盈余管理、IPO审核与资源配置效率

本文以2006~2012年申请上市公司为样本,基于盈余管理视角对发审委审核决策进行了考察。研究发现,拟上市公司IPO审核通过率与上市前盈余管理显著负相关,但这一关系仅在公司盈余管理程度较高时成立。进一步的分析显示,当拟上市公司为国有企业或其所在行业获得产业政策支持时,其IPO申请更不会因盈余管理而被否;同时,对于拥有政治关联背景或经营业务复杂的拟上市公司,IPO审核通过率与公司盈余管理的负相关关系变弱。最后,实施程度较高盈余管理并通过发行审核的公司,上市后的股票收益和经营业绩更差,由此表明,拟上市公司的盈余管理降低了资本市场资源配置的效率。     

IPO前后风险投资逐名效应对上市公司会计信息质量的影响北大核心

本文以2008-2014年我国证券市场IPO公司为样本,实证研究了上市公司风险投资的逐名效应对其会计信息质量以及IPO后长期业绩的影响效用。研究发现,在IPO时,风险投资支持的上市公司盈余管理水平比无风投资支持的公司高;在IPO后,风险投资支持的上市公司盈余管理水平显著高于无风投资支持的公司;在IPO时,风险投资控制力、风险投资声誉与风险投资政治关联性与上市公司的盈余管理呈显著正向相关性。     

基于深市上市公司IPO盈余管理实证研究

在分析IPO盈余管理动机的基础上,研究了IPO公司进行盈余管理的手段及其影响。以2008年在深圳证券交易所上市的71家公司为对象,通过研究其2006-2010五年的经济数据,运用改进后的Jones模型,得出两个结论：上市公司的业绩在IPO前后存在明显的差异,并且上市前两年的业绩高于IPO当年及IPO后两年;上市公司通过调整应计利润进行盈余的操纵。最后针对分析结果提出相应对策,以期对加强证券市场监管,完善公司治理结构,帮助投资者进行投资决策做出贡献。     

IPO盈余管理与会计师事务所的选择

考察了IPO盈余管理对会计师事务所选择的影响,研究发展盈余管理为正方向、盈余管理幅度越大的企业,越是倾向于聘请小所和同省所进行IPO审计。但并未找到审计费用由此而明显提高的证据。可能原因有二：一是会计师事务所为长期留住客户而对IPO盈余管理放弃收取审计风险补偿,二是IPO企业在上市公告书上披露的审计费用不完整。     

约束条件、IPO盈余管理方式与公司业绩——基于应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理的研究

IPO盈余管理问题一直是资本市场研究的热点议题之一,本文考察了IPO企业的盈余管理方式及其对公司业绩的影响,并进一步探讨了在一定约束条件下,不同盈余管理方式对发行定价的作用。研究发现,IPO企业不仅实施了应计盈余管理,而且实施了真实盈余管理;IPO企业对盈余管理方式的选择是在发行价最大化原则下权衡的结果,当公司面临的法律保护水平较低、处于管制行业、审计师为非国际"四大"时,选择真实盈余管理更有利于提高股票发行价。此外,本文发现不同盈余管理方式对公司未来业绩的影响存在一定的差异,应计盈余管理主要影响公司的短期业绩,而真实盈余管理将会对公司的长期业绩产生较大影响。     

运用Benford法则检验创业板IPO审计质量对盈余管理的影响

创业板推出至今,业绩下滑、财务造假问题层出不穷,这不得不让人怀疑企业在创业板上市时财务数据的真实性以及会计师事务所的审计质量。Benford法则是揭示自然界数字内在规律的一种方法,本文通过Benford法则,检验创业板公司在IPO时是否存在盈余操纵现象,以及审计质量与盈余管理的内在关系。通过实证检验,本文得出结论,企业在创业板IPO时存在正向的盈余管理,且审计质量与盈余管理呈负相关关系。     

我国上市公司IPO前盈余管理影响因素研究

盈余管理问题一直都是资本市场的热点问题,但是以往大量的研究都集中于检验盈余管理是否存在,较少关注盈余管理的影响因素。本文在已有的相关研究基础之上,探讨影响上市公司IPO前盈余管理程度的市场和非市场因素,目的在于通过理论分析引起监管机构和投资者特别关注IPO过程中的盈余管理行为,对监管层规范证券市场有效运行,降低IPO前盈余管理程度提供了一定的参考价值。     

会计师事务所组织形式、盈余管理与IPO折价

会计师事务所组织形式由有限责任制变为特殊普通合伙制,增加了审计师的法律责任,提高了审计的鉴证价值和保险价值,有利于审计师在 IPO 审计过程中更好地发挥信息中介作用。以保荐制下 IPO公司为样本,实证考察事务所组织形式对 IPO 盈余管理和 IPO 折价的影响。研究发现,相比有限责任制事务所,特殊普通合伙制事务所审计的发行公司的正向盈余管理水平更低,IPO 折价率也更低。研究结论表明事务所转制后,审计师加强了对发行公司盈余管理行为的约束,提高了 IPO 定价效率,监管部门推动的事务所转制对 IPO 市场具有积极治理效果。     

风险投资“逐名”动机与上市公司盈余管理

本文考察了风险投资的"逐名"动机对上市公司会计信息质量、IPO后长期业绩的影响。研究发现:第一,风险投资支持的公司在IPO时的盈余管理程度要高于无风投支持的公司,考虑锁定期的可能影响后这一结果仍然显著,并且风投的持股比例、派出董事情况、声誉以及政治联系都与盈余管理程度正相关;第二,风险投资支持的公司在IPO后的盈余管理程度要显著高于无风投支持的公司,配合减持需要、创造有利退出条件是重要原因;第三,风险投资支持的公司其IPO后长期市场业绩要低于无风投支持的公司,并且IPO时盈余管理程度越大、IPO后的长期业绩也越差。研究从会计信息角度系统考察了风险投资的可能负面作用。即为了顺利上市和退出,风投支持公司的盈余管理程度要高于无风投支持的公司,但这在一定程度上也造成了风投支持公司上市后的长期业绩走低。     

跟投制度、承销费用与IPO盈余管理

注册制下跟投制度是否能降低承销商机会主义行为、抑制IPO企业盈余管理,是需要关注的问题。本文以2019—2022年科创板和创业板实施跟投的上市公司为样本,研究了跟投制度对IPO企业盈余管理的影响,并考察了承销费用在跟投制度对盈余管理抑制作用中的影响。研究发现,承销商跟投比例与IPO企业上市前盈余管理程度显著负相关,但承销费用的提高削弱了跟投制度对IPO企业上市前盈余管理的抑制作用;此外,跟投制度对承销商市场份额较低、审计师声誉较高和公司治理水平较低的IPO企业上市前盈余管理有更显著的抑制作用。本文结论为全面推行注册制改革、提高上市公司盈余质量提供了理论支持。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.