Retrospective Structural Shifts in the Russian Economy

Based on Rosstat data and Input-Output tables developed by the IEF RAS, we study the changes in the price system, in production technologies, in the proportions of income distribution, and in the structure of final demand, that have been observed since the early 1990s. The paper also estimates the effect of these shifts on the dynamics and branch structure of gross output.     

Some efficiency estimates of federal health programs in terms of high technology application

This paper provides a brief overview of federal programs adopted in the health sector. An analysis of the effectiveness of applying high medical technologies in surgery has been carried out. The dynamics of surgical procedures performed in the hospital both in terms of their types and methods of treatment has been presented. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of traditional and high-tech methods has been carried out. The prospects of the development of domestic medical equipment have been considered.     

Developing Business Start-up Support Programmes: Evidence from Scotland

Developing start-up business support programmes may become attractive again, particularly to the new Regional Development Agencies (RDAs), following the promotion of new venture entrepreneurship in recent Government policy statements. This paper examines the results from two start-up business support programmes in the West of Scotland; a region where new venture entrepreneurship has been a feature of policy. Both programmes provided support for an 18 month period to selected clients. Although, there were differences in the programmes in terms of design; in terms of impacts there were more similarities. The paper examines some policy implications of developing business start-up support programmes.     

Analysis of long-term dynamics of factors that determine labor commuting in the Moscow region

Based on the studies of data for the Moscow region for 2001–2014, this paper proposes a method for assessing the long-term dynamics of labor commuting according to the dynamics of its key factors, including the population’s income, the cost of housing, and the cost of intraregional travels. It has been shown that these parameters did not undergo radical changes in the studied period: this indicates the stability of the structure and dynamics of labor commuting in the Moscow region. The forecast for the development of the situation in the near future has been discussed.     

Innovation dynamics and financial markets in developed countries from a self-organization perspective

The paper examines the relation between economic dynamics and financial market development in industrial countries. It shows that innovation-based development alone has a long-term future. Investment in education and research is translated by the financial market into innovations and technologies. The level of development of the financial market determines the dynamics and competitive of the economy.     

Comparison of greenhouse gas emission forecasts in Russia’s energy sector for 2010–2060

A comparative analysis of forecasts of the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector of the Russian Federation until 2060 is presented. The analysis has been fulfilled within recent years by groups of experts both from Russia and abroad. A database of 71 scenarios has been formed. The “range of disconformity” of the forecasts and the evolution of the forecasting estimates were studied which permitted to evaluate the possibilities of emissions limitation and to find out the configuration of the “solution space”: different combinations of improvement of the energy efficiency, development of low-carbon and carbonless technologies, as well as to reveal the character of the feedback between measures of the emission limitation policy and economic growth.     

Women's Enterprise and Business Development Lessons from targeted women's programmes in Glasgow

This paper contributes to the debate on gender and small business, examining two women's enterprise policies and three initiatives developed in Glasgow in the mid 1990s. Responding to concerns about the low rate of women's business start-up and growth in Glasgow, local authorities and the Local Enterprise Company developed a number of policy recommendations. Subsequent implementation by local business development agencies was piecemeal and small scale, due in part to the pressures from output related funding, and to the funders' priority for businesses with high growth potential. The most significant women's enterprise initiative has been the establishment of the Wellpark Enterprise Centre, providing a targeted range of integrated services for women's business start-up and growth.     

机会创新性、资源拼凑模式与初创 企业绩效关系 ——基于扎根理论的多案例研究

采用扎根理论对四家初创企业进行案例研究,构建机会创新性与资源拼凑模式相匹配以获取高绩效的理论框架。研究发现：产品上市前,初创企业的资源拼凑模式主要以手段导向型为主;产品上市后,开发模仿型机会的初创企业,机会创新性低,适宜选择社会网络型资源拼凑模式,而开发创新型机会的初创企业,机会创新性较高,选择混合型资源拼凑模式有利于企业获取较高的绩效水平。     

Outsourcing Noncore Activities of Industrial Enterprises in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

The growing competition and increasingly diversified structure of the world economy and consumption of various resources require the intensification of innovative industrial activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and enhancement of its management effectiveness. The paper has considered theoretical foundations for industrial service development. It has been shown that participation of small innovative businesses in industrial outsourcing can promote the introduction of innovative technologies and the corresponding equipment for industrial enterprises.     

Government Social Expenditures in the Draft Federal Budget of Russia for 2018–2020

The article has examined the Russian draft federal budget in terms of social expenditures based on the submitted materials by the Ministry of Finance. The dynamics of the planned income of various social groups has been shown, including salaries for workers, allowances for unemployed individuals, women with children, pensioners, etc. The level and the structure of the social part of expenditures in the draft budget have been critically appraised.     

产品市场竞争动态与公司财务保守行为:实证研究述评

得益于产业组织理论与资本结构理论的交叉渗透,企业融资管理更加强调财务灵活性,即须基于产品市场竞争动态、公司战略、公司治理结构以及资本市场环境等因素进行综合权衡,财务保守由此作为一种能够适应企业当前情况及未来投资机会的投融资战略选择行为,而在当代资本结构研究中颇受关注。文章基于资本市场时机、行业竞争、公司治理结构及债务契约分析等四个视角对产品市场竞争与公司财务保守行为关系的经验研究予以述评。     

On the Development of Russia’s Information and Communication Technologies Ecosystem

A quantitative model of Russia’s information and communication technologies (ICT) ecosystem has been proposed that describes the main relationships between its participants, as well as the impact of environmental factors on the functioning of the ICT ecosystem. Based on the model, we have assessed the long-term (until 2030) potential for the development of Russia’s ICT sector in the case of the state’s active and stimulating strategy and the formation of an advanced system of institutions. We have also evaluated the contribution of the ICT sector to the macroeconomic dynamics while implementing the target scenario.     

