Attention All Shoppers,Queer Customers in Aisle Two: Investigating Lesbian and Gay Discrimination in the Marketplace

In this paper, drawing on epistemologies in social and behavioral sciences, we discuss the tenuous social-cultural climate of sexual minorities within markets. Discourses across disciplines address the socio-political and cultural evolution of sexual minorities, most notably self-identified and out lesbians and gay men. Yet, consumptive and marketing spheres offer mixed metaphors about the value and desirability of lesbians and gays, and often work to enact the homophobic at an institutional level. We review research on homonegative bias and heteronormativity within psychological and sociological domains, and then illustrate how homonegativity toward perceived lesbians and gays is structurally enacted within the marketplace. We posit four methodological strategies that may be used to further research queries in these domains, and comment on the ethical parameters of using deception to investigate discriminatory behavior against (perceived) lesbians and gay men.     

Protectionism： Past,Present ＆ Future

Historically, protectionism was associated with economic theories such as mercantilism （that believed that it is beneficial to maintain a positive trade balance）, and .import substitution. During that time, Adam Smith famously warned against the interested sophistry of industry, seeking to gain advantage at the cost of the consumers. Virtually all modem day economists agree that protectionism is harmful in that its costs outweigh the benefits, and that it impedes economic growth.     

Business Ethics in the Greater China Region: Past,Present, and Future Research

While business ethics has generated a great deal of research internationally over the last few decades, academic reviews of the business ethics literature remain limited. Moreover, there has been little attempt to date to analyze this literature specifically in the Greater China region, which has been experiencing rapid socioeconomic growth and dynamic evolution of business ethics in recent decades. This paper addresses this research gap by undertaking a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the business ethics literature on Greater China. In particular, it maps out the existing research findings, identifies limitations in methodology, and suggests future directions for business ethics research in this region. The findings indicate that the scholarly interests cover 24 research themes, including corporate social responsibility and social performance; ethical beliefs, judgment, values, decision-making, and culture; workplace ethics and behavior; marketing ethics and consumer behavior; and sustainability. This review reveals a growing imbalance between empirical and conceptual/theoretical studies on business ethics. In addition, the published works covered in this review heavily rely on survey method and convenience sampling, with a predominant focus on a single individual level of analysis. Importantly, this study identifies four directions for future research: contextualized theoretical development, addressing multilevel research, developing research design tailored to the Chinese context, and ensuring more diversified and rigorous data collection.     

公允价值应用:过去、现在与未来

<正>历史成本由于在决策相关性方面的不足,使其一直备受理论界与实务界的诟病。特别是上世纪80年代美国2000多家金融机构因从事金融工具交易而陷入财务困境后,历史成本在重大风险预报方面的缺陷更显突出。基于此,国外准则制定机构于90年代后开始考虑在会计准则中引入公允价值计量模式。     

The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution: Past,Present, and Future

The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution is a methodology for the modeling and analysis of strategic conflicts. An historical overview of the graph model is presented, including the basic modeling and analysis components of the methodology, the decision support system GMCR II that is now used to apply it, and the recent initiatives that are currently in various stages of development. The capacity of this simple, flexible system to provide advice to decision-makers facing strategic conflicts is emphasized throughout, and illustrated using a real-life groundwater contamination dispute.     

Defining Supply Chain Management: In the Past,Present, and Future

The article titled “Defining Supply Chain Management” published in 2001 in the Journal of Business Logistics has been cited over 4,900 times in the last 17 years. In this paper, we first provide a historical review of how the article originated and the contributions the article made to both the theory and practice of supply chain management (SCM). Next, we highlight the key market and technological changes that have emerged in SCM followed by how the theory proposed in the 2001 article can still be relevant to support SCM research and practice going forward. We also propose ways of configuring a supply chain and partnering across companies to serve customers in an optimal way. We conclude with a call for research on developing new frameworks to better describe, explain, predict, and shed light on the evolving nature of SCM.     

The Past,Present and Future of Relationship Marketing

In the light of the redefinition of 'marketing' by the AMA in service/relational terms, and a recent review of the current vector of research in marketing (Littler and Tynan 2005), it seems an appropriate time to provide a substantial review of the past, present and likely future of what has become known as Relationship Marketing, together with an extensive list of key RM literature. This paper will take a reader through the origin, development and current state of RM research, with notes on the future of the research and practice of RM. The paper concludes that RM is here to stay, whether or not it is recognised as the dominant logic/paradigm of marketing.     

