我国国内航空货运航线网络结构的实证分析

为了全面分析我国航空货运航线网络结构的现状,准确把握航空货运航线网络结构中存在的问题,本文运用统计分析和网络拓扑分析的方法,对我国国内航空货运样本航段的运量进行分析,计算结果显示:我国航空货运枢纽与客运枢纽具有高度叠加性,货运枢纽较客运枢纽更为显著;我国航空货运航线网络中的机场层次更加丰富;2007年航线网络的便利性较2002年有所提高;目前我国国内航空货运航线网络仍以城市对式航线网络结构为主,但也存在不均衡发展、多结构共存的现象。     

Discrete choice modelling in airline network management

The task of airline network management is to develop new flight schedule variants and evaluate them in terms of expected passenger demand and revenue. Given the industry's trend towards global cooperation, this is especially important when evaluating the potential synergies with alliance partners. From the econometric point of view, this task represents a discrete choice modelling problem in which one has to account for a large number of dependent alternatives. In this paper we discuss the applicability of recently proposed approaches and introduce a new multinomial probit specification designed for the airline network management task. The superior performance of the new model is demonstrated in a real‐world application using airline bookings data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

航空快递的经营特性与管理战略

在阐述我国近年来航空快递市场发展状况与趋势的基础上，分析了航空快递业务管理的三大特性：服务管理特性、物流管理特性与网络管理特性．指出航空快递业务网络是企业客户网络、航线网络、地面网络、信息网络、资金网络等共同构成的统一体，最后论述了航空快递企业的管理战略；     

A dynamic oligopoly game of the US airline industry: Estimation and policy experiments

This paper studies the contribution of demand, costs, and strategic factors to the adoption of hub-and-spoke networks in the US airline industry. Our results are based on the estimation of a dynamic game of network competition using data from the Airline Origin and Destination Survey with information on quantities, prices, and entry and exit decisions for every airline company in the routes between the 55 largest US cities. As methodological contributions of the paper, we propose and apply a method to reduce the dimension of the state space in dynamic games, and a procedure to deal with the problem of multiple equilibria when implementing counterfactual experiments. Our empirical results show that the most important factor to explain the adoption of hub-and-spoke networks is that the sunk cost of entry in a route declines importantly with the number of cities that the airline connects from the origin and destination airports of the route. For some carriers, the entry deterrence motive is the second most important factor to explain hub-and-spoke networks.     

Uncertain availability,spatial location and regulation: An application to the airline industry

This paper presents an analysis of industries characterized by both uncertain availability and spatial location of the product. The analyis is applied to the US airline industry and is used to analyze the differential effect of price regulation on different markets and firms. From this analysis we obtain insights into which firms and markets may have benefited most from the deregulation of the industry in 1978. Previous works on the regulation of the airline industry implicitly assume that markets have the same demand structure. If airline services are of homogeneous quality, men we do not expect the unregulated solution to depend on demand structures. If on the other hand airline services vary in their quality component, then different markets may have different equilibrium price-quality combinations depending on the characteristics of demand. This paper explores the implication of different demand structures on the impact of (de)regulation.     

Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry: An Analysis of Turkish Airlines Experience

SUMMARY

This paper investigates antecedents of success/failure in strategic alliances, which is implemented by airline companies as a response to globalization and liberal government policies. The relationship between Turkish Airlines and Qualiflyer Group, the largest airline alliance in Europe until its collapse in 2001, has been taken as a case study to present the question in terms of matching the goals, partner selection, alliance management, and areas of cooperation. Two factors at the macro-level and four factors at the micro-level are found to be important to succeed in strategic airline alliances.     

联盟航空公司合作程度的选择研究

本文讨论了联盟航空公司之间的合作程度及其存在的风险和收益,并对合作的目标和合作紧密程度间的关系进行了分析。分析结果表明,无论联盟航空公司选择何种合作程度,都能给航空公司带来一定的收益。合作越紧密,能够满足的目标越多,但潜在的风险和投资也越大,因此联盟航空公司在选择时需要根据不同的目标进行权衡取舍。     

基于组合预测模型的航空货运吞吐量预测研究

目前对于机场货运吞吐量的预测方法不尽合理,导致预测与实际情况差别较大,为此本文提出将内在影响因素融入组合预测模型,从而对航空货物运输进行预测,使得预测结果更加接近实际情况.本文以香港国际机场为背景,运用Shapley值法将BP神经网络和灰色理论预测模型进行组合,对其航空货运吞吐量进行了实证研究,并将此预测方法推广应用于其他机场的预测.     

Greening the airline pilot: HRM and the green performance of airlines in the UK

This paper investigates the potential for human resource management (HRM) to influence the green performance of airlines. The focus is on the management of airline pilots, in particular, who have unparalleled opportunities to affect green performance through their control of the machines that directly impact the industry's carbon footprint. As a result it is vital that the HR function finds ways to engage them in the greening of the organization and works to reduce the triggers to actions that have the potential to sabotage the green aims of the airline industry. To this end, the paper discusses first the indirect effects of HRM in terms of its influence on employee job satisfaction, commitment and involvement in the airline, which can reduce the propensity of pilots to engage in actions detrimental to the green performance of the airline. Second, it explores the nature and purpose of direct green HRM initiatives and airline pilot responses to these. It concludes that the role HR managers can play via their management of the employment relationship on the green performance of airlines in the UK is crucial but that they face considerable challenges.     

