对现阶段我国经济结构调整绩效的观察与判断——基于比较优势动态化视角的分析

在对我国经济结构调整绩效进行分析与判断时,不仅要重视投入要素推动的作用,而且还要注意以开放型为特色的二元经济结构的改变、要素市场供给关系的改善、最终需求拉动的力量在其中的影响。为能在全球的范围内更进一步地调整与优化对资源的配置,现阶段基于比较优势动态原则,有必要做好避免落入分工陷阱、远离贫困化增长、在裂变的世界中寻找创新的和能有效介入国际分工的模式与机遇等方面的工作。     

论人民法院对行政立法的审查

人民法院是中国的审判机关,同时也行使国家司法监督权。人民法院对行政权的监督主要是通过司法审查的形式来实现的。但目前在中国行政立法享有司法豁免权,这就使行政法治成为一句空话。从美国的司法实践来看,将中国的行政立法纳入司法审查的范围是十分必要的。要想真正实现行政法治,首先应在立法上明确规定人民法院对行政立法的司法审查权;其次要明确司法审查中人民的审查要件、审查对象及审查标准;最后要提高法院的在司法审查中的地位和司法上的独立性。     

关于无锡经济增长方式现状的分析与判断——兼与长江三角洲地区主要城市的比较

一、当前无锡经济增长方式现状从劳动生产率来看:随着从业人员素质的提高以及经济总量的增加,劳动生产率也呈现快速增长态势,“九五”初期的1996年全社会劳动生产率为36943元/人,2004年达到87892元/人,劳动者创造的价值逐年增加,翻了一番多。第三产业劳动生产率增加最多,增长最     

Disintegration of Russian Grain Markets in Transition: Political and Economic Dimensions

Between 1990 and 1996 the share of interregionally traded grain in the total amount of grain domestically available in the Russian Federation was reduced significantly. Much evidence indicates that the decline of the domestic grain trade has mainly been the result of strict control by regional authorities following their own agricultural market policy, of a lack of market institutions, and of uncertain macroeconomic conditions, thus creating a favourable environment only for increasing barter trade. In addition to the weakness of the federal government, which has not been able to enforce the basic rules necessary for the development of a functioning domestic market, the outcome of privatisation of state grain marketing organisations has accelerated the emergence of fragmented Russian grain markets. Regional authorities have managed to gain control over the newly privatised enterprises. This has facilitated the creation of regional monopolies and the isolation of local markets. In addition, increasing transaction costs in interregional trade due to the rise of barter trade have led to a contraction of the trade volume. After the financial crisis of 1998 these disintegrative tendencies have been strengthened further. In this difficult situation only close cooperation between reform-oriented regions can help to create conditions which facilitate the emergence of a domestic grain market in the long run.     

The Many Dimensions of Gender Equality and Their Impact on Economic Growth

This study explores the multidimensional nature of gender equality and its influence on economic growth across 64 countries from 2000–2011 using an endogenous growth model. After controlling for standard growth correlates, the empirical results show that countries that protect the economic rights of women experience higher real GDP per capita growth rates. Furthermore, after controlling for a country’s religious affiliation, the importance of religion to the lives of people living in a country had a negative influence on economic growth. Intensely held religious beliefs are strongly correlated with gender inequitable views. These attitudes might serve as an important channel through which these gender biases are institutionalized in economic practices and act to slow economic growth.     

A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Cultural Dimensions,Technology Knowledge and Economic Growth

Using data from 65 countries over the period 1980–2003, this paper investigates the role that cultural dimensions play in the process of technological change, innovation and adoption and consequently on the steady state level of output per worker and its growth, using spatial econometrics techniques to account for spatial dependence between countries. Initial findings indicate that differences across cultural dimensions act as a leveling effect but not as long run growth determinants. In addition, when controlling for physical and human capital accumulation, culture plays a much smaller role in explaining differences in income per capita than initially thought, with little effect on output per worker growth along the transitional dynamics path. Spatial econometric considerations are relevant in explaining differences across rates of growth of per worker output, but not in terms of steady‐state levels of income.     

"经济解释"成本高

经济学者如果阅读过张五常教授的作品,应该不会对"经济解释"一词感到陌生,他就职港大的演讲题为"经济解释",商务印书馆的论文集题为"经济解释",最后一本经济学著作也题为"经济解释".     

经济增加值：企业业绩评价体系的理性判断与选择

经济增加值与传统的业绩评价指标相比具有清晰公正和可靠的特征．是新形势下对国有企业的绩效进行监测和评估的有效途径，是加快我国企业制度创新和技术进步的理性选择。     

个人高等教育投资的经济学分析

在我国,发展教育,一直是被看作是政府的职责,长期以来,人们都已经习惯于免费接受教育,尤其是高等教育。随着我国经济和教育事业的发展,这种政府单向投资的模式越来越不能适应教育发展的需要,突出表现在高等教育需求的     

论审计判断标准

审计判断是影响审计质量的关键因素之一，近年来，这一问题正在引起我国审计职业界和审计理论界的重视。审计判断标准是形成审计判断不可或缺的要素，因此，应对审计判断的标准进行深入探讨。     

