我国上市公司资产重组的行业分析

本文首先从工业行业运行状况的角度,定量化地研究了我国资本市场中兼并频发行业的成因。研究发现,工业行业的集中度偏低是其中最主要的原因。本文还以各个兼并频发行业内发生资产重组的上市公司为研究对象,发现我国不同的行业,资本市场中资产重组的方式有所不同。同时资本市场中行业资产的重组对于不同行业的产业结构调整有着不同的积极或消极的作用。这表明我国资本市场上的资产重组将导致我国工业各行业的竞争力呈分化状态。     

APPRAISAL OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF ESTIMATING EQUIVALENCE SCALES AND THEIR RESULTS

This paper discusses the problems encountered in constructing equivalence scales of the relative incomes required to enable families of different sizes or in different circumstances to enjoy the same standard of living. Theoretical problems and limitations of various methods are discussed, and examples of empirical results are presented.     

PRICE AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF OLIGOPOUSTIC MERGERS

When oligopolists merge, the new firm enjoys a lower cost structure than any of its premerger constituent parts. This is because of rationalization economies which are created as facilities previously operated at disparate marginal cost levels come under common control. The resultant price-decreasing force is countered by the loss of competition due to the merger. The latter can stem not only from reduction in the number of competitors, but also from the possibility that, with a more concentrated market structure, firms'conjectures about each others'reactions will move in the direction of being more cooperative. The paper shows that, under normal conditions, the effects of diminished competition outweigh those of rationalization so that a price increase will result from the merger. In addition, the equivalence of merger to the imposition of taxes is exploited to derive a market-share based test for mergers to cause welfare decreases. This complements a test proposed by Farrell and Shapiro that works only for welfare increases.     

中国区域经济发展差异及其成因分析

改革开放以来,中国实行区域经济非均衡发展和非均衡协调发展战略,经济得到了空前的快速发展,被世界各国誉为"中国之谜"。从GDP、人均GDP和城乡居民三个层面对四大区域经济发展进行了多维度的分析,发现中国经济快速发展的背后是四大区域间经济发展差异呈现不断扩大的趋势,这种现象必须引起高度重视,要出台一些针对性较强、操作性较好的财政金融等政策。     

COOPERATIVE ESSENCE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL QUALITY: A COMPARATIVE CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

This article links two different fields of research, entrepreneurship and cooperatives, and studies whether, depending on the context, differences in terms of the fulfilment of the cooperative philosophy (cooperative essence) and entrepreneurial quality exist. To this aim, a statistical analysis is carried out using data from two Spanish regions: Andalusia and the Basque Country. The results enable us to conclude, firstly, that cooperative essence differs in relation to regional context, but not in relation to entrepreneurial quality. Secondly, cooperative essence and entrepreneurial quality are positively related, suggesting that cooperative essence may be part of the entrepreneurial quality of these kinds of firms.     

产业集聚环境中的企业合作创新行为分析

建立在合作创新基础上的创新优势是产业集聚持续竞争优势的关键。合作创新可以降低创新成本,有利于外部性问题的解决,有利于获取隐形知识和分担创新风险。集聚中的企业合作关系主要包括水平合作垂直合作,这两种关系都有利于企业的创新。产业集聚的制度环境为企业间的合作创新提供了保障。     

THE NATURE OF COOPERATIVE VALUES AND PRINCIPLES

ABSTRACT * : Members' transaction costs decrease as a consequence of cooperative principles and cooperative values. The members' cooperative values reduce their uncertainty in relation to each other and in their relationship to the business environment. Thus, there are two categories of values: social values and sovereignty values. The cooperative principles are characteristics of the cooperative organization that aim to reduce transaction costs in the members' relationships with the cooperative. Thus we find two types of principles: business principles and society principles. Business principles state how relationships between the cooperative enterprise and the members should be designed. Society principles reduce transaction costs for members in their interactions.     

