给出Lee(1997)提出的牛鞭效应的五个成因,回顾了国内外学者做出的主要研究;然后,构建模型,并对模型的运作机理进行了分析;最后,深入分析了Lee提出的牛鞭效应的五点成因,并论证了模型可以通过减弱这五点成因,从而全面有效地弱化牛鞭效应。     

供应商供给策略形成的牛鞭效应分析

在采用满足市场需求经营策略下，针对供应链上成员共享与没有共享信息的情况，我们分别给出了供应链上各成员为满足用户需求而对最终产品需求进行预计的模型，利用所建立的模型讨论了该经营策略形成的牛鞭效应，并指出了供应链上每往上游前进一步，最终产品需求预测放大的数量。最后，讨论了信息共享对控制该种策略下牛鞭效应的效果。     

供应链中的“牛鞭效应”探究

＂牛鞭效应＂是供应链中的一种普遍现象,它是指供应链中难于预测的需求的波动幅度沿着链条自下往上不断加大的状态。它严重影响了供应链的整体运作水平,多年来倍受人们的关注。在介绍＂牛鞭效应＂的概念及造成危害的基础上,分析了＂牛鞭效应＂产生的原因并提出了相应的解决方法。     

供应链中牛鞭效应成因分析及其应对措施

在供应链管理中,常有诸如供应缺乏、作业不均衡、成本过高等现象,引起这些问题的原因有许多,牛鞭效应则是原因之一。牛鞭效应会造成供应链上的信息失真,其危害是显而易见的。因此,如何正确认识牛鞭效应的产生原因并提出有效的对策就具有非常重要的意义。本文在揭示牛鞭效应产生原因的基础上,就如何最大限度的降低牛鞭效应的负面影响提出了具体措施,以此来保证整个供应链的正常运转。     

案例研究——牛鞭效应的系统动力学分析

利用系统动力学的方法和仿真软件Vensim,对Y公司K产品的供应链上的牛鞭效应进行了建模与仿真。针对该供应链上牛鞭效应显著的实际情况,提出了缩短订单延迟时间,延长库存调节时间,采用供应商管理库存的综合解决方案,仿真结果表明该解决方案能在一定程度上减轻牛鞭效应的影响,研究结果可为Y公司的实际生产组织提供决策依据。     

Learning curves in collaborative planning,forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) information systems: An empirical analysis from a mobile phone manufacturer

While Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) information systems have been increasingly deployed to improve supply chain operations in a cross section of industries, the extant literature has largely overlooked the learning effects within organizations, thereby resulting in incomplete assessment of their business value. Using an operational-level panel data for nine product lines over 2.5 years, we empirically examine the learning curves in CPFR between Motorola, a mobile phone manufacturer, and one of its U.S.-based national retail partners. We found that the two key components of CPFR, collaborative forecasting (CF) and collaborative replenishment (CR), exhibit distinct learning curves. Forecast accuracy improves immediately following CPFR implementation but the rate of improvement slows over time, whereas inventory levels increase at first and begin decreasing after a period. Further, we found different learning effects in terms of inventory levels when products are later replaced with new form factors. Product replacements have lower inventory levels than their antecedents, at least for low-end products. We discuss important implications for theory and practice at the interface of information systems and operations management.