奥运旅游当以产业升级为重

近几年来,国内有关奥运与旅游的讨论日趋热烈,以至于"奥运旅游"成了一个专门的词汇.几乎人人皆知,奥运会蕴含着巨大的政治、经济和社会文化价值;奥运会能够促进举办城市社会经济的快速发展,而旅游是奥运会最大的受惠产业.但是,关于奥运旅游如何发展的问题,多数的研究并不深入.     

国内外奥运旅游研究进展综述

自公元前776年举办第一届古代奥运会以来,旅游与奥运会便形影相随.随着现代人类休闲时间的增多与经济承受力的增强,作为大型事件的奥运会吸引了越来越多的旅游者观光游览,同时也受到旅游学术界越来越多的关注.本文以奥运旅游的起源、奥运旅游的定义与特点出发,从奥运旅游研究历史、吸引物研究、市场特征研究、经济社会影响研究等多方面对国内外奥运旅游研究进行了总结.     

后奥运旅游效应与应对策略

自奥运会诞生之日起,奥运与旅游就形成了密不可分的关系。现代奥运会产生经济乃至政治收益的焦点主要集中在旅游方面,旅游是与奥运会关联度最大的产业之一,可以说“奥运经济”这块蛋糕最大的受益者是旅游业。从奥运会与现代旅游的关系来看,奥运旅游是一种大型的事件旅游形式。奥运会的承办对举办国或举办城市甚至举办国的周边国家的旅游业在“前奥运”阶段、“中奥运”阶段、“后奥运”阶段都会产生一系列影响。但从总体来讲,对旅游业影响最大、受关注度最高的是奥运会后的影响。一、后奥运旅游效应的表现1·品牌效应。奥运会举办之前与期间…     

2008,会给北京旅游经济带来什么?

雅典奥运热力未散,许多人已经难抑激情向往2008北京的奥运了。身为精英旅游杂志,我们一直保持对社会热点的关注。奥运会为中国、为北京的旅游经济带来什么,让我们看看专家及业内人士的看法。     

基于NMDS方法的大都市居民对当地高级别旅游区(点)的认知研究——来自上海市4A级与5A级旅游区(点)的调查分析

本文通过问卷调查获得数据，运用NMDS方法研究了上海市居民对上海市4A与5A旅游区（点）的认知。空间定位图分析发现，在居民的认知中上海市17家高级别旅游区（点）被聚合为三大竞争组群，即现代文博类旅游区（点）组群、现代城市风貌类旅游区（点）组群、古风貌类旅游区（点）与动植物公园类旅游区（点）组群。特征属性和旅游区（点）之间的配适分析与水平距离分析发现，在上述旅游区（点）中，居民对前两者的评价较高，对后者的评价较低。针对上述结论，本文提出了发展建议：     

冬奥旅游遗产的创造、识别与利用

奥运会作为超大规模的、世界性的体育赛事,对举办城市/地区的经济、旅游、社会、环境等多个方面都产生着显著影响,其中,长期积极的影响可以被视为"奥运遗产"。1988年,国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee,IOC)首次提出奥林匹克旅游遗产概念。以奥运会为代表的大型体育赛事有潜力将一个社区、一个城市或者整个国家打造成一个富有吸引力的旅游目的地。     

奥运与旅游:国家营销的一种新理念

历届奥运会的经验表明,在奥运综合效应中,旅游行业受益最直接、最显著.举办奥运会,特别能有力地提升国家形象、吸引国际目光,是发展旅游业的巨大引擎.中国推广"奥运-旅游",可按照以下思路展开:     

充分合理开发:奥运旅游的重要议题

奥运已经成为了众多学科研究的热点问题,涉及面也十分宽广。一般认为,奥林匹克运动会,与大规模的公众消费、相关设施和基础设施的建设、城市的再发展和再繁荣等问题相联系,这些都会对当地社会造成相当大的影响。但是,将奥运作为一个事件来考察,研究其经济影响,一直都是一个十分重要的方面。20世纪80年代,美国经济研究会就对洛杉矶奥运会的经济影响进行了系统研究。20世纪90年代,开始采用“投入—产出系统模型”研究亚特兰大奥运会的经济影响。21世纪,奥运旅游的研究成为一个重要的内容,关于2000年悉尼奥运会的旅游效应研究,成果就十分系统了…     

奥运文化遗产传承对青岛城市发展的影响

传承奥运文化遗产,不仅是宣传奥林匹克思想理念,更是推动一座城市文化发展的需要。北京奥运会奥帆赛项目在青岛成功举办已过十余年,但对于一个城市发展影响力是深远的。为此本文全面研究了青岛在奥帆赛后十余年来,在奥运文化遗产保护和传承过程中的价值效应及其对城市发展产生的各方面影响,以期将奥运文化遗产继续切实的传承下去。     

2008奥运-旅游营销需各方协同

由于奥运会具有巨大的品牌传播功能,因此提升旅游目的地品牌形象往往成为奥运会举办国"奥运旅游战略"的重点.对我国而言,在目前经济蓬勃发展、综合国力和文化影响力不断增强的历史时期,举办2008年奥运会必将树立我国大国形象,显著提升我国的全球声誉,这一点毋庸置疑.     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa : The case of Zambia

