鲁南地区资源开发与经济结构和布局研究

本文探讨了资源型地区经济发展的一般特点，分析了鲁南地区的优势资源及其开发利用方向，设计了资源综合利用的产业链群，针对区内资源分布和利用现状，确定了本区经济布局模式，提出了四个重点开发建设地区的主导产业。     

大兴安岭国有林区产业结构调整的研究

以产业结构理论和产业间关联理论为指导,分析了大兴安岭国有林区产业结构的总体情况,找出其存在的主要问题及产业结构发展的制约因素。根据主导产业选择基准,结合该地区的实际情况,确立了林产品精深加工业、矿产开发业为该地区的主导产业,生态旅游、绿色食品开发作为该地区潜在的主导产业。针对大兴安岭林区产业结构存在的问题,提出了在新形势下林区产业结构调整和产业区域布局的具体思路,并就实施产业结构调整提出了若干政策措施。     

韩家园林业局产业结构调整研究

论述韩家园林业局产业结构的总体情况,根据主导产业选择基准,结合该地区的实际情况,确立林产品精深加工业、矿产开发业为该地区的主导产业,生态旅游、绿色食品开发作为该地区潜在的主导产业。并针对韩家园林业局产业结构存在的问题,提出了在新形势下林业局产业结构调整的思路和措施。     

基于差别管理视角的地区主导产业与产业集群研究

一个地区发展的条件和能够投入的资源有限,产业选择不可能很宽,只能选择适合当地条件的产业来发展。在差别管理的视角下,地区主导产业需要准确选择、优先发展,协调主导产业与非主导产业的关系,积极扶持潜在主导产业,促进区域产业结构及时合理转换,最后形成产业集群以实现地区主导产业的培育。     

渔业产业政策对产业结构的影响——以舟山渔民转产转业为例

政府通过制定相应的产业政策来有效支持未来主导产业和支柱产业的成长壮大,可以有秩序、低成本地实现衰退产业的撤退和调整,从而加速产业结构的合理化和高度化,实现产业资源的优化配置。本文以舟山市产业结构调整为例,说明产业政策对一个地区的主导产业和产业结构的重要影响。     

主导产业演替与产业结构优化

产业结构的优化由两个不同却紧密相关的部分所组成,即产业结构合理化和产业结构高度化。合理化的产业结构能够最优化地配置现有资源,高度化的产业结构意味着产业结构不断向高级化演进。产业结构优化的关键在于正确选择主导产业,虽然主导产业的演替和发展取决于产业发展的客观规律,但正确的产业政策能够加快主导产业发展,并以此为基础促进产业结构的优化。     

努力开创我校教育新局面

一、围绕我区的产业特点，建立合理的专业结构产业结构决定着人才需要的规格、数量和专业构成。随着上饶地区主导产业的形成，规模的扩大，我校也日益深化了教学改革，方向就是推动当地经济建设迅速发展。专业结构方面，学校在农学、牧医、水产等专业的基础上，增设计算机、土地管理等专业，把园艺专业改为园林设计专业。目前已有１１个专业，基本上全部覆盖全区主导产业所需的专业，其中农学、牧医、园艺专业已成为全校的骨干专业。在课程设置方面，我校以主导产业为重头戏。农学、牧医、园艺等专业实行课程倾斜，增加课时，并组织教师改编…     

基于城市流视角的鲁南城市空间联系分析

鲁南地区作为山东省空间布局中的重要部分,其城市间联系足以影响整个山东经济的发展。基于城市流的理论,借助于2014年山东省统计数据,对鲁南地区济宁、临沂、菏泽、枣庄、日照5座城市的区位熵、外向功能量、城市流强度和倾向度进行计算、比较、分析。结果表明:鲁南地区城市流强度整体偏低,空间联系不够紧密;鲁南地区缺乏具有高辐射能力的城市;鲁南地区城市综合实力与城市功能有待进一步提高和完善。     

苏锡常地区产业结构及其调整

苏锡常地区产业结构渐近高度化,工业化过程步入工业化后期阶段,主导产业以机电一体化为重要特征,乡村工业发展迅速,产业规模逐渐升级,区域商品流通搞活,该区第三产业相对滞后,科技进步贡献率不高,乡镇企业问题日渐突出,今后应着重抓好主导产业的更替,促使高新技术产业化,并抓好第三产业,继续加强企业集团建设。     

