基于共生理论的生产性服务企业与制造企业合作关系的实证研究

本文借助共生理论的研究框架,构建生产性服务企业与制造企业合作关系的实证模型,通过广东制造业的问卷调查与统计分析,探索生产性服务企业与制造企业共生单元、共生界面和共生环境各因素对其合作关系的影响.     

高管激励、约束机制与企业创新

党的十九大报告提出, 创新是引领发展的第一动力, 是建设现代化经济体系的战略支撑, 而建设现代化经济体系, 必须把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上。本文从公司治理的角度剖析了企业创新决策的驱动机制, 并基于2010～2016 年的中国制造业上市公司数据, 探讨了高管激励对企业创新的影响以及高管所面临的内外部约束机制对两者关系的调节作用。实证结果显示： （1） 在制造业企业中,高管股权激励与企业创新呈倒 U 型关系, 薪酬激励与企业创新呈正相关关系; （2） 内部约束机制会直接影响企业创新活动, 并间接强化高管激励效果, 而外部约束机制仅直接影响企业创新活动; （3） 内外部约束机制的联合作用会强化高管激励效果。本文为如何调动制造业企业高管的积极性和主动性进行创新活动, 进而为实现《中国制造2025》规划提供了借鉴。     

公司治理对国有和非国有企业效率的影响研究——基于2012~2015 年我国制造业上市公司数据

公司治理特征与公司绩效之间的关系一直是理论研究和实证分析的焦点。DEA 方法在公司治理与企业绩效之间的关系分析中的应用已受到越来越多的关注。本文选取2012~2015 年我国制造业上市公司数据,运用主成分分析和混合DEA 模型来剖析公司治理和公司效率之间的关系。输入变量是固定资产的净值、员工数量和公司治理,而输出变量是总收入和税前利润。对于国有和非国有制造业上市企业,公司治理是一个重要的影响公司效率的因素。研究结果表明：国有和非国有制造企业可以通过有效地使用员工、固定资产和改进公司治理来提高效率;而低效的公司治理是国有与非国有上市制造业企业效率低下的主要原因;同时,由于过度的公司治理,国有企业的低效率远高于非国有企业,这表明非国有企业的公司治理效率高于国有企业。     

装备制造业集群耦合结构:一个产业集群研究的新视角

我国老工业基地的装备制造业集群一直游离于产业集群理论与实证研究之外，本文在国内外研究人员产业集群研究成果基础上，结合装备制造产业特点，提出耦合的研究视角。文章借鉴系统耦合的思想，把装备制造业集群要素间的经济联系和内在产业关联抽象为制造企业耦合、集群产业耦合以及区域社会网络耦合三层结构，构建装备制造业集群耦合结构；结合集群耦合度模型，研究装备制造业集群的耦合机理和影响集群要素耦合度的因素。并以沈阳装备制造业集群为例，分析沈阳装备制造业集群发展中存在的问题，相应提出促进集群要素耦合的对策。     

造价改革背景下的工程造价审计影响因素分析——以建设单位内部审计为视角

为提升工程造价改革后的建设单位工程造价审计能力，需要系统分析影响其工程造价审计因素及层级关系。文章首先概述技术-组织-环境（TOE）理论以及解释结构模型（ISM），然后再从建设单位角度出发，结合TOE理论框架，对造价改革试点项目调研及专家访谈，识别了14个影响工程造价审计的主要因素；运用ISM模型计算得到各影响因素的关系及层级结构。研究表明：影响工程造价审计的顶层因素为合同文件等因素；中间层因素为市场价格等因素；底层因素为相关法律法规等因素。最后根据模型结果提出完善造价改革政策、建立健全内审职责以及提高内审人员及项目管理人员的综合能力水平等建议，为提高建设单位工程造价审计能力以及推动造价改革提供参考。     

装备能力保障指数赋能制造服务业高质量发展

伴随制造业数字化、网络化、智能化和工业互联网的进程加速,制造系统及装备的可靠、稳定和高效运行成为夯实融合发展的重要支撑。建立装备能力保障指数的基本指标,将基本指标应用于设备创新管理,提高制造企业装备保障水平,结合服务型制造供应链创新,提出促进制造服务业高质量发展的实施路径,对提高制造系统在装备建设与运维能力具有一定的参考价值。     

基于制造业技术创新的战略性贸易政策与我国产业结构优化研究

文章采用理论分析、数理建模、实证分析等方法,对战略性贸易政策在制造业技术创新、产业结构升级与优化中的重要作用进行了研究。研究结果表明：（1）LZFTR（政府资金投入）与CJP（初级品）的相关系数r＝-0.964,LZFTR与ZCP（工业制成品）的相关系数r＝0.982（P＜0.01）。表明战略性贸易政策能够有效降低初级品出口比重,增加工业制品的出口比重,从而促进出口贸易结构不断升级与优化;（2） 战略性贸易政策对高技术制造业产品出口贸易固定效应、随机效应模型系数值均为正,战略性贸易政策政府研究发展补贴每增加100%,高技术产业对外贸易结构就会优化0.0042,说明战略性贸易政策对高技术制造业产品的外贸易结构变化有正向促进作用;（3）战略性贸易政策对各高技术制造行业贸易结构的影响不尽相同,其对医药制造业及各小类行业对外贸易出口产业结构优化均有明显的促进作用,其对仪器仪表出口贸易结构优化有着明显的促进作用,但是对医疗设备与器械制造出口贸易结构优化的促进作用并不显著。在此基础上作者提出了推动我国实现产业结构优化的相关战略性贸易政策建议,以期为提高我国制造业的自主创新能力,优化产业结构提供一定的理论参考。     

