中国大中型工业企业技术创新区域差异分析

技术创新能力不仅是国家竞争力的核心,也是企业竞争力的核心。本文从大中型工业企业的技术创新投入、研究开发、制造能力、技术创新产出以及创新环境支持5个方面．对中国大中型工业企业技术创新能力进行分析评价,从而揭示中国大中型工业企业技术创新的实际状况以及各地区在不同方面存在的优势和不足。     

北京工业企业技术创新的统计测评

加入ＷＴＯ以后，我国经济将融入国际经济大循环体系。在国际市场竞争中，企业技术创新能力成为关系企业生存与发展的基本要素。为了研究北京工业企业技术创新的水平与层次，我们根据已掌握的资料，对北京工业企业技术创新情况做了一个概要的统计分析。 一、北京大中型工业企业技术创新概况 由于企业技术创新主要由企业技术开发机构完成，因而我们的分析从企业技术开发机构设置入手。北京大中型工业企业数及拥有技术开发机构的企业数资料如下：从统计资料来看，１９９８年北京大中型工业企业共５１１家，工程技术人员占从业人员的比重为１０…     

技术创新、扩散与模仿对我国大中型工业企业的技术进步效应——基于三因素的OLS回归和IRF分析

本文结合经济增长理论和技术进步理论,运用我国大中型工业企业1990～2011年的数据,实证分析了技术创新、扩散和模仿对我国大中型工业企业技术进步的影响.回归结果表明:技术扩散的途径中,技术转移能够促进我国大中型工业企业技术进步,而且影响最大;其次是来自FDI渠道的技术溢出,然而技术溢出会产生负面的技术进步效应;技术模仿也能促进技术进步,但是其影响不显著;由于制度等原因,本国的技术创新投入在一定程度上阻碍了大中型工业企业技术进步.上述结论和脉冲响应函数的结果基本相同,两者相互佐证.     

工业企业技术来源与技术创新效率——基于我国省际大中型工业企业的研究

大中型工业企业在我国经济发展中起主导作用,其技术创新能力不容忽视.本文采用DEA方法对我国1996～2008年省际大中型工业企业的技术创新效率进行了测算.首先将技术投入产出过程划分为两个阶段,针对不同的技术来源特点,设定不同的效率测算起点,并对各省份历年技术创新效率进行测算.研究表明,大中型工业企业技术成果生成效率波动不大,而技术成果转化效串有下降的趋势;技术成果生成效率较高的省份技术成果转化效率较低.     

基于创新协同理论的大中型工业企业技术创新能力评价研究

在科技高速发展的今天,大中型工业企业该如何提高自身的技术创新能力,使其能够持续、快速、健康地发展,成为一个不可忽视的问题。本文从研发能力、财务能力、协同能力和产出能力四个方面,选取了15个有代表性的评价指标,构建出了基于创新协同的企业技术创新能力评价指标体系。然后搜集了2011年东部和中部十九个省市大中型工业企业的指标数据,运用因子分析法进行综合分析。研究结果表明,我国大中型工业企业技术创新能力呈现出明显的从东部沿海地区向中部地区由高到低的递减分布。     

我国资源型企业技术创新能力分析——与大中型工业企业的比较研究

文章依据国家统计局公布的2003~2008年度数据,从技术创新投入、产出以及环境三个方面对我国资源型企业技术创新能力进行了分析。在与大中型工业企业相应指标进行对比分析的基础上,揭示了资源型企业技术创新能力存在的差距与问题,并提出了提高其技术创新能力的建议。     

中国工业企业技术创新能力的演变及成因——基于行业数据的分析

本文选取2006～2010年中国37个行业的大中型工业企业为研究对象,利用熵权TOPSIS法计算的行业技术创新能力评估结果,提出了一种分析行业技术创新能力变化的分类矩阵,对各行业技术创新能力的动态变化及成因进行了比较分析,从行业角度揭示中国工业企业技术创新能力发展不足的原因,并提出有针对性的政策建议。     

吉林省工业企业技术创新能力现状述评

为了能把握吉林省工业企业技术创新的基本状况,并进而评价吉林省经济体制改革的进程,《吉林省工业企业技术创新研究》课题组于１９９８年１１月对吉林省６４３家大中型工业企业进行了问卷调查。本文内容就是以这次调查所获得的数据为基础,对吉林省工业企业的技术创新情况做一概要的分析。     