新疆主导产业选择研究

本文采用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联分析法,以各层次产业对目标产业的贡献关联程度为基础,综合确定区域主导产业,通过具体实证研究验证所用方法的科学性,试图为新疆主导产业选择提供一个具有较强可操作性的研究方法。研究结果对合理调整产业结构及培育新疆的主导产业具有指导意义。     

江西省乡村聚落空间分布及评价

［目的］通过江西省乡村聚落发展及演变现状对其空间分布特征进行研究,并从乡村聚落发展优化的角度提出具体建议,对江西省乡村振兴战略实施具有重要的借鉴意义。［方法］运用GIS102操作平台对江西省乡村聚落空间分布情况以乡村聚落密度、乡村规模以及人口密度进行空间等级划分,通过计算最临近点指数、地理集中指数和地理联系率分析其空间分布特征。［结果］江西省市域和县域内的乡村聚落在乡村规模、人口密度以及聚落分布密度上存在较大差异,分布呈现不均衡的特点,且与经济发展和人口密度在空间上的均衡、配合程度较高。［结论］(1)江西省乡村聚落分布密度在空间上存在较大差异,形成以南昌市为中心,包含宜春市、萍乡市和上饶市大部分县域的北部密集区,主要为北部赣江流域下游平原和鄱阳湖平原地区,抚州市南部和赣州市大部分区域乡村聚落分布密度较小; (2)江西省乡村聚落在空间上整体呈集聚型分布且分布不均衡的特点; (3)其乡村规模较大的聚落多分布在上饶、赣州、九江和宜春等地,反映出江西省丘陵区和山地区的乡村聚落规模较大。     

Changing land use intensity in Europe – Recent processes in selected case studies

In recent decades the intensification of agricultural production in many European countries has been one of the key components of land-use change. The impact of agricultural intensification varies according to national and local contexts and a greater understanding of the drivers of intensification will help to mitigate against its negative impacts and harness potential benefits. This paper analyses changes in land use intensity in six case studies in Europe. A total of 437 landowners were interviewed and their responses were analysed in relation to changes in land use intensity and agricultural production between 2001 and 2011. In the case studies in Western and Eastern Europe we observed stabilisation during the last decade, and no clear tendency of increase or decrease of land use intensity. The use of fertilizers and pesticides seems to have decreased in our cases in Western Europe, which is contrary to trends in Eastern Europe. Agricultural production remained stable in almost all cases, except for an increase in Austria and Romania which may indicate that the farming efficiency has increased. A statistical analysis showed a division between study areas in Romania and Austria (increasing land use intensity) versus those in the Netherlands, Denmark and Greece (decreasing). In the Mediterranean cases we observe a process where agriculture is becoming increasingly marginalised, at the same time as changes in function with regard to urbanisation and recreational land uses have taken place. Logistic regression highlighted the importance of farm size and farmer type in understanding changes in land use intensity. The dominant pattern of stabilisation which has occurred over the past 10 years may also partly be a result of effective EU and national environmental and agricultural policies, which are increasingly concerned with improving environmental conditions in rural areas.     

Spatial regulation and international differences in the housebuilding industries

Housebuilding firms vary across the world in size and in the scope of their activities. This variety may seem surprising in an industry with open technologies and ease of entry. While market and technological factors may go some way to explain such differences, much of the causes of variation lie in dissimilarities in regulatory and institutional frameworks. These themes are explored through a comparative analysis of the structure of the residential development industry in Australia, the UK and the USA and in analysis of firm size hierarchies. The firm concentration ratio is much higher in the UK than the other two countries and the reasons may lie in the geography of the country but also in the peculiarities of its planning system.     

