Earnings and education in China's transition to a market economy Survey evidence from 1989 and 1992

Analyses of returns to educational investments in China, based on 1981, 1985, and 1986 data, have yielded surprisingly low and sometimes negative rates. Given the extent of wage compression in prereform China, it is expected that human capital accumulation be increasingly recognized and rewarded as the Chinese economic reforms progress and market forces permeate the work place. Econometric analysis of newly available data, gathered in 1989 and 1992, reveals that returns to education for new labor force entrants, for workers who have recently obtained their current positions, for young people, for workers in recently established firms, and for collective, joint-venture, and private-sector workers are in the range expected of East Asian market economies with well-functioning labor markets.     

Construction sector as a factor of prospective development of the national economy

The paper analyzes the current situation and problems constraining the development of the capacity of the construction industry as a production-technological mechanism ensuring the functioning and development of the national economy. A methodical approach to developing the concept of forecasting in the construction industry is substantiated, and its content is given. Objective prerequisites and conditions that determine the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the development of the complex in the future, as well as the requirements imposed by the economy in respect of the prospective structure of construction products, are discussed. The possible temporary stages of reorganization of the building complex are characterized.     

Entrepreneurs' work experiences and the growth of Chinese private firms during the transition towards a market economy

This work sheds some light on the influence that entrepreneurs' previous work experiences exerted on the growth performance of Chinese private firms after the privatization reform in the early 2000s. Focusing on a representative and large sample of private firms, the analysis finds evidence of an inferior performance of the companies run by entrepreneurs with past top management experience in state-owned companies, while the superior performance of the companies run by entrepreneurs with prior technical experience. The study investigates specific theory-driven mechanisms through which different experiences impact firm performance, including time allocation and R&D management strategy. Upper echelon theory and imprinting effects appear relevant, and local institutions, political and economic uncertainty, and entrepreneurs' self-perception act as moderating factors. We deal with potential endogeneity issues with propensity score matching and two-stage least squares regression. These findings provide novel evidence on underexplored aspects of the ongoing privatization process in China and other economies in transition.     

西方市场社会主义对完善我国市场经济体制的启示

本文从对收入分配原则、政府干预作用、公有制地位等三个方面,把我国社会主义市场经济与当代西方市场社会主义进行比较,从而分析出当代西方市场社会主义对我国建设市场经济体制的启示。     

中国经济转型:第三配置视角

研究转型问题,是理论界的热点问题之一。从资源配置视角看,在中国目前的经济转型过程中,我国不仅面临着“市场失灵”和“政府失灵”问题,而且还面临着日益严峻的第三配置失效问题,其突出表现就是日益严重的信用失效问题。本文从制度变迁视角,以中国为个案,对第三配置的历史沿革进行了分析。     

Does type of conjugal union matter in the labor market? Evidence from a Caribbean economy

Conclusion This preliminary investigation of earnings differences between men and women in a Caribbean country by the constitution of their marital union has sought to bring some contemporary evidence to bear on a long-asked question: to what extent does conjugal union status matter in Carribean society? More specifically, the article investigated this matter within the context of the Trinidad & Tobago labor market, and identified two types of conjugal unions: legal marriage and consensual cohabitation, generally referred to in the Carribean literature as “common law” unions.     

知识经济时代中小企业的人力资源管理对策探析

专业期刊的发展在经历了计划经济的长期运作之后 ,面对日趋成熟的市场经济 ,应当在把握特色、选准定位的同时 ,研究受众需求 ,按市场经济规律考虑运作成本 ,使专业期刊在林立的媒体中赢得更大的发展空间。     

Does market power affect performance in the dutch banking market? a comparison of reduced form market structure models

This paper investigates whether reduced form market structure models can be used to test whether there is market power in the Dutch banking market. First, a traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model is introduced. Next, a simple Cournot-model is introduced, which results in a more flexible measure of market power for different market structures. Finally, the inclusion of a modified Efficiency hypothesis reduces identification problems. Theoretically speaking, the Cournot model provides a better foundation for testing the existence of market power than the SCP model. Likewise, explicitly correcting for and including efficiency results in a more correct test of the Efficiency hypothesis. Empirical results for Dutch data confirm that the introduced improvements based on the Cournot models are the only ones resulting in tests that are consistent with the underlying models. Evidence from the Cournot model suggests that we cannot reject the existence of market power, although its impact on performance may be small. It also formalizes the need for additional research into the importance of strategic interaction among banks.     

