浅谈我国高职教育考试方法的现状与存在问题

近年来,我国的教育改革取得了巨大的成就。职业教育作为一种教育的类型,越来越受到政府的重视与支持和社会的认可与关注。研究职业教育考试方法,是解决职业教育发展过程中关乎人才培养质量的重要课题。本文通过对问卷调查的总结,概括了我国职业教育考试方法的现状和存在问题,并力图对高职教育现有的考试方法提出一些探索性意见和建议,以期得到其它职业院校同仁的指导。     

Creativity strategy selection for the higher education system

As one of the major developing locations that are playing a critical role in determining the national competitive advantage to accomplish the Taiwanese national goal of becoming a Republic of Creativity (ROC) and a kingdom of innovation, Taipei County has started to become a highlighted issue by both researchers and practitioners. Because a higher education system is at the core of generating innovation in a nation, how to prompt the creativity of higher education system in Taipei County has been one of the top concerns for the Taipei County government. Therefore, the aim of this study is to select critical creativity strategies that were developed by the Taipei County government for the higher education system to implement creativity improvement and enhancement. Based on the results, the most effective creativity strategy is Creative Intelligence. The higher education system in Taipei County is encouraged to improve and enhance creativity in accordance with the results so as to enhance the Taiwanese innovation level and fulfill the Taiwanese national goal of efficiency.     

Present and future: a trend forecasting and ranking of university types for innovative development from an intellectual capital perspective

In today’s knowledge-based economy, by well intellectual capital (IC) managing to enhance innovative ability and performance has become critical as many nations struggle to gain sustainable competitive advantage. Knowledge, innovation, and IC are at a university’s core. Given its function of cultivating innovative assets, R&D researchers, hi-tech professions and interdisciplinary talent, universities have become a critical factor in building sustainable competitive advantages worldwide. The important role universities play is particularly essential in Taiwan. The hi-tech industry, as the most profitable industry sector, directly impacts the growth of the Taiwanese economy. However, as global competition in higher education becomes fierce, higher education in Taiwan is losing its competitive standing and global market share for students and, additionally, Taiwan is losing its overall competitive advantage in the global economy. Universities today face significantly unbalanced student enrollment numbers and several universities have failed to keep operating from late 2008 to 2009. In order to understand both current and future development trends in higher education and to conquer above difficulties, it has become crucial to understand the manifestation of innovative development with respect to IC for different university types. In this regard, the aim of this study was to explore the rankings of five university types in terms of innovative development from an IC perspective and to provide recommendations for future improvements, taking basic development trends into account. Trend forecasting from Grey Model (GM) was initially used to investigate and forecast current and future Taiwanese birth rates and the basic development trends of five university types. After that, VIKOR was utilized to rank the five university types in accordance with opinions from twenty senior experts with regard to IC. In agreement with the research findings, universities in Taiwan are encouraged to improve their innovative ability from an IC perspective in order to regain a sustainable competitive advantage globally in the future.     

The impact on the cultural diversity to employees' job satisfaction between mainland China and Taiwan: a comparison of Taiwanese invested companies

This study explores how the Chinese values (Integrations, Confucian Work Dynamism, Human-heartedness and Moral Discipline) impact employees' satisfaction (ES). Employees who work in mainland China for companies whose parent companies are based in Taiwan were surveyed. The results can be summarized as the following: ‘Integration’, ‘Confucian Work Dynamism’ and ‘Human-heartedness’ are significantly different between Taiwanese and Chinese employees, while ‘Moral discipline’ is not; Taiwanese employees have higher ES than Chinese employees; Taiwanese employees view ‘career planning’ is the most important, while Chinese employees think ‘management system’ is most important; For Taiwanese employees, ‘Salary and benefit’, ‘Working load’ and ‘Management system’ have effects on ES; Age and Education have effects on Chinese employees.     

校企合作“订单式”人才培养模式探索和实践

推进工学结合、校企合作,建构适应社会经济发展的职业教育人才培养模式已经成为当前高等职业教育改革与发展的突出问题。本文以我院开设的"苏宁物流订单班"作为研究个案,深度讨论分析了"订单班"的办学思路及实施方法,以及在实施"订单式"人才培养模式中政府、企业和学校三者的利益关系;最后,对如何完善校企合作、订单培养提出对策和建议。     

采用“双闭环”教学质量管理系统的研究与实践

本文针对高等学校提高教育教学质量工作中普遍存在的管理手段传统、形式单一、效果不佳的问题,提出了采用"双闭环"教学质量管理系统来提高教学质量的方法。大连科技学院经过两年多的研究与实践,利用"双闭环"教学质量管理系统使教育教学质量得到明显提高,同时,在学院的教风建设、学风建设和考风建设方面收到了很好的管理效果。     

