基于Vague集和组合赋权的新能源汽车企业生态位适宜度测度与优化研究北大核心

新旧整车企业不断重塑高速发展的新能源汽车产业的格局,科学评价和预判深度变革新能源企业竞争现状和态势至关重要。本文基于Vague集理论和组合赋权法,对国内新能源汽车整车制造企业生态位适宜度展开研究。从企业生态位宽度和深度两个评价维度出发,基于资源和能力两个视角构建出新能源汽车企业生态位评价指标体系,借助Vague集、MACBETH法和熵权法建立生态位适宜度研究模型,以我国6个地区的上市新能源整车制造企业数据为样本进行实证分析。结果表明:企业生态位适宜度较高的企业大多是传统造车企业;造车新势力表现突出的主要原因是在短期内迅速提升企业生态位深度;传统造车企业行业转型的关键点在于维持企业生态位宽度的同时也要注重企业生态位深度提升。     

集群企业生态位协同演化模型研究

运用生态位理论研究区域集群企业与资源要素之间的功能关系,分析集群企业协同竞争的生态学基础。通过建立生态位协同演化模型对区域经济系统中两集群企业之间的协同竞争关系及其演化路径进行深入研究。特定集群企业要求特定生态位,特定生态位只能容纳特定集群企业。若集群企业在区域经济系统中出现生态位重叠,必然会发生资源利用的竞争;集群企业如果进行生态位分离,将能够避免相互之间的资源竞争,实现协同共生。集群企业应当根据市场需求、产品定位和技术创新的特点,实施生态位分离以更加有效利用区域资源。     

我国风电整机制造企业生态位状况定量评价研究

将生物学中生态系统和生态位的思想引入到风电整机制造产业,构建了风电整机制造业生态系统模型,用以反映其与供需主体及经济、社会和政策环境的相互关系,并通过由市场因子、生产资源因子、技术因子和制度因子构成的风电整机制造企业生态位,从产业生态系统的视角全面分析企业的生存和发展状况;建立了风电整机制造企业生态位评价指标体系,并采用突变模型评价法对中国6家本土风电整机制造企业的生态位进行定量评价。结果证实：提出的方法适用于评价企业与外部环境的协调能力和发展状况,能发现企业的竞争优势和发展的制约因素,能帮助企业制定发展战略。     

基于生态位适宜度的区域创新生态系统与创新效率研究

由于区域内创新资源的有限性,区域创新生态系统中创新主体生态位之间的重叠程度对创新效率的影响愈发的显著,基于此本文运用生态位适宜度评价模型对我国30个省市 2011~2015 年的创新生态系统适宜度水平进行了测度,并分别与运用超效率数据包络分析法所测得的区域知识创新效率和产品创新效率进行了面板数据的回归分析。结果显示,区域创新生态系统的生态位适宜度对两个阶段的创新效率均具有正向的相关关系,但这种影响只具有短期的时间维度,并不存在两年及以上的相互作用。区域创新生态系统的对外开放会对产品创新阶段的创新效率产生负面影响,同时会促进知识创新阶段创新效率的提高。最后,在协调系统内部各生态位之间的发展关系时,应注重区域内经济发展水平对两个阶段创新效率的促进作用。     

从生态位的角度分析我国汽车产业发展存在的问题

现在生态位的概念不仅应用在生态学研究的诸多领域,而且日益广泛地引入到经济和管理之中,成为经济和管理研究的新的方法.汽车产业对国民经济发展的推动作用是不容置疑的,现在是我国汽车产业产销繁荣的时期,但汽车产业存在问题也随之不断暴露;本文在阐明生态位内涵的基础上,分析了企业生态位与企业竞争、共生发展之间的关系,从生态位理论的视角指出我国汽车产业发展存在的问题,并根据问题提出相应的对策和建议.     

基于生态学理论的生态工业园系统模型研究

文章首先阐述了生态工业园的内涵,并在此基础上,运用生态学理物链及食物网、生态位、生态系统多样性及生态系统耐受性理论,对生态工业园中如何构筑企业共生体和生态产业链以及怎样提升园区竞争力和稳定性进行了深入研究;其次,作者模仿自然生态系统的运作模式,设计出生态工业园的系统结构模型,并分析了它的特征;从而为推进我国生态工业因建设提供理论参考依据.     