Development of Africa's immense tourism potential is severely limited for reasons including lack of capital, distance from the large North American and European markets, the cost of travel to Africa, and Africa's poor image abroad. A key factor contributing to this image problem is political instability. Since World War II, almost all African countries have achieved independence. In several countries, this decolonization process has taken the form of long and often bloody liberation wars. This paper examines the impact of Zimbabwe's protracted liberation war on tourism development in Zambia and suggests that a detailed examination of major internal and external political events associated with the decolonization process in Zimbabwe could provide important perspectives on the obstacles to tourism development in other African countries.     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

The rediscovery of America: Elite automobile touring

The automobile has radically changed tourist habits this century. In the first decade it was enthusiastically embraced by a small, wealthy elite. In America this elite “rediscovered” the romantic northeastern scenery painted by the Hudson Valley School of artists. This process is documented both in the general elite tourist literature of the period and in a specific case study from an elite summer colony. In the second decade “mass followed class.” Cheaper automobiles allowed the middle classes to follow the elite tourists of the first decade. The elite began to lose interest in the automobile as something exclusive to them, and turned their attention to the possibilities for touring of aviation.     

Towards Strategic Intent: Perceptions of disability service provision amongst hotel accommodation managers

The tourism sector globally has become increasingly mindful of how an ageing population is reshaping service provision forms and offerings. This being particularly true of accommodation operations where there is a now a growing recognition of the commercial value for providing market groups with exceptional service. With this in mind, this study sought to ascertain the perceptions of managers in the accommodation sector towards disability service provision with a view to identifying any current service gaps or failings. An inductive, qualitative approach was used with the data collection phase incorporating a series of one on one interviews and a focus group. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 managers of hotels deemed to have accessible rooms that complied with the relevant building codes and standards. A focus group comprised 22 managers of hotels located in the Sydney central business district, Australia. Study findings revealed five key themes that had not been previously discussed in the literature. They were: inclusive attitudinal approach; safety; the responsibility of people with a disability to communicate their needs to the hotel; perceptions of accessible rooms by the general public; and operational processes. Related themes that emerged from the data analysis that had previously been aligned with the literature included: legislative responsibility, policy and building codes; disability as a market segment; staff awareness/training; and language, marketing, and promotion information. Implications with respect to management of accessible rooms in the accommodation sector are outlined and further areas of research are proposed.     

The failure of ‘control’ in the hospitality industry

This paper explores the relationship between the literature on the issue of control and the realities of the hospitality industry. Management control is related to the unsanctioned entrepreneurial activities of operatives (illustrated by the ‘taxi scam’), the failure of computer systems used to control operatives, and the failure of the hospitality industry to exploit the potential of the new technology. The paper suggests that management's (and a significant part of the literature in this area) failure within hospitality is linked to the perception of the role of the hospitality manager as one of policing the industry.     

A tourist space-time budget in the Shetland Islands

This paper addresses the need to better understand tourist pressure in selected regions of the Shetland Islands, United Kingdom, using measures of space, time, perception, region, and core-periphery. Normally an economic theory, core-periphery was applied in the context of this study as a locational and mental construct in examining tourism group movement (behavior). Respondents were placed into two groups on the basis of their activitybased motivations for visiting Shetland and asked to complete a daily space-time budget regarding their use of attractions, facilities, accommodation, and transportation. It was discovered that both groups differed marginally in their space-time use of the aforementioned variables within the various regions of Shetland.     

The geography of tourism: An introduction

The geography of tourism is limited by a dearth of published research in geographic journals, the relatively few individuals who actively participate in the sub-discipline, and the lack of prestige the subject matter specialty has in geography. Despite these imperfections geographers make important contributions to the study of tourism because of their unique point-of-view. This characteristic perspective is seen in the context of a conceptual frame-of-reference which consists of a matrix based on two trichotomies. An analysis and interpretation of this framework and its application to the nine substantive articles included in the special issue constitute a majority of the article.     

The promise of creative/participatory mapping practices for sport and leisure research

This paper provides an introduction to the concept of creative participatory mapping of human–environment relations. It is identified that within human geography, artistic practice and urban design, biomapping and similar community mapping tools and methodologies are increasingly being embraced. However, within sports and leisure research the concept has yet to gain academic attention. Consequently, this paper provides a basis for thinking about how researchers and research participants in the fields of sport and leisure research might benefit if mapping human–environment relations was to be embraced and integrated into research design practices. Referencing recent turns to studying space and affect within sport and leisure studies, mapping is argued to offer innovative methodological opportunities for studying how people relate to and understand the urban environments in which they practice physical activity and leisure forms of embodiment. The paper concludes by arguing that, along with offering up new avenues for conceptual research, mapping human–environment relations, if readily embraced, can go a long way to fostering community engagement in: the identification of (un)safe urban routes for sport/leisure practice (e.g. running, cycling), the development and site identification of health/physical activity initiatives and the design of urban landscapes of sport/leisure.     

Organized Youth Sport and Parenting in Public and Private Spaces

This article examines the connection of organized youth sport to cultural beliefs, values and practices of contemporary parenting ideologies, specifically the idealization of intensive mothering and involved fathering. It explores how parenting ideologies are constructed by the discourses expressed by individuals in their everyday lives through their children's sport participation. Moreover, the analysis of the parental discourse illustrates how parenting goes beyond the home environment and becomes a public act that is observed by other parents, with these observations creating the basis of what is deemed to be a good parent. Emphasis is also placed on the gendered dimensions of meeting the expectations for being a good parent.