江西省县域农民现代化发展水平评价及区域差异分析

目的 基于乡村振兴战略有关要求以及新阶段“三农”发展现状、特征构建农民现代化综合评价指标体系,对2019年江西省103县（区）的农民现代化发展水平进行测度和评价。方法 文章综合运用层次分析法和熵值法从职业素质、生活水平、生活环境、健康水平、市民化水平五方面选取了15个指标构建农民现代化综合评价指标体系,找出影响江西省农民现代化发展的主要因素,并对2019年江西省103县（区）的农民现代化水平进行测度。结果 （1）江西省农民现代化发展水平主要受职业素质、人均可支配收入、市民化水平等的影响;（2）江西省农民现代化发展水平总体评价值为0.565 5,空间分布上呈现出“西部高东部低,北部高南部低”的趋势;（3）从一级指标发展水平空间分布来看,农民职业素质发展水平、生活水平、生活环境发展水平、市民化发展水平均呈现出显著的多维性和异质性。其中,职业素质发展水平呈现出“西部高东部低,南部高北部低”的特征,生活水平、生活环境发展水平、市民化发展水平均呈现出“西部高东部低,北部高南部低”的特征。结论 江西省农民现代化发展进程还有待推进,未来应该在加大农民职业教育培训力度、扩大农民增收渠道、加快促进农民就地市民化、加强区域间农民现代化发展交流合作等方面加强政策引导与支持,进一步提高农民现代化发展水平。     

县域农村居民点空间重构研究进展

[目的]通过对我国县域农村居民点空间重构相关研究进展进行综述,剖析当前研究中可能存在的不足,探讨该研究领域未来可能的发展方向,以期丰富我国县域农村居民点空间重构的理论与实证研究。[方法]文章采用文献回顾及归纳分析法,从县域农村居民点空间分布及其演变特征、农村居民点空间重构思路与方法、农村居民点空间重构模式与策略等三方面对该领域的研究进行综述与讨论。[结果]当前我国县域农村居民点空间重构研究内容不断丰富,但由于农村居民点空间重构是一个涉及自然、社会和经济等多方面的复杂系统,县域层面相关研究还不成体系;不同地貌类型县域农村居民点空间重构对比研究不足,对"三块地"改革、精准扶贫、乡村振兴等社会经济转型背景下的农村居民点空间重构模式与策略研究仍有欠缺,研究结果之间也相对独立,缺乏整合集成。[结论]今后应加强不同区域县域农村居民点空间重构研究的对比分析,探索不同发展阶段和背景下的县域农村居民点空间重构模式与策略,开展跨学科、多元化的综合性研究是该领域未来的发展趋势。     

Social conflict and agrarian change in Uganda's countryside

In this paper, I explore the significance of Giovanni Arrighi's scholarship about the dynamics of capitalist accumulation and transformation in Africa and other “hostile” environments for critical agrarian studies. Specifically, I examine the relevance of his work for the analysis of multiple trajectories of agrarian change and social conflict in Uganda's countryside. By adopting synchronic and diachronic perspectives, the analysis here unveils the geographically uneven nature of transformation in the agrarian social structure in two distinct regions in Uganda: Buganda and Acholi. This complementarity allows us to grasp continuities and discontinuities in the processes of agrarian change and in the social struggles over the production and appropriation of surplus value in the longue durée. I argue that the agrarian social structure and the associated dynamics and forms of social conflict in the two regions massively diverged during the colonial period, while partially converging in the current era of neoliberal restructuring.     

河北省不同利用方式农田土壤氮磷环境风险分析

弄清不同利用方式农田土壤氮磷养分平衡状况,进而明确其环境风险特征,为进一步指导土壤养分管理及环境政策制定具有重要意义。研究以河北省的粮田、果园和菜地为研究对象,通过分析三种利用方式氮磷的输入、化肥和有机肥的分配比例及氮磷养分的盈余状况,并结合化肥使用环境风险指数,评价三种不同利用方式化肥氮磷的环境风险类型。结果表明,氮总输入量为菜地明显高于果园和粮田,磷总输入量为菜地和果园明显高于粮田,且粮田和菜地氮磷输入主要以化肥为主。三种不同利用方式农田氮磷均呈盈余状态,其中氮盈余率为果园(532.6%)明显高于菜地(61.5%)和粮田(31.6%),磷盈余率为菜地(700.4%)和果园(615.7%)明显高于粮田(66.6%)。化肥氮磷的环境风险指数均为菜地(0.83)明显高于粮田(0.59-0.62),三种不同利用方式下化肥氮磷的环境风险类型均达低度风险及以上,特别是菜地达严重风险。为了农业的可持续发展,河北省粮田应控制氮磷肥的投入,果园和菜地应加大减少氮磷肥化肥投入,以减少对环境的潜在危害。同时为了更好地培肥地力,在控制施肥总量的前提下应加大粮田和菜地有机肥的投入比例。     