论国有企业治理结构中的企业所有权安排——与杨瑞龙,周业安同志商榷

杨瑞龙、周业安同志在《论利益相关者合作逻辑下的企业共同治理机制》一文（《中国工业经济》1998年第1期,以下简称杨文）中提出了利用“利益相关者合作”逻辑创新国有企业治理结构的命题。对此,笔者有一些不同看法。鉴于国有企业治理结构是我国国有企业改革深化的关键问题,本文提出一些商榷意见,以求得在企业理论认识上的进一步深化和一致。一、“利益相关者合作”逻辑不能解决“所有者缺位”问题杨文在文中十分推崇“利益相关者合作”逻辑,一个重要的理论根据就是它能解决由政府的“廉价投票权”所引起的“所有者缺位”问题。建立在…     

基于角色理论和QFD方法的生态产业链利益相关者治理关键因素分析

本文分析了生态产业链利益相关者共同治理思想，基于角色理论，提出基于治理角色的生态产业链利益相关者治理理论，分析了市场导向型和行政导向型两大类生态产业链治理因素。借鉴质量机能展开（QFD ）面向顾客需求思想和演绎分析技术，将治理因素和生态产业链绩效目标相对应，通过重要度变换，确定生态产业链关键治理因素，并进行了比较分析。     

利益相关者视角下我国生态产业链治理困境与治理模式研究

基于我国生态产业链失稳、失灵现象,本文提出利益相关者共同治理研究思路.本文分析了我国生态产业链治理的背景;从内部整合性和外部调适性两个雏度,分析了影响生态产业链系统稳定性的风险因素;分析了政府、企业、第三社会组织和公众等主要利益相关者治理失灵困境;基于利益相关者理论,提出生态产业链利益相关者治理模型,分析了各利益相关者的治理功能和治理特征.     

Managing strategic system-building networks in emerging business fields: A case study of the Dutch smart grid sector

Companies that wish to launch innovative sustainability technologies can collaborate in strategic networks of actors from industry, government and research institutes to pro-actively build a business ecosystem around their new technology. This is called collective system building. In this paper, we examine how to effectively manage networks for collective system building. Based on a review of the literature, we identify the key factors of effective network management and we propose a conceptual framework for network management at the network level. Subsequently, we conduct a multiple-case study in the Dutch smart grid sector to examine how these key factors are implemented by system-building networks. We find differences with the existing network management literature regarding network composition, network management structure, governance modes, decision-making processes, project management, the free-rider problem and trust-building mechanisms. Our study contributes to a better understanding of effective management of system-building networks, which in turn can lead to greater success in establishing new business fields. We contribute to the literature on strategic business networks, specifically on emerging business networks building new business fields.     

工程项目管理企业(PM)与业主关系问题的探讨

在采用项目管理服务的管理方式下，工程项目管理企业(PM)和业主之间关系的好坏会直接影响到双方合作的成效，建立两间的良好关系，将增加项目管理服务业发展的市场动力来源。结合了南京国际广场工程项目管理的实践，对PM与业主之间的关系进行了分析，总结了实践中PM和业主之间存在的一些问题，提出了建立“伙伴关系”的建议，以及成功建立伙伴关系的几个重要因素。     

Revisiting exercise of power strategies from the perspective of information processing

The digitization of channel management changes how firms acquire, interpret, and analyze information, which needs to be considered when evaluating the efficacy of exercising power strategies on interfirm cooperation. Drawing insights from the three mechanisms of interorganizational information processing capability, we identify contingent factors that may affect the relationship between firms' exercise of power strategies and interfirm cooperation at the firm (i.e., IT capability), dyadic (i.e., relationship quality), and network (i.e., network density) levels. We analyzed data sampled from 288 manufacturing firms and found that manufacturers' IT capability weakens the negative effect of exercising coercive power and the positive effect of exercising noncoercive power on interfirm cooperation. At the dyadic level, relationship quality between manufacturer and distributor weakens the negative effect of exercising coercive power on interfirm cooperation. Finally, at the network level, distributors' network density strengthens the positive effect of exercising noncoercive power on interfirm cooperation. Our findings contribute to the marketing channel literature by shedding new light on the effects of the exercise of power on interfirm cooperation in this digital era and offer actionable managerial insights.     