辽宁省工业企业引进国外先进技术概况

辽宁省是“一五”时期建设起来的以重工业为主的工业基地。传统工业多,老企业多,大中型企业中有一多半是“日伪”时期遗留下来的,产品、设备、技术都严重老化。许多三、四十年代的设备还在使用,许多产品二、三十年一贯制,许多技术只相当国际五十年代以前的水平,产品、设备、技术都亟待更新。从我省三十多年工业发展的历史经验看,引进国外比较先进的技术,改造我省工业企业,是加快我省工业前进步伐的一条捷径。     

江苏国有大中型企业节电管理的调查与思考

江苏国有大中型企业节电管理的调查与思考江苏电力报特约记者闻治盛，张厚林江苏省国有大中型企业，１９９４年上缴国家利税１３８０．１５亿元，占全省工业利税的２９．８６％。这说明国有大中型企业是国民经济的支柱、国家财政收入的主要来源，但同时也是能源消耗和节能...     

基于创新协同理论的企业技术创新能力评价指标体系研究

企业是技术创新的主体,在科技高速发展的今天,企业该如何提高自身的技术创新能力,使其能够持续、快速、健康地发展,便成为一个不可忽视的问题。本文在对企业技术创新能力研究综述的基础上,从协同的角度进一步完善了企业技术创新能力评价理论基础,给出了企业创新协同系统的概念和企业技术创新能力要素。遵循科学性、系统性、可操作性和代表性的原则,从研发能力、财务能力、协同能力和产出能力四个方面,选取了15个有代表性的评价指标,构建出了基于创新协同理论的企业技术创新能力评价指标体系。     

中小企业技术创新的战略分析

伴随着我国市场经济的不断发展,中小企业在中国经济社会发展的地位和作用越来越重要。这也和世界各国中小企业的发展是一致的。在当今世界上,不管是发达国家、新兴工业化国家、还是发展中国家,都把发展中小企业作为振兴经济的战略措施,已形成了中小企业发展的世界性大潮。本文首先阐述中小企业技术创新的意义,然后分析中小企业技术创新的研究现状,在此基础上着重剖析技术创新的影响因素,最后提出提升技术创新的途径。     

基于河北省中小工业企业技术创新能力的创新模式分析

构建了由3个模块、9个要素、20个指标构成的中小工业企业技术创新能力评价指标体系,确定了评价方法,对河北省中小工业企业技术创新能力现状进行了系统分析,并根据分析结果确定了现阶段中小工业企业技术创新的模式,即大部分中小工业企业应以模仿创新和合作创新模式为主,但也绝不能忽视自主创新。     

External linkages and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises

While small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can enjoy a number of behavioural advantages over their larger counterparts in the innovation process (e.g. rapid response to external threats and opportunities; efficient internal communication; interactive management style), they can also suffer from a number of mainly material disadvantages (e.g. inability to spread risk over a portfolio of new products; difficulties in market start-up abroad; problems in funding longer-term R&D). One area in which SMEs can suffer a marked disadvantage is that of establishing the appropriate network of contacts with external sources of scientific and technological expertise and advice. This paper addresses the issue of SMEs’ external linkages and presents data from a number of studies showing the importance of in-house technical skills to linkage activity; the importance of complementary between in-house and external know-how accumulation; and the importance of technology strategy in guiding the accumulation process. SME-oriented public technology policies should be adapted to the specific needs of SMEs in that they should focus on facilitating vertical (supplier-manufacturercustomer) linkages and offer support throughout the innovation chain from pre- competitive research through to product development. Numerous studies testify to the importance of firms extensively ‘networking’ in order to improve innovation potential (for example, Mowery, 1988; Contractor and Lorange, 1988; CEST, 1990). The majority of these studies focus on formal technology agreements, such as R&D joint ventures,; tend to feature large firm collaboration rather than that undertaken by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); and while they often refer to the management problems involved in collaboration, few examine their management in any depth. This paper will describe the extensive collaborations of innovative SMEs, and will emphasise how the employment of key personnel affects the range and scope of linkages. It will highlight the broad diversity of linkages used by SMEs for technological development. And, by means of a case study of a highly technologically advanced SME, it will examine some of the most important management problems facing the collaborative process.     