中国高等教育发展中的逆性现象及质量管理分析

自20世纪90年代末以来,日益扩大的高等教育规模,使得我国高等教育质量问题日益凸显,高等教育质量的保证与提高成为了高等教育必须面临的首要问题。本文初步分析认为我国高等教育在未来一段时间内仍会继续在量上发展,同时伴随着质的提高。但同时我们应对高等教育发展中的一些"逆"性现象进行关注,并深入其中,分析其本质。此外,我们针对上述情况,提出自己的看法与意见,力求通过一些有效措施,在客观上促进我国未来高等教育的发展。     

Can the government create a vibrant cluster? Understanding the impact of cluster policy on the development of a cluster

Research has debated to what extent policy measures can facilitate or contribute to the development of clusters. This article contributes to this debate by questioning how the government can create a cluster that is self-organizing and vibrant but also maintain sufficient influence to continue using the cluster as a policy instrument. Taking the perspective of cluster members, the article investigates how members perceive the ambiguous role of the government in a government-supported cluster. It analyses to what extent cluster members value a government-supported cluster and whether they perceive the government as one that facilitates or hinders them in self-organizing the cluster. Empirical evidence is derived from a case study of a French cluster established as a result of a cluster policy initiative and which has recently been required to fulfil a new set of objectives by the same government. The findings suggest that government-supported clusters can self-organize if members are given the opportunity, but with the consequence that it becomes difficult for the government to fully control such clusters. To continue steering the cluster’s development, the government would have to leverage the technology gatekeepers’ power by designing policies that allow gatekeepers to translate government objectives into meaningful objectives for themselves.     

强化政府住房保障责任问题研究

从2000年房地产改革以来,我国房地产业有了突飞猛进的发展。但同时也存在着房地产价格不合理持续上涨、房地产投机性需求日益增加、市场运作不规范等突出矛盾和问题,对此国家也曾出台一系列的宏观调控政策。本文立足于强化政府住房保障责任的必要性,分析了政府住房保障责任淡化的表现及后果,并进一步提出通过强化政府住房保障责任,建立多层次住房保障制度的对策建议。     

Colombian higher education institutions evaluation

Over the last twenty years, access to higher education has grown extraordinarily in Latin America. Higher education systems have been challenged to improve their efficiency while strengthening quality assurance processes. In Colombia, the government and the researchers developed models to assess the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Nevertheless, the current scholarship does not have a model that allows the system to measure multiple efficiencies in a diverse environment. In this study, we address the challenge of evaluating the efficiency of HEIs taking into account different goals of the Colombian education system. To this aim, we extend a cross-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to evaluate the efficiency of Colombian HEIs in the presence of flexible measures. While some HEIs are efficient in terms of teaching or employment, others are efficient in terms of research. Therefore, the model suggests broader policies to achieve the efficiency of the institutions under multiple goals.     

Voter decisions on eminent domain and police power reforms

One unresolved issue arising from the use of eminent domain power involves how the perceived benefits and costs of eminent domain power affect people’s positions on the reform of eminent domain and police power law. The paper addresses this issue by estimating a voting model that explains voters’ decisions on eminent domain and police power reform referenda in the US. Estimates indicate that eminent domain referendum outcomes hinged on voters’ fundamental values and ideology, and voters’ immediate self-interest. Voters’ fundamental values and ideology affects referendum outcomes insofar as educational attainment in a county has a statistically significant effect on support for reform. Despite the greater incidence of eminent domain in low income and poorer communities, success of reform referenda in this study was found to be greater in counties with higher incomes and lower unemployment rates. This implies that whatever asymmetry exists in the exercise of eminent domain law across income groups does not affect voter reaction to eminent domain reforms. Moreover, counties with high unemployment rates consider the larger potential benefits from urban renewal projects in vote decision-making providing a link between self-interest and voting behavior.     

教育体制改革对高校管理的意义探析

受计划体制的影响,高校一直采用科层化管理。这种管理模式,至今仍然影响着高等教育的发展。教育体制改革要想取得成功,必须树立"以人为本"的价值取向,并在实践中正确处理政府和高校的关系,建立一种新型的合作共治模式。同时完善学校内部的组织机构设置,让广大师生广泛参与各项管理与改革。     

Effectiveness of quality standards regulation considering the behavior of government and firms

We construct an analysis framework consisting of the central government, a local government, a representative firm, and consumers. This study analyzes how the local government's enforcement, the firm's compliance, and their interaction influence the effectiveness of regulation after the central government has established policies regarding quality standards. We construct three scenarios: perfect enforcement, imperfect enforcement, and collusion. We show that when the local government imperfectly enforces the regulation, the firm's utility and the local government's utility are higher, whereas the degree of the firm's compliance, consumers' utility, and the level of social welfare are lower. When there is collusion between the local government and the firm, the firm's utility and the local government's utility are the highest, but the degree of the firm's compliance, consumers' utility, and the level of social welfare are the lowest among the different scenarios. This study proves that the behavior of governments and firms plays a vital role in the effectiveness of quality standards regulation.     

