新创企业国际化过程中的企业家特定能力研究

新创企业国际化的蓬勃发展对传统的国际化理论提出了挑战,第三代企业家所拥有的企业家特定能力是新创企业国际化行为的驱动因素,本文把新创企业国际化过程中的企业家特定能力界定在以下几个方面：机会能力、关系能力、概念能力、整合能力、战略能力、承诺能力。企业家正是通过界定业务范围、培育组织能力和设置目标并采取行动等任务而作用于企业的国际化成长。     

中国高科技新创企业对发达国家的逆向投资——基于制度理论的分析视角

中国高科技新创企业通过逆向投资进军发达国家是近几年新出现的现象，传统的对外直接投资理论对此难以给出有效的解释。本文基于制度的视角对我国高科技新创企业逆向投资行为进行解释，从制度的三个维度论证我国高科技新创企业逆向投资是组织与制度互动的结果，在法律法规层面，新创企业到发达国家投资是逃避不合理的制度安排，寻求更为有利的融资与成长环境；在社会规范层面，到发达市场投资能够为高科技新创企业在国内赢得更多的社会声誉，进而获得更大的合法性；在认知层面，具有国际化经历的企业家具有较强的国际视野和国际化导向。     

基于企业家精神视角的国际新创企业形成机理

国际新创企业（International New Ventures）作为一种新型的创业模式和国际企业组织形式在全球范围内蓬勃兴起与发展,这类企业从一创始就走上了国际化之路,并以其创新、变革的品质和快速成长能力引起了学术界和实业界的关注与兴趣。国际新创企业并非成熟企业的小版本,正如年幼小孩并非小的成年人一样,其思维方式与行为特征大不相同,国际新创企业与成熟跨国企业在资源与能力禀赋、行为风格、战略选择与路径方面存在着诸多差异。在面临诸多不利因素的情况下,新创企业何以能够在创始时期就能够开展国际商务活动？国际新创企业是如何形成的？文章基于企业家精神的分析视角,探索国际新创企业形成的内在机理与管理意蕴。     

国际新创企业海外创业机会识别与开发

国际新创企业作为一种新型的创业形式和国际企业组织类型,对传统的国际化理论提出了挑战。本文基于国际创业的视角,从创业机会的角度来探讨国际新创企业创立与成长问题,揭示了国际新创企业创业机会的来源以及企业家机会识别与开发过程及其影响因素。     

企业家精神对国际化影响研究

一系列研究表明,企业家精神对企业国际化水平产生深远的影响,本文以万达集团为例,通过三个相关论题来探究这个有意义的问题。首先,本文对企业家精神进行简单梳理,在此基础上,确立了三条重要的企业家精神影响国际化的具体途径,然后我们用这三条途径分析了大连万达集团有限公司的国际化行为。最后本文依据三条路径总结了研究企业家精神对国际化水平影响的意义并就今后企业国际化提供意见建议。     

新创企业国际化：国际商务理论研究的新领域

新创企业国际化作为国际化经营中的新现象，伴随着创业型经济的兴起和经济全球化的深入发展日趋频繁和普遍，成为近年来国际商务理论研究的新兴领域和理论热点。本文在简要介绍新创企业国际化理论兴起与发展的基础上，围绕国际化动因、过程与战略选择以及国际化对新创企业成长和绩效的影响三个方面对新创企业国际化理论进行分析梳理和评述，以期为国内相关问题的研究提供一个清晰的研究脉络，并为我国企业国际化经营实践提供理论借鉴。     

董明珠的管理艺术

<正>企业高质量发展离不开企业家精神，而董明珠所展现出的企业家精神，已经融入了格力电器企业管理各个方面。珠海格力电器股份有限公司（简称格力电器）于1991年正式成立，从最初组装生产家用空调，到如今成为集家用电器、智能装备、工业制品、精密模具等业务为一体的全球家电制造业中的佼佼者，标志着“中国制造”走上了国际舞台。格力电器的国际化，不是简单的产量和销量的国际化，而是品牌的国际化。     