适应市场经济要求,积极推进深圳市城市生活垃圾治理社会化、市场化、产业化

改革开放以来，在国家建设部、深圳市委和市政府领导支持下，深圳市环卫工作坚持以邓小平理论为指导，解放思想，开拓创新，持之以恒，常抓不懈，取得了令人瞩目的成就，为特区的城市建设、改善投资环境、提高市民生活质量作出了重要贡献。特别是适应市场经济要求，在城市生活垃圾治理社会化、市场化、产业化方面取得了可喜的成绩和经验。……     

知识经济的兴起与国民素质竞争力提高的对策

２１世纪是知识经济的世纪，这对国民素质提出了更高、更科学的要求。我国目前国民素质、科教水平偏低的状况难以适应知识经济潮流。重视人力资源开发，全力提高国民素质，是我国２１世纪走向现代化的必然选择。     

知识经济的兴起与国民素质竞争力提高的对策

21世纪是知识经济的世纪 ,这对国民素质提出了更高、更科学的要求。我国目前国民素质、科教水平偏低的状况难以适应知识经济潮流。重视人力资源开发 ,全力提高国民素质 ,是我国 2 1世纪走向现代化的必然选择。     

The transition to an advanced organic economy: half a millennium of English agriculture1

All organic economies were subject to constraints upon growth for reasons familiar to the classical economists, but their relative success in coping with these constraints differed substantially. This is visible both when comparing different areas at the same point in time and when comparing the circumstances of a given economy at different points in time. In this article the state of the English economy in 1300 is compared with its state in 1800. At the former date the balance between output and population was unfavourable. A run of poor harvests spelled grave and widespread suffering. Five hundred years later this had ceased to be true. The particular focus of the article is upon the significance of a rising level of productivity per head in agriculture, not simply in supplying food but in providing the raw materials and energy needed if industry and transport were to expand. In the circumstances of an organic economy both were heavily dependent upon the ‘surplus’ made available by a productive agriculture after meeting the needs of the population for food.     

浅析市场经济背景下受众理论研究对新闻传媒业改革的启发

一、新闻传媒业改革的社会经济背景信息的传播活动是伴随着人类的出现而出现的,微笑与问候,文字与表情,长城烽火台上升起的狼烟,夜空下大海上闪亮的灯塔,还有镌刻在石头上的汉谟拉比法典……穿越时间,穿越空间,将信息流传。信息的传递,真情的传达,事实的通晓,文明的传承,环境的     

Constraints to consumption of South Africa's national parks among the emerging domestic tourism market

Tourism plays a recognised role in the South African economy, even though it is faced with a number of challenges including levels of seasonality, geographic spread and differing levels of travel and tourism culture within population groups. Literature speaks to the role that domestic tourism can play in addressing these challenges. Within the South African context, emerging markets are population groups entering the market in increasing numbers as domestic tourists, especially those previously neglected during the years of segregation through apartheid. The focus of this exploratory study was to identify the constraints that deter the South African emerging black domestic market from visiting national parks, and more specifically the Kruger National Park. A survey of 350 individuals support existing literature, but highlight the importance of time, distance and affordability as constraints to this market. The study identifies areas in which products could be adapted, as well as aspects that could be considered when formulating marketing messages aimed at this market.     

论知识经济背景下企业组织结构的变迁

企业选择合适的结构在组织演进过程中起着至关重要的作用，不同的企业组织结构模式有着不同的经济形态背景。传统的工业社会正逐步被知识经济社会所取代，知识经济使传统的产品制造模式逐渐转向知识密集型产品，使制造业竞争中劳动力成本的作用逐渐降低，技术创新成为企业竞争的焦点，从而使基于传统产业的官僚科层制企业组织结构发生变化，被新的企业组织形式和结构所取代。     

数学学术形态向教育形态转化的研究

随着社会的发展和经济的不断提升,社会各界都加强了对教育行业的关注程度,对教育具有了更高的要求。而数学作为教育过程中的重要组成部分,逐渐将以往的学术形态进行了转化,变为当前的教育形态。因此,为了使转化的效果更好,文章对基于转化思想下的数学学术形态转化进行了研究,阐述学术形态与教育形态的内涵,分析了学术形态向教育形态转化的模式,详细地介绍了转化的方法,为我国数学学术形态更好地向教育形态进行转化提供借鉴。     