Predictive and analytical investigation of the intersectoral ratios dynamics in the Russian economy real sector

A balance-based econometric model is presented that has been developed for the analysis of the dynamics and structure of the intersectoral relations in the domestic economy; the methodology and results of its use in applied economic calculations are described.     

Assessing the efficiency of the forest industry complex based on calculation of value added index (Based on the example of the Republic of Komi)

This article discusses the results of assessing the performance of the forest industry complex of the Republic of Komi based on calculating the value added index. The value, structure, and dynamics of the index have been analyzed and intraindustry and international comparisons are provided. The specificity of the formation of the enterprise value that significantly determines the final economic efficiency of the forest industry complex has been revealed.     

Business reforms and total factor productivity in Vietnamese manufacturing

Vietnam implemented reforms in the 2000s to ease start-up of new businesses with dramatic effect on firm entry and market competition. This study examines firm level data for the period 2000–2010 to analyze total factor productivity (TFP) in connection with the reforms, adopting a semi-parametric technique developed by Wooldridge (2009) and Petrin and Levinsohn (2012) to measure TFP. Intensified competition is hypothesized to have driven convergence of TFP within industrial sectors as technologies best suited to Vietnamese market conditions became more widely implemented. The evidence strongly supports this hypothesis with convergence found for 16 of the 17 sectors analyzed. Further, comparison of TFP growth rates between the first and second half of the decade shows mixed results by sector and region. More often than not, TFP growth is seen to have slowed over time. This suggests that competition acted not only to push low TFP firms to exit the market or raise productivity, it also discouraged use of technologies that may have been overly advanced and not cost efficient for Vietnam.     

Macroeconomic assessment of the state of regional labor markets in the Asian part of the Russian Arctic

The article analyzes the current conditions of the sector of employment and labor market in the regions of the Asian part of the Russian Arctic (about employment in the European part of the Russian Arctic see No. 1, 2016). Major changes in the structure of the sources of the formation of the manpower resources and its distribution by sectors of activity have been studied. An inertial assessment of the medium-term dynamics of the basic parameters of the regional labor markets has been given.     

Nanotechnology and the new technological revolution: Expectations and reality

This paper reviews the existing mechanisms of innovative development in the world economy focusing on emerging technologies markets evolution on the example of nanotechnology. The question has been raised of whether nanotechnologies can provide the core of the new technological revolution, and whether these prospects exist for NBIC convergence. In this connection the development of the global market for nano-enabled products following the 2007–2009 crisis and the reliability of the related development forecasts have been assessed. Particular attention has been paid to peculiarities of nanoenabled product market structure and the impact of stagnating R&D costs in the field of nanotechnology.     

拓展住房公积金保障功能的联动模式研究

我国已进入了老龄化社会。住房逆抵押贷款模式的推行可以为改善老年人的生活状况、提高老年人的生活质量提供帮助,启动资金的注入将有助于该模式的推行。文章提出了＂住房公积金、逆抵押贷款、廉租房联动模式＂。按该模式,从住房公积金的增值资金中提取部分资金作为启动资金,并将回收的部分住房逆抵押房产转化为廉租房房源。文章认为,该联动模式的推行具有必要性和可能性。     

Innovations for reaching the green sustainable development goals –where will they come from?

Reaching the sustainable development goals needs innovations. This paper addresses the dynamics of green energy and resource efficiency innovations, and looks at the positioning of countries from the North and emerging economies. We use indicators for both general innovation capabilities and specific green technology capabilities. Data on general innovation capabilities reveal that the traditional OECD countries, by and large, still possess advantages compared to Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs). Literature and Patent indicators reveal that the innovation dynamics are particularly high for publications. Literature and exports indicators reveal that the South has been catching up substantially. With regard to patents, some countries of the South are catching up, but the North is still cleary leading. A detailed analysis of co-patenting and country-to-country trade data reveals a more differentiated picture: Leading countries from Europe such as Germany as still specializing on serving the markets of traditional OECD countries. Japan and Korea are very reluctant with regard to co-patenting, but specialize in exporting to China. South-South trade in green technologies is the fastest growing market segment. However, countries of the South are pursuing a differentiated strategy: Mexico is highly integrated into the US economy. Singapore and South Korea have been catching up and provide technologies especially for China. China itself is following a double strategy, with absorbing technology from the North in order to compete on markets of the North on the one hand, but increasingly specializing on becoming lead supplier for countries of the South on the other hand. The other technology providers from the South are mainly specializing in supplying other countries from the South. Thus, a segmentation of the market is likely, with green sustainability innovations in the South more likely originating in the South as well, and China being an important country to adapt knowledge from the North to the needs of the South.     

农户互动网络的演变研究——以河南省杞县孟寨村为例

农户互动网络具有嵌入性、多功能性、动态性和传承性等特征。文章针对农户互动网络的动态性,提出农户互动网络的四阶段演化模型,并以河南省杞县孟寨村为例对其进行案例研究。文章认为,初始阶段,互动内容单一、规模小且结构离散;单核阶段,个别农户的能量得到迅速积累,与周围农户的能量呈现显著的差异,并成为农村社区的＂明星＂农户;多核阶段,互动网络出现多个核心,互动规模较大,但网络结构混乱、无序;高水平互动阶段,互动规模大,能量和能量流呈现等级、有序的结构。