Accounting Losses and Earnings Response Coefficients: The Impact of Leverage and Growth Opportunities

This paper investigates how accounting losses affect the relationship between accounting earnings and stock returns, i.e. earnings response coefficients (ERCs), in different leverage and growth categories. In a sample of NYSE firms between 1975 and 1990, the exclusion of losses improves the ERCs considerably. While the impact of losses on ERCs is highest in the subgroup including high growth opportunity firms, the exclusion of losses does not improve ERCs as significantly among firms with low growth opportunities. The results further support the hypothesis that the impact of losses on ERCs is different in different financial leverage subgroups. The measured increase in ERCs is most significant among the least levered firms. The observation that the impact of losses on ERCs is related to growth opportunities and financial leverage is clearly observable also in different size categories. The effects of growth opportunities and financial leverage are also incrementally important with respect to each other. In general, the results indicate that the impact of growth opportunities and financial leverage on ERCs is clearly observable especially when losses and profits are analyzed separately.     

Measuring and Reporting The Nation's Finances: Statistics and Accounting

Measuring and reporting the nation's finances are based on government budgeting, national accounting and the accounting discipline, which are all fundamentally different. The nature and extent of these differences has rarely been made explicit. The most visible change in the accounting discipline in the second half of the 20th century was the emergence of codifications of accounting, with concomitant policy–making processes that allow for 'due process'. One result is that each codification is different within countries such as the UK and US, as well as between them. The codifications for government budgeting and national accounting are different again. The article offers some broad conclusions.     

上市公司控股模式与公司业绩分析

本文以我国上市公司为研究对象,从控股模式角度分析了上市公司股权结构对公司业绩的影响,不同的持股模式对上市公司业绩的影响主要体现在他们对各种公司治理机制效率的影响上,本文以代理理论为基础,分别对基于监督机制、激励机制、代理权争夺机制和收购机制四种公司治理机制的控股模式进行分析,结果表明。不存在某种控股模式对四种公司治理机制效率的影响具有绝对优势,但把四个方面综合起来,再结合我国目前的法律体系、市场环境以及历史因素,可以得出结论:相对控股模式更有利于公司业绩的提升。     

通胀预期与物价变化关系实证研究

本文分析了通胀预期的表现形式,重点探讨了通胀预期与物价变化的关系。研究结果显示,通胀预期对不同种类的价格影响程度是不同的,对消费品价格变化影响较小,CPI对通胀预期缺乏敏感;对企业生产品价格影响程度远大于对消费品价格的影响。     

Insurance broker–client relationships: An assessment of quality and duration

This study examines the relationship between brokers and clients in the UK insurance industry. The overriding concern is evaluation of the duration of the different stages in a relationship and characteristics that have an impact on the quality of a relationship. As in previous work, trust, commitment and customer satisfaction positively influence relationship outcomes but not in equal measures and have different impacts at different stages. A model describing these stages, unique to this relationship, is tested but the impact of different characteristics is still inconclusive. Service quality is found to be a mediating variable and has significant impact. The results, based on a sample of 118 clients, reveal that relationships need to be re-examined in an industry and time-specific way. Additional research issues are identified.     

货币政策区域效应差异化研究——基于韶关与惠州的比较

对货币政策区域效应差异化进行研究,有利于增强货币政策执行的灵活性以及金融资源的区域优化配置。通过对广东韶关市与惠州市两地区的货币政策影响进行实证研究表明,两个地区的货币政策存在较为显著的时滞效应。为此,应制定有差别的货币政策,培育地区特色主导产业,健全和完善货币政策传导机制。     

我国货币政策传导机制有效性研究:条件与结论

对几种货币政策传导机制的利用是否有效,取决于市场失衡的程度与开放的程度以及经济发展不同时期的机遇。目前我国新兴市场资金流动与各市场间的联系主要受资产价格传导机制作用的引导,而不是利率传导。人民币升值带来的机遇并非仅发生在商品市场,更发生在资本市场,汇率传导机制的作用虽然影响了出口,但是目前却更有利于资本输出下的海外收购与兼并,从而降低了通货膨胀传递下商品市场的投资成本。     