电力多经企业可持续发展的战略思考

逐步推进电力主辅分离的改革是"十一五"深化电力体制改革的重要任务之一。实施改革后,电力多经企业面临新的战略环境。电力多经企业要实现可持续发展,必须深入分析其战略发展条件,应建立现代企业的法人治理结构、真正建立市场化的用人机制、树立积极开拓的市场观念、培育形成企业核心竞争力。电力多经企业可持续发展的战略举措是:实施集团化运作、集约化发展,优先发展主导产业,协同发展和建立企业战略联盟等。     

建设项目自组织智能管理模式研究

在工程实践和理论研究基础上,为提高建设项目的管理水平尝试性地提出了自组织智能管理模式(SOIMP),它是管理者面向建设项目的一种统一工作平台或系统工作方法。研究沿着管理系统获得、处理项目信息和管理系统动态特征的分析思路展开。选择岗位作为项目和项目管理系统之间的界面（接口）,全方位、全过程、全纵深地跟踪项目,通过岗位的特征属性无遗漏地刻画和表征项目。通过知识发现模型自组织地处理项目信息、发现项目知识,将项目转化为可以量化描述和研究的数学系统。在系统层次上分析管理模式的自组织机理,即对管理系统在对建设项目信息的捕捉和处理过程中表现出来的系统运动特征和规律的研究。     

REAL OPTION MODELS FOR MANAGING MANUFACTURING SYSTEM CHANGES IN THE NEW ECONOMY

The manufacturing environment is becoming increasingly dynamic with upsurges in electronic-commerce, supply chain management, forecasting, and procurement and resource planning. It also includes trends toward more process data acquisition and analysis, shorter production runs, and more stringent quality requirements. These drivers lead to an opportunity for companies to collect and use information to identify changes that will affect their manufacturing systems. In conjunction with an industry partner who produces home fashion products, we developed a case-study that highlights four major manufacturing transitions: new product introduction; moving a product from research and development (R&D) to commercialization: new plant location; and starting or restarting production of existing products. These types of changes cross many levels of the operation - including the product level, plant level, and organizational level - and typically present significant operational challenges. We use this case-study to motivate the theoretical and applied research needed to support a real option framework for system changes in manufacturing. The key elements of our framework are to quantify manufacturing changes, develop a real option model for these activities, value the options to identify the best scenarios, and integrate these elements so that we can monitor and manage the overall process. The advantage of this approach is that it allows us to directly incorporate a market driven perspective, tying the manufacturing operations with the organizational economic goals.     

建设项目财务效益审计系统的分析与设计

根据建没项目审计形势的要求，为了改善审计环境和提高审计工作效率，文章提出了构建建设项目财务效益审计系统，运用信息系统工程的方法对该系统作了功能需求、业务流程及信息流程分析，在系统分析的基础上设计出整个系统总体结构。事实证明，构建建设项目财务效益审计系统不仅是可行的，更是极具潜力的。     

Cooperative Innovation Projects: Capabilities and Governance Mechanisms*

This paper is concerned with how firms in a project‐based industry cooperate in technological innovation projects in the construction industry. The main focus of the paper is on the sharing of capabilities in cooperative innovation projects and how these cooperations are governed. A knowledge‐based perspective is applied, and four cooperative innovation projects in the construction industry are compared. Based on the case studies, a set of propositions is defined. First, a cooperation aimed at a mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms, while maintaining their own differentiated knowledge base, can result in more stable and long term relationships with mutual trust between the cooperating firms. Second, in a cooperation aimed at a mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms, partners not only gain access to each other's technological capabilities but also develop and share knowledge about organizational aspects and market situations and gain knowledge about the way of working of the partner firm. Third, in a cooperation aimed at mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms, noncodifiability of the capabilities is conditional to create a win–win situation. And fourth, cooperation aimed at a mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms is based on mutual competence and intentional trust as its main governance mechanism, whereas contracting between market parties aimed at knowledge–output transactions is represented by limited trust and arms' length (contractual) relationships as its main governance mechanism.     

Corporate Governance and returns on information technology investment: evidence from an emerging market

Prior studies have reported mixed findings on the impact of corporate information technology (IT) investment on firm performance. This study investigates the effect of corporate governance, an important management control mechanism, on the relation between IT investment and firm performance in the Taiwanese electronics industry. Specifically, we explore board independence and foreign ownership, which have increasingly become salient factors concerning corporate governance in emerging markets. We address their roles across firms of different sizes and in industries where degrees of competitiveness run a wide gamut. Our results show a positive moderating effect of board independence on the IT investment‐firm performance relation, especially when competition intensifies. Furthermore, we find that the greater the foreign ownership in small firms, the more positive the IT investment‐firm performance relation, suggesting that foreign investors may bring IT expertise to help small firms reap the benefits of using IT. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

项目文化建设的实施障碍及对策探讨

针对建筑业常见的利益冲突问题及对抗性的项目文化，提出了建设基于信任、合作的项目文化的重要意义。从项目文化磁场的角度分析了项目文化的形成机理，得出通过项目文化建设来加快制度建设与实施新型项目管理模式的可行性，并以此为基础，从项目核心文化建设、组织模式变革及信息技术应用、组织文化塑造等方面提出了项目文化建设的对策及建议，旨在促进传统项目管理模式的变革，提高项目管理水平。