供应链管理中牛鞭效应的理论研究及相应对策

本文对供应链中存在的牛鞭效应作了简单的回顾,从牛鞭效应的存在到分析牛鞭效应产生的原因、量化牛鞭效应的大小,到最后提出了缓解牛鞭效应的一些对策.     

基于VMI模式的供应链牛鞭效应削弱策略

供应链中牛鞭效应普遍存在,牛鞭效应的解决对策也多样。本文先简要介绍了牛鞭效应及其成因,然后介绍了VMI模式的原理及功能,最后从供应链战略、管理、运作三个层面解析VMI对牛鞭效应的削弱作用,为有效地削弱牛鞭效应提供了可行的策略。     

如何弱化供应链管理中的“牛鞭效应”

本文阐述了牛鞭效应的产生与涵义,分析了牛鞭效应产生的原因,提出了弱化牛鞭效应的一些对策。     

供应链中“牛鞭效应”的成因及其对策分析

"牛鞭效应"在供应链管理中不可能被根本消除,只能弱化。本文在介绍了"牛鞭效应"概念及其形成过程的基础上,分析了"牛鞭效应"的成因,提出了4项弱化"牛鞭效应"的对策。     

供应链管理中的牛鞭效应问题研究

牛鞭效应对供应链性能和绩效产生了严重的影响。本文分析了牛鞭效应的成因,并给出了弱化牛鞭效应的对策措施。     

基于Anylogic的牛鞭效应仿真研究与分析

为了找到时间因素如何影响牛鞭效应,以库存和订单数量作为牛鞭效应强度的衡量指标,借助Anylogic软件建立三阶供应链模型进行仿真,并对仿真结果进行了比较分析。可视化地研究供应链的动态变化,并分析订货提前期与牛鞭效应的关系,如何减轻牛鞭效应,为企业提供决策支持。研究表明,时间因素对牛鞭效应有重要影响,订货提前期的缩短能够减轻牛鞭效应。     

供应链中“牛鞭效应”的成因及其对策分析

“牛鞭效应”在供应链管理中不可能被根本消除,只能弱化。本文在介绍了“牛鞭效应”概念及其形成过程的基础上,分析了“牛鞭效应”的成因,提出了4项弱化“牛鞭效应”的对策。     

信息共享对企业供应链牛鞭效应影响的研究

现代企业之间的竞争是供应链之间的竞争,而供应链上出现的牛鞭效应现象非常突出,这往往成为影响供应链顺利运行的一个重要因素。本文以APIOBPCS模型为基础,将预测环节视为供应链的组成部分,通过信息共享改造传统供应链的串行结构,采用基于变换和测量牛鞭效应的控制工程方法,仿真研究了信息共享对制造商-分销商-销售商构成的三级供应链网络牛鞭效应的影响。通过仿真证实,信息共享能够减少牛鞭效应,但不能消除牛鞭效应。最后通过探讨物流延迟时间参数和一阶指数平滑预测参数对牛鞭效应的影响,给出了弱化牛鞭效应的措施。     

服装供应链中的牛鞭效应与弱化对策研究——以KD服饰有限公司为例

牛鞭效应对服装供应链的运行有着极大的危害。本文通过对牛鞭效应的成因分析,指出实施快速反应战略是弱化牛鞭效应的最有效途径,并通过实例阐述了实现快速反应的方法。     

供应链中“牛鞭效应”的形成机理及对策分析

牛鞭效应是供应链中非常重要的一个现象,如果控制不当,将给供应链的成本和运作效益带来巨大影响。本文首先分析了供应链中牛鞭效应的现象和形成原因,接着从委托代理关系的角度深入分析了牛鞭效应产生的根本原因——信息不对称。最后,在此基础上本文提出了解决牛鞭效应的对策,即建立激励机制和信息共享系统。     

Facilitating and restricting a challenger: Patents and standards in the development of the Bull-Knutsen punched card system, 1919–1938

This paper discusses the various ways that patents and standards framed a challenger's opportunities. It recounts the history of the Bull punched card system, both in Norway in the 1920s and France in the 1930s, as it developed and became a challenger to IBM's monopoly. Bull faced the first mover's patents and standards differently. Standards paved the way for the challenger's actions, while patents hampered certain facilities for their duration.     

舰艇短波地波通信链路计算与分析

为评估海上舰艇短波地波通信的真实能力,将短波地波传播模型与天线仿真技术相 结合,采用矩量法计算舰载鞭天线的辐射特性,并将计算的天线的方向特性、辐射效率以及 测量的驻波比特性代入短波地波传播计算模型。计算结果表明,对应不同的通信距离,存在 一个最佳工作频段。     

Verbraucherschutz bei öffentlichen Leistungen — eine große Lösung? Zu Youngs Beitrag in ZVP, 1, 1977/3

Ohne ZusammenfassungHans Peter Bull war noch bei Abfassung dieses Beitrages Professor für Öffentliches Recht am Fachbereich Rechtswissenschaft II (Einstufige Juristenausbildung) der Universität Hamburg und ist jetzt Bundesbe-auftragter für den Datenschutz, D-5300 Bonn, Graurheindorferstr. 198.     