Agricultural land use sustainability in Southwest Iran: Improving land leveling using consolidation plans

In recent years, sustainability has always been one of the most important approaches in policy making and program development in general, especially in the agricultural sector. On the other hand, land leveling and consolidation programs are usually implemented as the development programs of the agricultural sector in different regions of Iran. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the agricultural sustainability in two different regions (with and without land leveling and consolidation) in Zarghan District, Fars Province, Iran. In this research, a quantitative research approach has been used, and data were collected in two phases using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the first phase of the study showed that in the leveled and consolidated lands, the ecological dimension is potentially in a good status of sustainability, but social and economic dimensions are in a moderate status. In the unleveled and unconsolidated lands, the ecological dimension is potentially in a good status, while the social dimension is in a moderate, and economic dimensions are in a potentially weak status of sustainability. In addition, comparing the results of the two groups of lands demonstrated that there is a significant difference between them in terms of ecological and economic sustainability, and in consolidated and leveled lands, ecological and economic sustainability are in a more favorable status. Furthermore, the results of the second phase of the research indicated that agricultural activities in both categories of land are beneficial. However, the net present value of agricultural activities revenues in the leveled and consolidated lands is higher than those of the areas outside the coverage of this plan. Therefore, it can be concluded that agricultural activities in leveled and consolidated lands, not only have a better status in terms of sustainability but also have a higher economic justification.     

Food security,the labor market,and poverty in the Brazilian bio‐economy

This article deals with the social implications of ethanol expansion in Brazil. The evolution of the labor market in sugarcane production in the country is analyzed together with its regional patterns of expansion, to illustrate how changes in the recent expansion are modifying the traditional pattern of labor demand in the activity. At the same time, the distributional effects of sugarcane expansion, as well as it's impacts on food security and land use change was approached with the aid of general equilibrium simulation models. The analysis shows that both the average earnings and the average years of schooling in sugarcane production are actually higher than in general agriculture in Brazil, and that this is linked to the growing increase in production in the Southeast and Central‐West. Sugarcane production in these regions is more capital intensive and has a much higher productivity than in other traditional regions in Northeast Brazil. The study concludes that the expansion in sugarcane production according to actual patterns does not have a negative effect on poverty, and has only minor impacts on food prices and deforestation. The increase in the regional economic imbalances within the country appears to be the problem that requires attention.     

基于空间变异的郑州市休闲农业发展趋势预测

[目的]基于空间变异理论预测郑州市休闲农业的空间发展趋势,以期为郑州市休闲农业的发展提供支持,并弥补该研究领域的不足。[方法]采用统计分析法统计2010—2017年郑州市各县市区的规模以上休闲农庄数量和各区域面积,采用空间分析法计算各区域休闲农业空间分布密度确定其空间变异性,结合郑州市各县市区的区位条件、休闲农业资源和交通状况,综合分析郑州市休闲农业的未来发展方向。[结果](1)郑州市休闲农业的数量从2010年的39家增加到2017年的282家,其中增长幅度最大的是惠济区,其次是荥阳市和登封市;(2)惠济区的休闲农业分布密度历年均居各县市区之首,而且呈现逐年增加的趋势,登封市和荥阳市的休闲农业分布密度历年均远高于除惠济区外的其他县市区;(3)各县市区的区位条件、交通状况和休闲农业资源存在差异,造成各区域休闲农业发展不均衡。[结论]郑州市休闲农业未来的主要发展区域将会以惠济区、金水区、荥阳市和登封市为主,依托有利的交通优势以郑州市中心向周边县市扩散,以现代农业和高效农业发展为主的管城区和中牟县将会成为未来全市休闲农业发展的重点开发区域。