Examination of travel and tourism competitiveness contribution to national economy competitiveness of sub-Saharan Africa countries

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of travel and tourism competitiveness (measured by the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index [TTCI]) on the national economic competitiveness of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries (measured by the Global Competitiveness Index [GCI]). The aim is to identify critical factors for improving competitiveness of SAA countries from the area of tourism competitiveness. The study was conducted using the following methods: regression, cluster and grey relational analysis (GRA). Results reveal that travel and tourism competitiveness has a high impact on national competitiveness in the analysed group of countries. The study identified three homogeneous groups within SSA countries according to the TTCI pillars. The different impact of the TTCI on the GCI is determined in each of these three homogeneous groups of countries. The outcomes of this study could provide recommendations for tourism development policy-makers in SSA countries based on the results of GRA.     

An analysis of the black market exchange rate in a developing economy — The case of Turkey

Zusammenfassung Eine Analyse des Schwarzmarkt-Wechselkurses in Entwicklungsl?ndern — Das Beispiel der Türkei. — Die Schwarzmarkt-Wechselkurse in Entwicklungsl?ndern sind nicht unabh?ngig davon, welche Politik betrieben wird und wie sich die anderen ?konomischen Variablen (wie Einkommen, Preisniveau und Inflationserwartungen) entwickeln. In diesem Aufsatz wird mit Hilfe türkischer Daten ein einfaches Modell entwickelt und gesch?tzt, das gleichzeitig Schwarzmarkt-Wechselkurse, Preisniveau, Realeinkommen und reale Geldmenge bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse dynamischer Simulationen zeigen, daΒ sich dann, wenn Rückwirkungen aus den übrigen Teilen der Wirtschaft zugelassen werden, die Wirkungen wirtschaftspolitischer MaΒnahmen auf die Schwarzmarkt-Wechselkurse erheblich von denen unterscheiden, die man in einem Ein-Gleichungs-Modell beobachten würde, in dem alle erkl?renden Variablen als exogen angesehen werden.

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Résumé Une analyse du taux de change sur le marché noir dans une économie développante. — Les taux de change sur le marché noir dans les pays en voie de développement ne sont pas indépendants des politiques appliquées ou des autres variables économiques comme par exemple le revenu, le niveau des prix ou les expectatives d’inflation. Cet article a construit, estimé et simulé, en utilisant des données de la Turquie, un modèle simple qui simultanément détermine le taux de change sur le marché noir, le niveau des prix, le revenue réel et l’encaisse réelle. Les résultats des simulations dynamiques démontrent que, si l’on permet des rétro-actions du reste de l’économie, les effets d’un changement de politique sur le taux de change sur le marché noir sont substantiellement différents á ceux qu’on observerait avec un modèle á une seule équation dans laquelle toutes les variables explicatives sont supposément exogènes.

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Resumen Un análisis del tipo de cambio negro en una economfa en desarrollo. — Tipos de cambio de mercado negro en pai’ses en desarrollo no son independientes de las polfticas aplicadas o de otras variables econ?micas tales como el ingreso, nivel de precios o expectativas de inflation. En este articulo se ha construido, estimado y simulado, sobre la base de datos de Turquia, un modelo simple que détermina simultáneamente el tipo de cambio de mercado negro, nivel de precios, ingreso real y balances monetarios reaies. Los resultados de simulaciones dinámicas muestran que, cuando se permiten realimentaciones del resto de la economia, los efectos de un cambio de pol?tica dado sobre el tipo de cambio de mercado negro son sustancialmente diferentes de aquéllos que habrian sido observados con un modelo de ecuación única que asume que todas las variables explicativas son exógenas y no permite ninguna realimentación.

     

搭建协同创新平台 促进县域经济转型 全国首届县域经济产学研合作高峰论坛在如皋举行

2009年11月1日,由中国产学研合作促进会、江苏省科技厅和如皋市委市政府共同举办的全国首届县域经济产学研合作高峰论坛在江苏如皋市隆重举行。国务院参事、中国产学研合作促进会常务副会长石定环宣布论坛开幕。中国产学研合作促进会副会长、秘书长王建华主持论坛。     

Interregional exchange as a development factor of the cluster structure of a regional economy

This article considers theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the formation of the cluster structure of a regional economy, shows the role of interregional exchange in this process and presents parameter estimates of interregional exchange on the basis of a gravity model (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan).