中国传统哲学与企业发展循环经济的和境

循环经济是一种新的经济增长方式和新的环保理念。企业作为社会生产和经济增长的主体,在循环经济中占据着重要的地位,是全社会发展循环经济的基础。本文主要分析了中国传统文化中关于人与自然关系的处世哲学,对于进一步充实循环经济的哲学基础具有重要的理论价值。     

探讨循环经济意义及机制运行的创新方法

循环经济是一种生态经济,是转变经济增长方式,实现经济、资源、环境协调发展的重要途径.深入研究循环经济的理论和大力推进相关机制的建立健全,是发展循环经济的重要任务.该文分析了发展循环经济的重要意义,并结合我国循环经济发展的实际,提出了发展循环经济的基本措施及机制运行的创新方法.     

略论循环经济立法中的利益平衡

循环经济本质上是一种以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心的生态经济,是实现可持续发展的经济增长模式。文章阐述了要发展循环经济,构建循环型社会,在循环经济立法中必须注意平衡几个方面的利益。     

循环经济对企业成本核算的影响分析

循环经济发展模式是符合可持续发展理念的一种经济增长模式,被认为是从机制上消除长期以来环境、资源与发展之间矛盾,实现可持续发展的有效途径。循环经济的兴起正在改变着经济增长的方式,也必将改变企业的运行模式及其管理活动。循环经济的发展给企业带来了新的会计问题,尤其是如何合理而准确地核算成本。本文分析了正确处理循环经济环境下成本核算的必要性,并针对循环经济下企业成本核算的若干问题进行初步探讨。     

大力发展循环经济的对策

在深化改革的历史拐点下,经济发展的方向及政策对经济的发展与增长具有更为直接的影响。在经济增长新常态下,国内政府对于经济增长的态度发生了变化,如何寻求人与自然、经济与自然的协调发展,更是政府在规划经济发展时无法规避的一项重要课题。在有限的资源总量下发展循环经济是必然趋势,依托循环经济发展模式及方法带动经济可持续发展也是一种较好的选择。本文将对循环经济发展事宜进行研究,并就如何大力发展循环经济提出了合理化建议。     

绿色壁垒与循环经济

循环经济是一种集经济增长和环境保护于一体的发展模式。在积极发展循环经济、改变经济增长的方式的前提下,绿色壁垒对发展中国家推行可持续发展战略,实现贸易、环境的良性互动具有的积极意义,能够给发展中国家的提升产业结构, 发展无污染的绿色产业,推出适应世界绿色潮流的新产品创造市场机遇。     

浅论旅游循环经济的人文精神

循环经济是一种追求人与自然和谐发展的经济增长模式,发展旅游循环经济可以提高旅游资源和能源的利用效率,最大程度减少废弃物排放,在不同层面上将生产和消费纳入可持续发展的框架中,实现旅游经济和环境的共赢,促进旅游业的科学发展。通过对旅游循环经济的人文精神研究认为:实现"以人为本"的和谐旅游是发展旅游循环经济的根本目的;"人"是发展旅游循环经济的依托力量;是构建和谐的"人地关系"是发展旅游循环经济的核心任务。     

论循环经济的特点及发展层次

与传统的经济增长方式相比,循环经济是一种新的经济增长模式。它具有自己鲜明的特点和发展层次。本文试从以上两个方面进行专门论述。     

基于循环经济背景下煤炭企业管理的模式的认识

循环经济是指投入最少的自然资源进行社会生产,最小限度的排放环境废弃物,尽量不对环境造成危害和破坏的经济发展模式。循环经济是社会经济发展的未来趋向,作为一种经济持续发展、社会全面进步、人与自然和谐相处的发展模式,循环经济是煤炭企业经济增长方式实现根本转变的有效途径。     

发展循环经济 建立节约型社会

循环经济是以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心、可持续发展的经济增长模式。发展循环经济是落实科学发展观的核心内容。在我国 ,发展循环经济更具有现实性和紧迫性 ,但循环经济不是简单的废物回收 ,而是构建一种全新的发展模式 ,要考虑资源秉赋特征和区域比较优势 ;大力发展高科技产业 ,走新兴工业化道路 ;发展第三产业 ,优化经济结构 ;大力提倡绿色消费 ,树立可持续消费观。     

The Use of Metaphor in the Exploration of the Brand Concept

The use of metaphor in research and in marketing is discussed. A typology is presented for the structure of the use of metaphor in understanding the brand concept. Three underpinning or ‘root’ metaphors are identified together with fourteen associated branch or submetaphors. The three root metaphors are: brand as diferentiating mark, brand as person and brand as asset. A number of issues surrounding the use of metaphor in the literature on branding are identified. These include the mixing of metaphors and attempts to treat metaphors as if they are terms or constructs capable of separate definition, instead of devices by which we can understand more about the brand concept. Certain metaphors, such as brand loyalty, have become terms and have then taken on a separate meaning from the original entity they were meant to illuminate. An emergent root metaphor, brand as role, is identified as having potential to develop a broader understanding of the brand concept.

A life stage model is derived to explain how the role and use of individual metaphors evolves or changes over their life. Metaphors may pass through as many as four life stages: creation, when the metaphor is first used; a second stage in which the metaphor may become dormant; a life stage when the metaphor is at its most active; and a death stage when the metaphor becomes a term.     

价值基础的建构:略论社会主义核心价值观的提炼与表述

核心价值观是一个国家与政党自我认同的密码,也是体现国家软实力的"核心"基因。提炼社会主义核心价值观要做到:弄清文本依据、明确学理基础、尊重实践逻辑、把握价值导向和获得群众认同。据此,可以将社会主义核心价值观表述为:以人为本、公正和谐、天下大同。     

Neoclassical theories of stationary relative prices and the supply of capital

In the traditional versions of the neoclassical theory of value and distribution, the stock of existing capital, understood as either an amount of value or an endowment of capital goods, was taken as given together with the available quantities of labour and natural resources. This characteristic of the early neoclassical theories is analysed through comparison with the modern neo‐Walrasian models of stationary equilibrium, where the stock of capital is not among the givens. It is shown here that the attempt to present capital as a factor of production on a par with labour and land led the early neoclassical authors to write the zero‐net‐accumulation condition, which was required by the stationarity of relative prices, in the form of a market‐clearing condition for the supply of and demand for capital. The rate of interest was therefore understood as the price determined by this market. As is known, however, the view of capital as a factor of production and the rate of interest as the price for its use failed to work and involved several problems, some of which are discussed here.     

Dynamic Minimization of Worst Conditional Expectation of Shortfall

In a complete financial market model, the shortfall-risk minimization problem at the terminal date is treated for the seller of a derivative security F . The worst conditional expectation of the shortfall is adopted as the measure of this risk, ensuring that the minimized risk satisfies certain desirable properties as the dynamic measure of risk, as proposed by Cvitanić and Karatzas (1999) . The terminal value of the optimized portfolio is a binary functional dependent on F and the Radon-Nikodym density of the equivalent local martingale measure. In particular, it is observed that there exists a positive number x * that is less than the replicating cost x_F of F , and that the strategy minimizing the expectation of the shortfall is optimal if the hedger's capital is in the range [ x *, x_F ].     

The Emergence of Iran in the World Car Industry: An Estimation of its Export Potential

In the past 10 years Iran has been emerging as a major car producer in the world. However, due to delays in economic reforms, Iranian car exports have not increased as much as production. This paper presents a first estimation of the Iranian export potential in the car industry. Based on new theoretical developments of the gravity equation, an empirical bilateral trade model is proposed. It includes sectoral variables (car production, import tariffs), as well as other original variables, such as expectations and hysteresis. We then develop a dataset which includes the 40 major car‐exporting countries in the world, 34 importing countries, a 10‐year time period as well as four car production groups. The model is then estimated by using alternative panel data estimators, such as those of Hausman and Taylor and dynamic estimators as well as transformed variables estimators. Export potential is finally calculated from the residuals of the model. Results show that Iranian current car exports are about 100 times less than their fitted values. This indicates that there is a significant export potential for Iran, especially toward India, China, Russia, as well as smaller neighbours (Turkey, Pakistan, Central Asian countries). As a result, Iran could become the major auto supplier in the Middle East. However, this requires the completion and success of ongoing economic reforms.     

Product Placement of Medical Products

Abstract

Product placement is a well-established marketing technique that nevertheless continues to provoke considerable criticism and debate. Likewise, direct-to-patient marketing of pharmaceuticals is legally acceptable but is controversial among ethicists and medical professionals. Little has been published regarding the ethical challenges and pitfalls involved in medical marketing, including the issues of whether medical products should be treated differently from consumer products and whether pharmaceuticals are distinct from medical devices. Discussed are examples of pharmaceutical marketing as well as an episode from the Chicago Hope television program in which a medical device was touted as a solution for a problem for which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the use of the device. Legal and ethical considerations for product placement of medical products as they influence patient demand are also analyzed, as well as some of the pitfalls that may accompany direct marketing of medical products.     

Immediacy: A Remark on the Vitalism of Aesthetic Organising

Mostly aesthetics are treated as a quality among others, characterising an object whether it is seen as an essential object-feature or a dimension in the observation and construction of "the object". In this article, we elaborate on a more radical conceptualisation, where aesthetics are seen as desire and force, as an essential feature of expressivity, and as the actual it is born in the motion between language and visibility, between speaking and seeing, but as the substantive, it is always already dissolved by the absolute horizon, that which never actualises, always outside the general, abstract and inaccurate conceptualisation of difference, as difference between the actual and the possible, withhold in the inescapable remnants of virtualitity, its own deferment, as always becoming-other . In this sense, it is an aesthetic which comes into being though the voices of Maurice Blanchot and Gilles Deleuze.     

Motivational complexity of green consumerism

This paper elaborates on the motivational complexity of green consumerism using a simple model of motivation as an analytical tool. The objective is to provide insights into the challenges that environmentally concerned ‘green consumers’ may face in the markets, as well as to illustrate the limitations of framing and targeting environmental policy measures in terms of individual motivation and morally responsible decision making. On the whole, the paper argues that as a private lifestyle project of a single individual, ‘green consumerism’ is much too heavy a responsibility to bear. Therefore, the author joins the growing number of scholars who argue that in environmental policy the focus on individual consumers is limited and thus needs to be problematized.     

A Contingency Model of Supplier-Reseller Satisfaction Perceptions in Distribution Channels

Abstract

It is important for a supplier to be clear as to which customer service attributes are important to the reseller, as well as the supplier performance level as expected and perceived by the reseller. This paper investigates the difference between reseller satisfaction as expressed by the reseller and presumed reseller satisfaction as interpreted by the supplier. The authors formulate and empirically test six hypotheses to determine the influence of certain environmental variables on the difference in perceived satisfaction in a channel context. They find differences in perceived satisfaction levels across matched dyads composed of one reseller and the supplier's representative responsible for that account. All of the environmental conditions tested were significant drivers of a difference in satisfaction. Specifically, sales representatives tend to underestimate reseller satisfaction when product line growth is increasing, when pricing policy is excellent, and when the channel configuration is indirect. Sales representatives overestimate reseller satisfaction when the reseller is larger, when there is more rivalry, and when the reseller perceives itself as more powerful.     

劳动力与劳动的价值分析

劳动力是潜在的凝聚状态的劳动,劳动是显现的流动状态的劳动力;在生产资料私有制为主体(资本主义)的条件下劳动力是主体性商品;在生产资料公有制为主体(社会主义)的条件下劳动是主体性商品;劳动的价值即人的劳动的价值,就是人的具体劳动中所包含的抽象的人类劳动;作为一种特殊的原始性商品,劳动的价值是指具体劳动中所包含的抽象的活劳动,而活劳动的价值量则等于该劳动所创造的物化劳动的价值量.