浅谈电力工程造价管理与控制

受项目建设规模、建设水平和技术、建设地点、可行性研究及投资估算等因素影响,电力工程造价上涨很快,已经影响了电力建设的健康发展。针对我国电力工程造价治理与控制中存在的多头治理,项目审批不完善等问题。应在项目决策阶段就要对各种影响因素搞好调研,合理确定电力工程建设规模和成本,从决策阶段开始,对设计、实施各个阶段严格管理,从而有效控制电力工程造价。     

基于资产价值链的股票定价模型实证研究

从股票价格的形成过程入手提出可交易价值的概念,指出名义股价、流动性和波动性是其可能的影响因素。接着运用面板数据分析法对我国股市的周交易数据进行实证,发现可交易价值对股票的定价行为具有解释能力,且在不同市场环境下的表现形式不同:上涨行情中投资者偏好低价格、高流动和高波动的股票组合,下跌行情中则相反;走势平稳的市场中名义股价因子影响力最强,而流动性因子和波动性因子则在急涨急跌背景下更具影响力。     

Evolution of an international joint venture: The case of a French‐Brazilian joint venture

Considering the situation of low performance of joint ventures, a certain number of studies have concluded that there is a close relationship between the initial conditions of creation of joint ventures and their success or failure. Nevertheless, other explanatory factors can be identified through dynamic analysis of the joint venture. For this purpose, on the basis of the case of the Franco‐Brazilian Algar‐Bull joint venture in the information technology sector, from its creation in 1983 to its dissolution in 1998, the aim of our research is to study the influence of external evolution processes ( partners' adaptive strategies and changes in environmental constraints) on the success or failure of a joint venture. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Business Decision Making in National Socialist Germany: Machine Tools, Business Machines, and Punch Cards at the Wanderer-Werke AG

This article analyzes the goals and strategies of a medium-sizemachine-building enterprise located in Chemnitz, the "SaxonManchester," during the Nazi period. The Wanderer-Werke AG produceda broad range of goods, from machine tools to business machines,during the years before World War II. It pursued an essentiallyconservative strategy, adhering to its established product lineand not embarking on armament production until required to doso. This policy, however, did not prevent the firm from actingon strategic opportunities offered by Nazi occupation policy,as in 1940 when it sought to establish "cooperation" with theFrench punch-card producer Compagnie des Machines Bull. Thearticle considers the extent to which enterprises like Wanderer—medium-sizedcompanies with products of some value to the war effort—couldpursue autonomous strategies within the framework of the NationalSocialist regime.     

Interaction episodes as engines of relationship change

We discuss a framework for analyzing interaction episode patterns that culminate in business relationship changes. A nomenclature for mapping and characterizing patterns of episodes that take place over time and within social space provides a new approach to relationship analysis. We introduce and define interacts as the building blocks of episodes and discuss the meaning and implications of episode valences. Building on ideas from Flanagan's [Flanagan, John C. The critical incident technique. Psychol Bull 1954; 51 (4): 327-358] critical incident technique, the new nomenclature includes critical events in which customers and suppliers make changes to resource ties and activity links that redefine a business relationship's structure. We employ network theory to evoke endogenous and exogenous influences on episodes. Also, we identify other influences on interactions and relationship change, including asymmetries in actor perceptions and information, tolerance zones for interpreting outcomes of episodes, difficulties perceiving patterns, and relationship entropy.     

Does a Consumer’s Religion Really Matter in the Buyer–Seller Dyad? An Empirical Study Examining the Relationship Between Consumer Religious Commitment,Christian Conservatism and the Ethical Judgment of a Seller’s Controversial Business Decision

Religion is an important cultural and individual difference variable. Yet, despite its obvious importance in consumers’ lives, religion in the United States has been under-researched. This study addresses that gap in the literature and investigates the influence of consumer religion in the buyer–seller dyad. Specifically, this study examines the influence of consumer religious commitment and a Christian consumer’s conservative beliefs in the United States on store loyalty when retailers make business decisions which are potentially reli- gious objectionable. This study uses structural equation modeling and applies Anderson and Gerbing’s (Psychol Bull 103(3):411–423, 1988) two-step approach to exam- ine data obtained from a national sample of 531 consumers. The results from this study suggest that consumers evaluate seller’s actions and form ethical judgments. These judgments are a major explanatory variable in consumer store loyalty intentions.     

The effect of result publicity on self-serving attributional bias —— a social comparison perspective

Self-serving bias suggests that people tend to attribute success to internal factors and attribute failure to external factors (Bradley, J Pers Soc Psychol 36:56–71,1978; Miller and Ross, Psychol Bull 82:213–225,1975). However, the results of the attribution of failure are not always consistent. Some studies have found that people attribute failure to external factors (Snyder, Stephan, & Rosenfileld, 1976) and others suggest that people attribute failure to internal factors (Ross et al., J Pers Soc Psychol 29:609–618,1974). I tested self-serving bias in two different contexts in mainland China: in one, test results were public (students had access to each other’s test results) and in the other, test results were private (students only had access to his/her own results). When a context triggers individuals to compare themselves to others, individuals may alter their attribution of failure in order to preserve their self-image and self-esteem. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, and the results show that in a public context people tend to attribute failure more to external factors than to themselves. Also, results suggest that people attribute failure less to themselves in a public context than in a private context.