The influence of greenwash on green word-of-mouth (green WOM): the mediation effects of green perceived quality and green satisfaction

The study discusses the influence of greenwash on green word-of-mouth (green WOM) and explores the mediation roles of green perceived quality and green satisfaction. The research object of this study focuses on Taiwanese consumers who have the experience to purchase information and electronics products in Taiwan. This research utilizes structural equation modeling to undertake an empirical study. The results indicate that greenwash negatively affects green WOM. Besides, this paper proves that greenwash negatively impacts green perceived quality and green satisfaction which would positively influence green WOM. This study demonstrates that green perceived quality and green satisfaction mediate the negative relationship between greenwash and green WOM. It means that greenwash does not only have a directly negative effect on green WOM, but also have an indirectly negative effect on it via green perceived quality and green satisfaction. Thus, this study suggests that companies should decrease their greenwash behaviors and enhance their consumers’ green perceived quality and green satisfaction to increase their consumers’ green WOM.     

现代教育技术背景下物流管理专业教学模式研究

现代教育技术是高等教育教学改革和发展的方向,是提高教育教学质量的重要手段.文章首先介绍了现代教育技术的内涵,分析了物流管理专业教学的特点,阐述了现代教育技术在物流管理教学中运用的必要性,同时结合实际教学经验阐述了如何在实践中应用现代教育技术,最后针对应用型人才培养提出了物流管理专业的教学模式.     

独立学院《概率论与数理统计》教学改革探讨

独立学院作为我国高等教育大众化的产物,是一种新的办学模式。开拓独具特色的"应用型人才培养"模式是三本院校持续发展的保障。而概率论与数理统计作为应用性广泛的数学分支是一门重要的基础课程,那么对当前三本院校的概率论与数理统计如何改革,才能既符合独立学院的办学模式。探索一些改革措施,对提高教学质量具有重要的意义。文章从教学方法,教学内容,教学结构以及教材选取等多方面探讨了独立学院概率论与数理统计的改革。     

Beyond public management

The Netherlands are often considered an excellent example of ‘new public management’ reforms. Especially the ‘Tilburg model’ of management reform that took place in Dutch local government in the mid-1980s has become internationally renowned. In this review of public management reforms that took place in Dutch local and national government during the 1980s and 1990s we will show that managerial reforms were not the only dominant story in the The Netherlands. Dutch administration experienced a shift in frame of reference beyond public management. This review will not concentrate on ‘factual reforms’ but rather on reform ideas. This study departs from the empirical positivist approach where ‘objective facts’ play the central role. There is no one and single ‘objective truth’ about reforms. Managerial reform seemed the dominant story. In ‘reality’ there was a variety of reform ideas.     

An integrate method for performance of women in science and technology based on entropy measure for objective weighting

In the 21st century the role of women in the science and technology (WIST) field is very important. Many countries are actively promoting policies of women in higher education and R&D careers. A nation’s economic growth depends heavily upon its talent base, specifically, the quantity, quality, and utilization of HRST. Therefore, assessing WIST productivity variation is important. The problem of the complexity of performance evaluation makes the development and the application of standard models more difficult. This study uses the VIKOR and entropy method to evaluate the performance of WIST and rank the priorities for them accordingly. The relative weight of different evaluation criteria for the performance of WIST comes from the entropy results. We can see that, the first two important factors for the performance of WIST are a higher education sector and government sector women researchers, as a percentage of the total researchers. The results show that the Korean alternative has the best performance of WIST followed by the Netherlands and Japan.     

A causal model for the development of long-term facilities: a case in Taiwan

Elder care is an important issue in many developed countries such as U.S., Japan, and Taiwan. With the advent of population aging throughout the world, the development of long-term care facilities has become a very vital topic. In actuality, long-term care systems involve government oversight agencies as well as interaction between factors such as laws, social environment, culture, long-term care facilities, residents, and the families of residents, forming a complex and dynamic system. This paper uses system dynamics methodology to model the developmental structure of Taiwanese long-term care facilities to explore its system behaviors. The developmental structure of long-term care facilities in Taiwan is primarily composed of the four levels: overall satisfaction, overall service quality, the skill of administrative and medical care personnel and facility hardware resources. Time delay, complex, and dynamic relationships are present in the overall structure. The overall service quality of facilities is one of the most important factors in facilities’ development and that the skills of administrative and medical care personnel is the main critical factor in improving overall service quality. Finally, some suggestions are discussed relevant strategies for the government and the industry.     

浅谈价值工程理论对高校师资队伍建设的意义

高校师资队伍建设是高等教育发展的基础,它关系着高等学校教学质量的高低,也关系着学校未来的发展。建设一支结构合理、素质优良、高效精干的教师队伍是高等教育改革与发展中至关重要的问题,也是中国大学走向世界的重要保证。本文从分析高校师资队伍建设的现状入手,探讨了价值工程理论对高校师资队伍建设的积极作用和重要意义。