中国高科技新创企业国际化成长：动因、模式与绩效——一个整合性分析框架与例证

作为一种新兴的现象,新创企业国际化的兴起对传统理论提出了挑战,文章探讨了中国高科技新创企业国际化成长的动因、模式与绩效及其相互关系,建立了一个企业国际化的整合性分析框架,并以展讯通信的案例进行验证,结论如下：第一,企业的国际化需要、国际化机遇和国际化能力,是影响企业国际化战略选择的三个主要因素;第二,新创企业须基于自身特征,寻求适合于自身条件和特征的发展路径和战略模式;第三,企业国际化的绩效将反过来影响企业的国际化需要、国际化机遇和国际化能力。     

企业家精神与中国企业的国际化之路

中国的企业在国际化的过程当中，普遍都不是很成功。而根据经典的跨国公司成长理论综合研究发现中国企业并不缺少必要的物质与客观条件，所缺乏的只是正确的战略制定和战略执行的人，即优秀的企业家，据此本文提出支撑优秀企业家群体的企业家精神的缺失是导致中国企业很少国际化和国际化不成功的原因之一这一论断。在总结中国企业家精神的核心时，提出了三个最为核心的要素：创新，合作与社会责任。本文在解释中国企业家精神缺失的现象及其原因的同时也提到了如何在中国企业家当中重构这些重要的企业家精神要素。     

企业家主动性与企业绩效——基于东莞市私营企业调查数据的实证研究

本文以东莞市664家私营企业为研究对象,实证考察了并证实了私营企业家的个人主动性对企业绩效的影响,以及任务导向型与关系导向型个人主动性对企业绩效影响的差别。在此基础上,本文发现在新创企业中企业家个人主动性对企业绩效的影响显著异于成熟企业,且企业不同经营情况下企业家两种个人主动性对企业绩效的影响也有所不同。     

网络关系、资源获取与新企业国际化——四家企业的案例研究

基于社会网络理论和资源基础理论,本研究通过运用跨案例研究方法,以浙江四家新企业国际化为例,分析网络关系如何促进新企业在国际化过程中进行资源的获取。研究表明,根据网络连接的强弱与地理距离分类,新企业在国际化过程中建立的网络关系可以分为国内强连接、国内弱连接、国外强连接与国外弱连接,这四种不同类型的网络关系在新企业国际创业过程中扮演不同的角色。对于创业者具有本土背景和具有国际背景的国际新企业而言,不同类型的网络连接对于国际化过程资源获取作用不同。     

新生代企业家“双传承”素质能力提升策略研究--共青团如何助力新生代企业家发展

新生代企业家是青年人才中的重要群体,是推动经济社会发展的重要生力军。目前,共青团启动了新生代企业家培养计划,希望通过采取相关措施加强新生代企业家队伍建设和培养支持。基于此,论文从共青团的视角出发,以当地新生代企业家为研究对象,采用问卷调查、座谈调研和实地走访等方式开展研究,分析了新生代企业家的群体特征、发展现状、目前的培养路径,并提出了一些建设性对策建议。     

Global mindset and the internationalization of small firms: The importance of the characteristics of entrepreneurs

Despite being a relatively new concept, the importance of the global mindset is already well-documented. So far research has primarily focused on multinational companies and therefore the operationalization of the concept is still a work in progress. Recognizing the importance of entrepreneurs in small companies, yet mindful of the gaps that exist, this paper addresses the factors that constitute the global mindset and their influence on the internationalization of small Portuguese companies. Using information-processing theory through a quantitative, survey-based study and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the results show the importance of the characteristics of both entrepreneurs and firms in explaining the global mindset, and confirm the impact they have on internationalization behavior. The entrepreneur??s level of education, their satisfaction with company performance in the domestic market and the potential for growth in the domestic market all affect the global mindset model. The conclusions are useful for entrepreneurs and national authorities aiming to successfully implement internationalization practices, given the role of the global mindset in exploring global business opportunities and in the global success of companies. Replication of the research in different contexts is essential for the wider generalization of the results.     