制度环境、政治关系与会计信息质量——来自中国民营上市公司的检验

文章以2007～2009年中国613家民营上市公司为样本,考察了制度环境、政治关系与企业会计信息质量三者的相互关系。研究发现:政治关系显著影响我国民营上市公司会计信息质量,有政治关系的民营上市公司会计信息质量显著低于无政治关系的民营上市公司,且这种影响存在显著的地域差异,中西部地区有政治关系的民营上市公司会计信息质量显著低于无政治关系公司,但东部地区民营上市公司政治关系对会计信息质量的影响并不显著,究其根源是因为我国不同地区存在显著的制度差异,制度环境能有效削弱政治关系对民营上市公司会计信息质量的影响。     

房地产税收结构与房价关系的研究

近些年,房价问题引起社会普遍关注。本文通过建立面板数据模型,研究了不同地区的房地产税收对房价的影响。研究表明房地产税收对房价有影响,但各个税种在不同地区的影响效果和贡献度不同。因此,差别化房地产税收制度结构是当前房地产市场调控的关键。     

Institutional characteristics and the development of crowdfunding across countries

The diffusion of crowdfunding among countries differs consistently, based, in part, on differences in national institutional environments. This study analyses the influence of formal and informal institutions in 27 different countries during the 2014–2017 period, on the development of crowdfunding. Our results show that the crowdfunding market – across all the different crowdfunding typologies- is larger in countries characterized by a business-friendly legal environment, and well-developed financial market in the case of lending crowdfunding. Individualistic societies register higher crowdfunding activity across the different typologies; lending crowdfunding is more widespread in countries characterized by higher uncertainty-avoidance and, together with equity crowdfunding, in long-term oriented societies.     

Urban sustainability and knowledge: Theoretical heterogeneity and the need of a transdisciplinary framework. A tale of four towns

The academic debate on «sustainable city» is like a large arena, where heterogeneous approaches and contributions, coming from different disciplines, flow into without converging on a common vision. The growing awareness that an increasing percentage of the world's population now lives in urban areas makes the organization of this space a crucial issue for global sustainable development. In order to acquire this challenge, urban studies need to overcome conceptual oppositions, seeking new integrated responses to implement the principle of sustainability at urban scale. This effort requires a new managerial approach of science and policy, which can be based on a transdisciplinary vision to knowledge production. The paper is divided into four different sections. The first and second sections review the theoretical literature on urban sustainability and explore the conceptual relations between knowledge and knowledge production in urban governance processes. The third section presents a comparative empirical analysis based on a survey of 2213 questionnaires carried out in four different urban contexts. The fourth and last section outlines the conclusion, suggesting a new approach to manage knowledge in urban governance, in a trans-disciplinary perspective.     

当前养老方式与未来养老意愿的关系研究

本文基于对湖北省的武汉市、宜昌市、荆门市、枝江市和建始县花屏镇、黄梅县孔垄镇已婚者的调查问卷与个案访谈,实证了当前中国社会实际的老年奉养方式,以及一般人基于不同立场所表达的对于老年奉养方式的偏好。研究结果显示,当前父母与已婚子女同住依旧占绝大多数,由子女提供生活费来源也是较为普及的经济奉养方式;站在不同立场考虑年老奉养问题时,得到不同的倾向性;目前的家庭结构与父母经济奉养的方式对个人未来的奉养态度也具有一定的影响作用。     

Fear of foresight: Knowledge and ignorance in organizational foresight

We discuss the changes occurring in the field of organizational foresight. The analysis results from viewing foresight from two different perspectives: as centered on the future or on the present; as macroscopic analysis or microscopic practice. The combination of these factors results in four different modes of organizational foresight: strategic planning, visioning, scenario thinking and planned emergence. These different perspectives are examined. We contribute to the literature by presenting foresight as a complex process, amenable to different understandings. Foresight is often portrayed as a technical and analytic process. We discuss it as a human process permeated by a dialectic between the need to know and the fear of knowing.     