利基企业的商业生态系统战略决策模型研究

已有的研究对骨干企业的商业生态系统理论进行了比较深入的讨论,利基企业是生态系统中的大众和价值创造主体,研究其商业生态系统战略不仅具有重要的理论价值,同时也有助于提高初创企业的创业成功率,从而激活国民经济的活力。本文识别出利基企业在商业生态系统中面临着随整个系统灭亡、被核心企业捕食和与其它利基者竞争3种挑战,提出以商业生态系统和生态位评估为基础的利基企业商业生态系统战略决策模型。      

企业间竞合及生态位演化建模与仿真--以电信运营商与移动OTT商为例

应用突破性创新技术的移动OTT服务商与电信运营商出现企业生态位重叠,颠覆性地影响了电信运营商的传统业务,引发纷争。本文依据生态位理论,应用Lotka－Volterra模型刻画和揭示企业间不同的作用模式及其导致生态位演化的机理,仿真在不同模式下企业生态位的进化能力。结论显示,只有采取合作共生的模式,企业生态位才会协同进化。在此基础上,本文从平台创新角度,提出了电信运营商生态位扩展方式。     

基于组织生态学视角下的后发企业破坏性创新战略研究

生态位理论认为企业竞争优势来源于生态位的差异。后发企业获得跨越式发展必须有正确的战略选择,破坏性创新战略通过低端破坏、新市场破坏、混合破坏等方式实现了生态位的分离,最终形成新的生态位。对后发企业而言,破坏性创新战略选择改变了目前竞争的态势,为其发展提供了更多资源,从而最终改变其竞争地位。     

国际工程承包企业的生态系统平衡

国际工程承包企业是我国实施“走出去”战略的重要力量,在经济全球化的今天,我国工程承包企业应主动地在更广阔的市场空间进行拓展和优化,积极参与国际竞争与合作,以获得更多市场份额。目前,我国国际工程承包企业面临如何在国际复杂环境下实现可持续成长的新问题和新挑战。本文将国际工程承包市场体系作为一个商业生态系统,建立国际工程承包企业生态系统模型,分析企业生态系统模型中各组成部分之间的相互影响、相互作用关系,为国际工程承包企业对自身生态位的动态调整与定位提供参考。     

Big losses in ecosystem niches: how core firm decisions drive complementary product shakeouts

This study examines shakeouts in the context of business ecosystems. Market turbulence generated by core firm decisions in competing differentiated ecosystems can generate financial losses and exit for complementary niche market firms. I develop hypotheses predicting which niche markets will suffer larger losses and be more susceptible to shakeouts, and how core firm decisions will drive complementor performance and survival. I then apply these hypotheses to brand‐based differentiated ecosystems in the automotive industry, where networks of suppliers, customers, and complementors surround car manufacturers. More specifically, I study the complementary niche market of automotive leasing, where manufacturers sway leasing markets through product change, entry, and subsidization. To test the hypotheses, I use a proprietary dataset of 200,000 individual car leases between 1997–2002 to identify how manufacturer product design and niche market entry drive complementor losses and exit. These data allow a unique opportunity to understand how the strategic choices of core firms can have substantial and often devastating effects on niche markets in their ecosystem. Further, the results suggest how the dynamic capabilities to adapt to core firm behavior might improve performance for certain niche market complementors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工业产业集群品牌生态系统协同机理及运行机制研究

工业产业集群品牌生态系统由工业产业集群品牌集群及其所处的环境组成,而组成该生态系统根本目的是协同进化。本文首先对工业企业集群品牌生态系统内涵和特征进行分析,然后阐述了工业产业集群品牌生态系统协同进化的动因,动因主要有环境选择的压力、市场效应的拉力和自身发展的动力3个方面。基于此,文章构建了集群企业生态位宽度模型和工业产业集群品牌与外部环境协同演化模型,对工业产业集群品牌生态系统的企业间和企业与环境的协同演化机理进行了研究,最后提出包括管理机制、创新机制、整合机制和保障机制在内的4个运行机制,促进工业产业集群品牌生态系统良好运行。     

基于生态位的城市发展协调度评价

城市各子系统相协调是实现可持续发展的基本要求,科学评价其协调发展程度和发展状况是城市发展研究中需要解决的关键问题.本文在城市生态住分析框架下,参考城市发展协调度相关研究成果,提出了一个简明而实用的城市复合生态系统协调度评价模型,并以东北地区城市为例说明模型的运用与分析,以期对城市协调发展评价和发展对策制定提供参考和依据.     