甘肃与毗邻省区区域经济联系研究

通过节点分析、线路分析、联系作用量分析以及问卷调查等研究方法,对甘肃与毗邻省区区域经济联系进行了研究,以期为甘肃区域经济发展政策的制定提供科学依据。     

A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COOPERATIVE RESEARCH IN THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY*

In this article I construct a dynamic oligopoly model of research joint ventures (RJVs) where firms, investing to improve product quality, fully share the rewards of research success. RJVs benefit firms by eliminating duplicative research efforts, but firms also give up the possibility of becoming a solo innovator. Consumers benefit from lower prices, but may have to wait longer for new products to arrive. I show that RJVs are welfare enhancing by quantitatively evaluating these trade‐offs with data from the semiconductor industry. I also analyze how changes in product market competition affect research cooperation.     

合作行为与合作经济学:一个理论分析框架

本文对合作经济学理论体系发展的一些基本问题进行了讨论。由于现实生活中表现出了以竞争作为主线的自利模型不能解释的大量事例,因此笔者试图将亲社会性他涉偏好纳入到经济学理论体系假设中来构建合作经济学,并为其提供了翔实的科学证据。本文还讨论了合作、亲社会情感、他涉偏好等一些基本范畴,并对合作经济学的基本理论内容以及基本方法论等问题进行了探讨。     

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PUBLIC‐PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR SOCIAL VALUE*

ABSTRACT: This article applies political economy theory to public‐private partnerships (PPPs). First, we propose that social welfare is the appropriate normative evaluation criterion to evaluate the social value of PPPs. Second, we specify the goals of PPP participants, including private‐sector partners and governments. Third, we review the observed outcomes of PPPs and analyze them from both a political economy perspective and a social welfare perspective. Fourth, based on a comparison of the actual outcomes of PPPs to normatively desirable social welfare outcomes, we propose some ‘rules for governments’ concerning the design of government PPP institutions and the management of PPPs. We argue that if governments were to adopt these rules there would be fewer PPPs in total, they would be more like traditional government contracts and there would be a greater likelihood of improved social welfare. However, political economy theory also explains why implementation of any reform will be difficult.     

STRATEGIC DIAGNOSIS OF SPANISH FARMING COOPERATIVE CREDIT SECTIONS: A SWOT ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT 1 : Farming cooperative credit sections are financial instruments set up within a cooperative and at its service. They are key funding tools in rural areas and have been developed all over Spain although more intensely in some areas than others. The aim of this paper is to carry out a strategic diagnosis of the Spanish credit section using a SWOT Analysis to discover its set of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as a proposal for strategic actions to be followed. In order to do so an empirical study using personalized surveys and interviews has been undertaken among the managers or persons in charge of the credit sections over the first half of 2008. The study demonstrates that they are efficient entities for their clients (cooperative members). Their main strengths are focussed on their clients, although they show significant weaknesses in organizational, business and technological capacities, which require an effort to provide them with more professional management. Legal constraints are the main threat at present, although uncertainty in the agricultural sector affects their survival.     

EFFICIENT MECHANISMS FOR MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS*

We characterize incentive‐efficient merger outcomes when payments can be made both in cash and stock. Each firm has private information about both its stand‐alone value and a component of the (possibly negative) potential synergies. We study two cases: when transfers can, and cannot, be made contingent on the value of any new firm. When they can, we show that redistributing shares of any nonmerging firm generates information rents and provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the implementability of efficient merger rules. When they cannot, private information undermines efficiency more when it concerns stand‐alone values than synergies. Here, acquisitions emerge as optimal mechanisms.     

THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES TO COOPERATIVE AND NONCOOPERATIVE R&D*

The precompetitive R&D literature has viewed cooperative and noncooperative R&D as substitutes. In this paper a more realistic approach is taken, where both cooperative and noncooperative R&D are performed in parallel. In the first stage, firms determine the optimal investments in both types of R&D and in the second stage they compete in output. It is found that information sharing between cooperating firms contributes not only to cooperative R&D, but also to noncooperative R&D. The two types of R&D reinforce each other. The level of cooperative R&D may be higher or lower than noncooperative R&D. In a Cournot duopoly, the share of cooperative R&D lies between 20% and 80% of total R&D and this share increases with spillovers and information sharing. It is always optimal to subsidize half the costs of cooperative R&D, while the subsidy to noncooperative R&D is unchanged from the standard model. Consumers prefer intermediate levels of spillovers and information sharing, while firms prefer higher levels of spillovers, which entail lower levels of information sharing.