Network embeddedness in the internationalization of biotechnology entrepreneurs

This study investigates how entrepreneurs of biotech enterprises embed in domestic and international networks so as to internationalize. We advance a contextual framework of embeddedness of internationalizing entrepreneurs, providing a contribution (i) by synthesizing and applying existing conceptual insights from the networking literature to provide a more culturally sensitive view of getting embedded for international entrepreneurship in the biotech industry and (ii) by adding insights into the practices and (micro)processes of how and in what ways embeddedness integrates with the internationalization of biotech entrepreneurs. Our study involves six entrepreneurs from Canada, Finland, and New Zealand. Context-specific embeddedness was studied by exploring the (i) type, (ii) strength, (iii) locality, and (iv) importance of the international and national network ties among internationalizing entrepreneurs. We found differences in relation to the locality of universities and research institutes, role and type of financiers, and customer focus in internationalization. For instance, while customers were central to the embeddedness of Canadian and New Zealand entrepreneurs, Finnish entrepreneurs had no focus on their customers, but acted solely through sales channels and partners. The customer focus of New Zealand entrepreneurs was mainly international, whereas it was domestic in the case of Canadian entrepreneurs.     

Improvised internationalization in new ventures: The role of prior knowledge and networks

How do entrepreneurs identify foreign market opportunities and how do they identify foreign market(s) and customers? We draw on the concepts of effectuation, improvisation, prior knowledge and networks to study the early internationalization of new ventures operating in the Irish Shellfish sector. We argue that the internationalization process was strongly influenced by two ‘resources to hand’: the entrepreneurs’ idiosyncratic prior knowledge and their prior social and business ties. We observe an effectuation logic and extensive improvisation in the internationalization process of these new ventures.     

民营企业家胜任力模型研究

本研究运用文献资料、问卷调查、德尔菲等和因子分析等方法构建了民营企业家胜任力一般模型。包括4个维度的19个要素。民营企业家的胜任力模型,在评价、选拔、任用合格、优秀的民营企业家有积极的借鉴意义;对现有民营企业家胜任能力的提高、评价和激励也有推动作用;对促进企业业绩的提升,实现发展跨越举足轻重。     

Humanistic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial career commitment

Although the crucial role of entrepreneurs in the process of establishing firms is common knowledge in SME research, a major theoretical problem has been how to combine theories of ‘persons’ (entrepreneurs) with theories of ‘organizations’ (firms).

In this study I suggest that what is missing is a dynamic or processual approach to the study of entrepreneurs. Just as organizations change during their development, so do persons. In order to understand how in particular new firms come about, we should look more closely into the dynamics of personal change that lead certain individuals to commit themselves to entrepreneurial careers.

A study of humanistic entrepreneurs in Denmark indicates that the process of becoming an entrepreneur can be seen as a particular kind of career commitment. The emergence of such career commitments is analysed. Different patterns of entrepreneurial career commitments are presented and explained in terms of both structural conditions and biographical self–narratives.     

培育新农村经济开发的领导者——农业企业家

农业企业化经营既是社会主义市场经济体制的要求,也是农业现代化和家庭联产承包责任制发展的一种必然结果。农业企业家是农业企业的核心人物,是新农村经济开发的领导者。文章提出了农业企业家培育机制模型,并系统提出相应对策主张。     

Cross-cultural analysis of the global mindset and the internationalization behavior of small firms

This research analyzes the influence of a global mindset on the internationalization behavior of Norwegian and Portuguese small firms. It specifically sets out to assess the role of global orientation of the entrepreneur and firm perspectives on the global market. Based on a sample of 354 small firms, we used structural equation modeling to conduct our analysis. The results show the differing importance of a range of factors in explaining global mindset in different contexts. The global mindset of Norwegian entrepreneurs conditions their behavior and international experience, while for Portuguese entrepreneurs it affects the cognitive domain and their technical expertise. Global mindset and global orientation have more relevant effects on the internationalization behavior of Norwegian firms than that of Portuguese firms.