中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理方案设计

中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理是一种实现其全寿命周期成本最小化、提高生存和发展能力的方法。在仿生学视角下将中小型科技企业的成长划分为孕育期、婴儿期、少年期、青年期、壮年期、老年期6个阶段,指出各阶段的属性、特征和成本管理应注意的事项,调查分析南阳市中小型科技企业所处寿命周期阶段和成本管理存在的问题及对策,发现其寿命周期曲线,分步设计中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理方案,介绍如何编制全寿命周期成本报告并进行分析应用,提出中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理的措施与建议。     

Determinants of technological innovation success and failure: Does marketing innovation matter?

Innovation is attracting increasing attention from public authorities, enterprises, and academics. Although emerging evidence has indicated that marketing innovation should be regarded as critical as technological innovations for enhancing companies' competitiveness, few studies have considered this topic.This study aims to address this gap by examining the role of marketing innovation in the relationship between technological innovation and innovation success and failure. This study analyses the 2010–2012 Community Innovation Survey sample of German enterprises by using a double hurdle model and a probit model with sample selection. The results show that when enterprises undertake a technological innovation, introducing a marketing innovation is observed not to play a significant role regarding innovation success and failure. Notably, when the four types of marketing innovations are disentangled in the analysis, new findings emerge. Innovation in product packaging and design is positively related to innovation success. Innovation in product promotion is negatively related to innovation success and positively related to probability of innovation failure. Academics are called to study the role of marketing innovation, regarding innovation success and failure, by devoting their attention to the level of each marketing innovation. Enterprises should then carefully consider which marketing innovation should be introduced.     

Ownership concentration and product innovation in Chinese private SMEs

Product innovation is extremely important to the growth, success, and ultimate survival of firms. Although its unique features in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have gained growing attention in the literature, there is limited knowledge as to how ownership concentration moderates the relationship between product innovation and its determinants. Based upon insights from agency and institutional theories, we examine the moderating effects of ownership concentration on the relationship between product innovation and its key determinants in Chinese SMEs, utilizing a large dataset of 43,728 Chinese firms over the period 2005–2006. We focus on examining the differences between single-owner SMEs, where there is dominant control of one family member, and multiple-owner SMEs, where principal-agent conflicts and principal-principal conflicts are more likely to occur. Our findings indicate that single-owned firms tend to convert research and development into product innovation more efficiently than firms with multiple owners, who are typically better at utilizing external sources of knowledge and human capital.     

Service innovation and adoption in industrial markets: An SME perspective

Service innovation is essential, particularly for companies operating in highly competitive environments, as it can lead to innovation adoption behaviors, which in turn influence overall business performance. Drawing upon the innovation adoption and relationship marketing literature, and grounded within the structure-conduct-performance paradigm and social exchange theory, this study examines the reputational and relational mechanisms through which service innovation influences the innovation adoption decisions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A survey of 336 Australian SME representatives reveals the critical role of suppliers’ sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) and affective commitment in mediating the relationship between service innovation and innovation adoption behavior. However, industry-relevant moderators in the form of technological turbulence and long-term orientation constrain the mediating effects. Specifically, perceived SCA has stronger mediating effects among short-term-oriented customers, whereas affective commitment has stronger mediating effects when technological turbulence is low. The findings provide useful insights for organizations in terms of capitalizing on their reputation and relationship with customers to encourage the adoption of innovation by SMEs.     

产业链定位、分工与集聚如何影响企业创新——基于江苏省制造业企业问卷调查的实证研究

本文利用对江苏省342家制造业企业的调查问卷实证研究了产业链定位、分工和集聚效应对于企业创新强度的影响,结果发现:处于产业链终端环节企业并没有表现出特定的创新优势,一定程度上反映出我国制造业产业链中的终端集成环节并未形成相应市场势力或集成创新能力;分工活动(以供应商数量作为度量指标)与创新强度之间呈现较为复杂的U型非线性关系;集聚效应并未对我国微观企业创新活动产生积极影响,未成为激发集群创新动力的有机载体。针对以上实证结果,基于我国经济转型背景和企业微观层面行为特征,我们就产业链定位、分工与集聚效应三个因素与我国制造业企业创新活动的内在关系与作用机理,结合统计性分析进一步进行了剖析和解释,并据此提出了相应的可行对策思路。