转型经济国家高失业率的经济成本:资本流入损失对经济增长的制约

本文通过实证的方法探讨了经济转型国家失业率与外资流入的关系。结果表明，高失业率的转型国家将会造成严重的资本流入损失，本文的实证中还隐含了一个结论就是：采取激进方式转制的国家导致了比采用渐进方式转制的中国造成了更多地外资流失，这从另一个侧面反映了中国转制的有效性。     

高投资、宏观成本与经济增长的持续性

过去20多年,中国高投资—高增长的发展模式以宏观成本积累为代价。增长是中国今后相当长时期的主题,但是以高成本为代价的高投资—高增长发展模式的持续性如何?本文从理论上说明了中国高投资的政府激励机制及宏观成本边界和高成本增长的临界点;进而指出,在开放经济中,资本流动、外部需求和供给冲击构成高成本投资模式的现实约束,政府必须权衡粗放式高增长的宏观收益和成本,制定相应的政策来约束低效率的投资行为,实现全社会的福利优化。     

要素市场化配置与经济高质量发展

建设高标准市场体系是实现经济高质量发展、构建新发展格局的重要环节。我国商品市场已经充分实现市场化,但要素市场发展相对滞后。要素扭曲配置的一个重要后果是,全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献不够高,经济增长模式过度依赖要素投入数量的增加,这一现状已不符合经济高质量发展的要求。因此,要素市场化改革是当前和未来我国经济向高质量发展转型的必由之路。笔者认为,我国要素市场既存在不同要素种类在同一经济主体中的扭曲配置,也存在不同经济主体之间的扭曲配置。对此,政府对要素市场化配置的作用更加凸显,即要素流动的体制机制障碍急需破除,应对外部冲击和市场失灵也需要政府精准施策。归根结底,要素市场化配置改革的关键在于明确政府和市场的作用边界。     

Judgment aggregation in search for the truth

We analyze the problem of aggregating judgments over multiple issues from the perspective of whether aggregate judgments manage to efficiently use all voters' private information. While new in judgment aggregation theory, this perspective is familiar in a different body of literature about voting between two alternatives where voters' disagreements stem from conflicts of information rather than of interest. Combining the two bodies of literature, we consider a simple judgment aggregation problem and model the private information underlying voters' judgments. Assuming that voters share a preference for true collective judgments, we analyze the resulting strategic incentives and determine which voting rules efficiently use all private information. We find that in certain, but not all cases a quota rule should be used, which decides on each issue according to whether the proportion of ‘yes’ votes exceeds a particular quota.     

影响高校投资经济效益的问题及策略

随着市场经济的不断完善,各种高校投资的逐渐增加,提高高校投资的经济效益成为迫切需要解决的难题。文章主要阐述现今制约高校投资经济效益的主要原因和相对应的改革策略。     

中国经济增长中的高货币化困境及其纠偏

改革开放以来,我国经济增长过程伴随着高货币化,且呈现出逐年上升的趋势。该文文献回顾发现,与政府相关的投资行为在其中扮演着重要的角色。数值模拟分析表明,政府主导下的投资驱动型增长模式会导致债务增加、杠杆水平上升和投资效率下滑,市场主导下的投资驱动型增长模式则并不必然如此。实证研究发现,M2/GDP扩张与增量资本产出率(ICOR)正向相关,与资本回报率(ROIR)负向相关,且M2/GDP每增加1%,资本回报率(ROIR)约下降0.25%。因此,尽管政府驱动型投资模式在周期性衰退中有其存在的必要性,但随着债务风险的累积和资本效率的持续递减,投资主体到了转换的关键时期,这将有助于我国经济发展模式的转变。     

劳动力转移过程中的高储蓄、高投资和中国经济增长

中国的转轨经济具有独特的增长模式,其典型特征就是持续的高储蓄率和高投资率。本文从劳动力转移的角度,解释了这种模式赖以产生的基础。我们认为,剩余劳动力由农业向工业(工业化)、由农村向城市(城市化)、由国有向非国有(市场化)的持续转移是我国经济能够长期、高速增长的关键,而高储蓄率和高投资率既是这种增长模式的必然结果,也是劳动力得以持续转移乃至这种增长模式得以维持的关键原因。为了防止效率低下的金融部门阻碍劳动力的转移,在开放经济条件下,引入纯粹金融意义的国际直接投资也就成为了必然。与此同时,本国金融部门也将持有一个规模逐步扩大的外汇储备。本文的另一个重要结论是,中国经济的增长和波动是统一的。尽管其中的机制有别于真实经济周期理论,但是,“中性”依然应该作为宏观经济政策的基本出发点。     

Dimensions of quality upgrading

The impact of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies’ trade integration with European markets on CEE trade structures has been studied extensively. These studies frequently observe a quality upgrading of CEE exports. In this paper we consider three dimensions of quality upgrading: upgrading across industries, upgrading across different quality segments within industries and, finally, product upgrading within quality segments inside industries. For the analysis we partition industries into quality segments based on EU‐15 import unit values. The results for ten CEE countries (comprising the CEE‐5, the Baltics and South East Europe) and thirteen industries suggest fundamental differences, both across country groups and across the three different notions of quality upgrading. The CEE‐5 show no evidence of entering a ‘low‐quality trap’ in all three dimensions. By contrast, while there is a general catching‐up process across industries and inside quality segments, the second notion of low‐quality specialization may be applicable within the high‐tech industries to the performance for the Baltics and South East Europe as a group.