中国人口科学研究的过去、现在与未来

新世纪 ,新千年 ,我们为我国步入低生育水平国家行列、人口控制工作取得举世瞩目的成就而欢欣鼓舞的同时 ,却发现我国的人口学发展正处于一种“尴尬”的境地。有人认为人口学研究处于“萎缩”的趋势 ,也有人认为人口学研究面临“第二个春天”。我们常常说人口学不等于计划生育 ,那么 ,人口学到底是一门什么样的科学 ?人口学是朝阳学科还是夕阳学科 ?我国的人口学研究到底该如何发展 ?这些都是我们每一个从事人口学研究工作的人需要认真思考的问题。2 0 0 1年 9月 2 4日 ,《市场与人口分析》编辑部在北京大学交流中心组织召开了“中国人口学现状、问题与发展”学术论坛。来自北京大学、中国人民大学、清华大学、中国人口信息研究中心、中国社会科学院、首都经济贸易大学、中国人口学会等教学与研究机构的 2 0多位人口专家应邀参加了座谈。这是新世纪关于我国人口科学发展问题的首次专题学术研讨会。会上有鲜明的观点 ,有激烈的争论。与会者认为是近年来不可多得的一次富有学术和争辩气氛的研讨会。本编辑部现将会上发言整理成文并按发言次序摘要刊登。刊登时除努力表达清楚作者的观点和认识外 ,还尽可能地保留了作者发言时的语气。本编辑部热切希望能通过论坛这一形式 ,一方面尽可能地表达诸多学者从不同     

中国人口科学研究的过去、现在与未来

科学来源于实践,是因为实践中必然会遇到各种各样的困惑和矛盾,需要科学给予指导.这种来源于实践的社会需要,又构成推动理论、科学向前发展的动力.     

A Critical Review of the Costs of Advertising: a Transformative Consumer Research Perspective

This critical literature review incorporates a transformative consumer research (TCR) perspective in highlighting selected transgressions in corporate social responsibility that touch on (1) wealth consolidation, (2) environmental degradation, (3) commodification, (4) semiotic contamination, and (5) an erosion of accountability. It argues for a participatory approach among stakeholders in sustaining marketing research and assessing consumer policy that is both ethical and critical for academic marketers and practitioners alike. Transformative consumer researchers work to ensure that advertisements, messaging, and integrated marketing communications play a key role in promoting honesty and transparency. At the same time, transformative consumer research recognizes that advertising often masks the underlying costs incurred by society in general, and consumers in particular. TCR practices presently exist, and examples are presented to highlight these practices in consumer policy.     

回顾与瞻望--写在《世界贸易组织动态与研究》创刊10周年之际

由世界贸易组织上海研究中心主办的<世界贸易组织动态与研究>(原<关贸总协定动态与研究>从1992年创刊以来已满10周年,迄今发行也正好100期.在很长一段时间里它是我国研究关贸总协定和世界贸易组织的唯一专业性刊物.刊物以国内各领域有志于为"复关"和"入世"献计献策的专家队伍以及日内瓦从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织总部支援"中心"的全套官方材料为依托,以及时、丰富、翔实的信息和深入联系各领域实际的研究、领先意识和开放观念受到全国各地政府、研究机构、企业和读者的欢迎.     

金融全球化时代国家货币的命运:过去、现在与未来

主权意义上的国家货币是近代历史的产物。在19世纪,经济民族主义、国内统一市场、军事财政改革、新工业技术共同建构出现代国家货币。而金融全球化冲击着国家货币与货币主权,呈现出一个市场,一种货币的时代特点。这一特点的根源仍然在于国家货币的历史结构。但是,国家货币仍将在未来相当长的一段时期内是国际货币格局的主导形态。     

The Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm of International Production: Past,Present and Future

This article describes the origins, and traces the subsequent evolution of the eclectic paradigm from the mid-1950s to the present day. It does so in the light of the changing characteristics of MNE activity and of the global economic scenario. The article concludes by asserting that the eclectic paradigm still remains a powerful and robust framework for examining contextual specific theories of foreign direct investment and international production.     

The Future Perfect Declined: Utopian Studies and Consumer Research

This interpretive study introduces the field of utopian studies and explores its relevance in re-conceptualising certain aspects of consumer research. Making reference to a longitudinal study carried out in a festival marketplace, this paper illustrates how the concept of utopia can yield rich insights into the consumer imagination in such an environment. It shows that utopianism is not just associated with impossible imaginings but rather that it has a crucial critical function enabling us to engage with and question reality. In particular, this critique was manifested in three major themes that emerged from the findings: consumer perceptions of the over-commercialisation of high street shopping; their fears over a loss of identity; and a nostalgic yearning for a return to tradition. The paper concludes by relocating the utopian impulse in the practices of everyday life, discussing how consumers may inscribe meanings into a space, meanings that were neither intended nor predicted by marketing management.     

Research Methods in the Leading Small Business–Entrepreneurship Journals: A Critical Review with Recommendations for Future Research*

Small business and entrepreneurship scholars have made significant progress toward advancing the field and gaining recognition as an important domain of scientific inquiry. However, the authors suggest that a strong methodological foundation built on state‐of‐the‐art research technologies is necessary to support further paradigmatic growth and maturation. Using Chandler and Lyon's study as a benchmark for research methods through the 1990s, the study critiques research methodologies used by small business and entrepreneurship researchers over the ensuing years. The analysis includes all 665 papers published between 2001 and February of 2008 in the Journal of Small Business Management, Journal of Business Venturing, and Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. The research outlines key methodological issues, assesses recent methodological practice, identifies current trends, and offers recommendations for researchers in adopting existing and emerging research technologies.