会计及会计要素内涵新论

学界对会计及会计要素内涵的界定问题至今没有明确的阐述和解释。会计是经济活动的数量描述。经济资源获取与配置——经济资源转移与耗费——经济资源补偿与收回,概括了经济资源在企业经济活动中的运动过程以及在这个运动过程中的不同功能。而经济资源的不同功能、不同状态在会计上以特定的概念加以界定便形成了会计要素。     

现金股利政策与企业生命周期——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

以中国2006～2010年A股上市公司为样本,基于企业生命周期考量公司现金股利政策与企业生命周期之间的关系。结果表明:中国上市公司生命周期不同阶段现金股利政策具有显著的差异,公司盈利能力是形成企业不同生命周期阶段现金股利政策差异的显著原因。企业不同生命周期公司治理结构差别不大,在不同生命周期阶段对企业现金股利政策的影响在不同生命周期阶段也大同小异。     

The dialectics of globalization: what are the effects for management and organization in Germany and Japan

The globalization literature has been limited cumulative. Different disciplines have different accents, use different definitions, rely on divergent theories and focus on different units of analysis. As a corollary, they have come to divergent opinions on the concept of globalization, on its broader consequences as well as on the more specific consequences for organization and management. This article contributes to the literature by proposing a societal theory of institutional change to analyze globalization effects in a more systematical way. It explores the effects of globalization forces on organization and management in Germany and Japan in comparison to the US and the UK, by tracing their impact on the systems of corporate governance, industrial relations and human resources. The article shows that different patterns of change exist at different levels of analysis. These differences help us explain why no generalized pattern of convergence towards the same economic model should be expected.     

管理层薪酬和持股激励效应的行业性差异分析--来自我国上市公司的实证证据

本文的研究以我国上市公司不同行业的实际数据为考察样本,运用实证分析方法验证我国上市公司不同类型行业管理层薪酬和持股与公司绩效之间的相关关系,分析结果表明:我国上市公司管理层薪酬和持股激励效应存在着较大的行业性差异,并提出不同行业企业应该根据自身特点和性质以及管理层薪酬和持股激励效应的大小,相机选择薪酬激励或股权激励,制定出详细周密、客观有效、切合实际的企业管理层激励方案,从而使其激励效应最大化。     

Life‐Cycle Expenditure and Retirees’ Cost of Living

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we document the expenditure life‐cycle profile in the United Kingdom and show how differences in the consumption bundle of retirees and workers translate into different inflation experiences. Albeit different in given years, the inflation experienced by the two groups is not significantly different over a long time period. We also show how the distribution of household inflation evolved over time, with particular emphasis on the period around the latest financial crisis. Second, we estimate an Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) demand system and compute the change in the cost of living and the substitution effect for both retirees and workers for the period 1990–2014. Finally, we show how pension income would evolve during that period under three alternative indexation measures for different cohorts of retirees. The indexation measure that results in the highest pension income depends on the time of retirement.     

相互依赖、信任对企业关系导向合作的影响分析

关系导向合作主要是基于效率动机、稳定动机和互惠的动机。关系导向合作是企业之间相互依赖和信任的结果;信任与企业关系导向合作之间的关系受到依赖程度的调节影响,信任对关系导向合作的影响因不同的依赖水平而不同;相互依赖程度和关系导向合作之间的关系受到信任水平的调节影响,当信任水平较低时,依赖不对称程度对关系导向合作的影响是反向的;当信任水平较高时,依赖不对称程度对关系导向合作的反向影响就会变得不明显或者甚至是正向的影响;对称的相互依赖和信任之间的互动,有利于企业长期的关系导向合作。     

高管背景特征与企业绩效关系实证研究

高层管理团队(TMT)背景特征与企业绩效之间的关系引起广泛的关注。以房地产上市公司为例,基于高层管理团队的异质性理论,实证研究了TMT背景特征对公司财务绩效不同指标的影响。并且对不同绩效公司进行分组检验背景特征的影响变化,结果发现,TMT背景特征对不同企业的绩效影响不同,年龄与教育背景多样化程度能提高企业绩效,薪酬水平与企业绩效负相关,其余背景特征对企业绩效并无显著影响,不同绩效分组的影响因素也不同。最后据此提出了针对性的政策建议。