Should leading brand manufacturers supply private label brands to retailers: Calibrating the trade-offs

The consolidation of retailers across markets has considerably altered the competitive dynamics between leading brand manufacturers and retailers. The era in which brand manufacturers dictate the game to compliant retailers is long gone. Nowadays, with more equal negotiation power retailers are no longer just channel partners but rather business partners with whom to build business-to-business relationships. This has become apparent especially since retailers have developed their own private label brands (PLB) and actively seek brand manufacturers to supply them. For brand manufacturers supplying PLB may bring potential benefits but may also harm profits. Thus, this research investigates conditions under which a leading brand manufacturer would be better or worse off in terms of profitability producing PLB for retailers. Using a game theoretic model, we calibrate the trade-offs between the shelf space devoted by the retailer to the manufacturer brand and the amount of profit required from supplying the PLB necessary to counteract cannibalization and to generate profits for the manufacturer, under different levels of uncertainty regarding the availability of alternative suppliers. Calibrating these trade-offs provides brand manufacturers clear guidelines for negotiations with retailers regarding shelf space allocation and wholesale prices to be profitable supplying PLB.     

Niche and performance: the moderating role of network embeddedness

What is the relationship between niche and performance? We identify two types of niche positions—product niche and process niche—defined by the extent to which a firm offers distinctive products and has distinctive operational processes, respectively. We argue that the effect of each niche on firm performance is contingent upon network embeddedness—the extent to which a firm is involved in a network of interconnected inter‐firm relationships. Using data covering the period 1995–98 pertaining to venture capital firms and their holdings in initial public offerings (IPOs), we show that both product niche and process niche interact with network embeddedness to determine firm performance. Our findings suggest that the extent to which a firm offers distinctive products or processes will be more positively associated with firm performance when network embeddedness is high. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Managing customer share in key supplier relationships

Supply base consolidation is an important issue in many business markets. Against this background, the allocation of purchasing budgets across vendors becomes an area of vital interest to suppliers. In the present research, we argue that customer share is a key decision variable in business marketing settings and investigate how a supplier can proactively manage the share of its customer's business. We report the results of a cross-sectional study among purchasing managers in U.S. manufacturing industries. Our findings confirm the role of customer value as an antecedent to customer share in business relationships. The study further shows that customer share influences the stability of key supplier relationships. Rather than displaying a direct impact, our results suggest that trust mediates and dependence moderates the link between customer share and search for alternative suppliers. Based on these findings, we propose a framework for managing customer share in key supplier relationships. Four approaches of how industrial vendors can proactively manage customer share are discussed.     

The role of supplier relationships in the development of new business ventures

New business ventures have rather limited resources, generally suffer from liabilities of smallness and newness and rely on external business relationships, typically with suppliers, for developing and acquiring necessary resources. Yet, to date, research on how new ventures develop initial relationships with suppliers and how these affect the nascent business has been limited. Taking the business network perspective and relating it to studies of supply chain and supplier involvement in product development, our study contributes to the rather limited body of knowledge on new ventures' supplier relationships. Empirically, we draw on a longitudinal, in-depth single-case study of the first two years of operation of a start-up. Our study shows that the development of the key initial supplier relationships starts from open-ended expectations of mutual future relational benefits and involves a stepwise ‘inter-definition’ of solutions in interaction between the parties. We observe that interdependences arise between the new venture and its key suppliers and these enable but also limit, the development paths of both partners. We argue that the key initial supplier relationships extend a new venture's resource and capability base and are an integral part of a new venture's business model.     

Competitions between OTT TV platforms and traditional television in Taiwan: A Niche analysis

This study examines how OTT TV and cable TV compete in Taiwan through an online survey conducted in March 2016 that collected a total of 620 qualified responses. In terms of niche breadth, our findings indicate that OTT TV scores higher than traditional TV for all seven dimensions, with the greatest difference manifesting in the dimension of convenience. For the niche overlap, results show that OTT TV and traditional TV share a high level of similarity on amusement and ease of use. Overall, OTT TV's competitive superiority surpasses that of traditional TV in all dimensions. Finally, in light of program types, news, movies, and sports effectively predict users' gratification with cable TV, whereas dramas and movies are predictive of users' gratification with OTT TV. Implications for research and practices are discussed herein.     

Buyer-seller relationships along channels of distribution

This paper uses a conceptualization of the IMP model of buyer-seller interactions in examining the stability of relationship-building constructs at different levels of a traditional distribution channel. It examines the relative importance of five constructs as determinants of upstream (i.e. with suppliers) and downstream (i.e. with customers) business relationships and tests for possible misalignment between channel intermediaries. The findings offer empirical support for the model structure and the functional perspective of channel structures is employed in explaining differences. In addition, this research provides considerable evidence to suggest that there is greater emphasis placed in the development of relationships with customers than suppliers.