基于航空公司飞机滑行油耗均衡原则的机场停机位分配算法

机位是机场的重要资源,高效、合理的分配机位是机场运行的一个重要环节,也是机场地面作业的一个重要任务。本文建立了以各航空公司飞机滑行耗油均衡的目标机位分配策略,并采用遗传算法进行求解。数据结果证明了模型的和算法的有效性,表明该分配策略具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。     

航空公司运营效率研究综述

航空公司运营效率是一个涉及多学科、多层面、多因素的复杂问题。在对国内外近30年以来的70篇文献研究的基础上,梳理了航空公司运营效率概念的形成与发展,并对航空公司运营效率的研究方法进行了整理及归类,最后,分别就国外研究现状和国内研究现状进行了综述和分析。     

The Construction of a Low‐Cost Airline Network – Facing Competition and Exploring New Markets

The paper investigates the construction of a low‐cost airline network by analyzing JetBlue Airways' entry decisions into non‐stop domestic US airport‐pair markets. Adopting duration models, we find that JetBlue consistently avoided concentrated airports and targeted concentrated routes; network economies also affected entry positively. For non‐stop entry into routes that have not been served directly before, our analysis reveals that the carrier focused on thicker routes and secondary airports. Non‐stop entry into existing non‐stop markets, however, shows that JetBlue concentrated on longer‐haul markets and avoided routes already operated by either other low‐cost carriers or network carriers under bankruptcy protection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

游泳训练对促进空乘人员形体美的浅谈

空中乘务员是一个航空公司的直接对外窗口,通过他们展现出航空公司的形象和服务理念,然而一个优秀的乘务员首先从外观上就要给人以美的感觉,因此形体训练显得尤为重要,本文从游泳训练入手,培养乘务员良好的身姿和优雅的气质,使其具备完善的职业素质,从而适应当代形势下的行业要求。     

航空公司安全管理体系(SMS)建设方法研究

安全管理体系(SMS)是降低航空运营过程中安全风险的主要措施和保证,SMS建设也在我国各航空公司逐步展开。文章借鉴民航空管系统SMS建设经验,结合我国航空公司运营特点,从安全文化建设、安全管理实施方法、安全监察机制建设三方面对我国航空公司安全体系建设方法提出了建议。     

Excess capacity: a permanent characteristic of US airlines?

This paper examines the permanence of excess capacity in the US airline industry. To avoid the problems with the standard engineering measure of capacity utilization, load factor, we define and measure capacity as an economic concept. Two measures of economic capacity utilization are then computed—one, a demand-based measure and the other an output-based measure of capacity utilization. Both measures share little in common with the standard engineering measure (load factor) and reveal some interesting attributes of airline travel demand. This paper also provides interesting new insights into the role of deregulation and the costs of excess capacity during regulation. Specifically, it is found that deregulation with the concomitant rationalization of route structures enabled airlines to move closer to their optimal levels of capacity and facilitated substantial improvements in capacity utilization and cost reductions over the period considered. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pricing Practices of Resellers in the Airline Industry: Posted Price vs. Name‐Your‐Own‐Price Models

I find that when a reseller with market power serves an airline company and only linear contracts are feasible, the airline prefers that the reseller utilizes the Name‐Your‐Own‐Price (NYOP) (a la Priceline) instead of the Posted Price (PP) (a la Hotwire) model. Essentially, the airline can better extract the surplus of the reseller if power over pricing is in the hands of numerous consumers, each bidding according to her preferences, instead of being concentrated in the hands of the reseller. Introducing two part tariff contracts or competition among resellers eliminates the distinction between the two pricing models. Either form of pricing generates the same outcome as vertical integration of the airline with the downstream market of resellers.     

The impact of implementing the airline deregulation act on stock returns

Between 1978 and 1985, the airline industry underwent a period of phased-in deregulation. Airline deregulation resulted from passage of the Airline Deregulation Act on October 24, 1978. This paper investigates the impact of two main provisions of this Act on the security returns in the airline industry. Using event study methodology, this study examines the impact of (1) airlines becoming responsible for determining their domestic routes and schedules (December 31, 1981) and (2) airlines being allowed to set domestic fares and engage in price competition (January 1, 1983) on the returns of a sample of airline common stocks. The study finds a positive market response around the phase-in provision permitting airlines to assume responsibility for determining their domestic routes and schedules, but a negative response around the phase-in provision allowing airlines to set domestic fares and engage in price competition.     

overview of OR techniques for airline revenue management

With the increasing interest in decision support systems and the continuous advance of computer science, revenue management is a discipline which has received a great deal of interest in recent years. Although revenue management has seen many new applications throughout the years, the main focus of research continues to be the airline industry. Ever since LITTLEWOOD (1972) first proposed a solution method for the airline revenue management problem, a variety of solution methods have been introduced. In this paper we give an overview of the solution methods presented throughout the literature.     

Airline passenger traffic openness and the performance of Emirates Airline

This paper uses cross-sectional data for 155 routes connecting Dubai to various international destinations to assess the relationship between air travel openness, representing airline agreements and the framework governing airlines, and the economic performance of Emirates Airline. We find that increased openness is associated with higher enplanement and lower fares. We also find that code-sharing agreements are associated with higher enplanement and higher fares. Given the complementary nature of such agreements for Emirates, this suggests potential collusive behavior. While these findings are specific to Emirates, they are regionally relevant as most carriers in the Gulf operate in an environment that is similar to Emirates's. Thus, further liberalization of the passenger airline markets of UAE and other Gulf carriers – which includes the elimination of code-sharing-related collusive agreements – would likely result in increased expenditure on air travel and lower production costs (from ensuing competitive pressures). Such outcomes can potentially yield net welfare gains for the UAE and other Gulf countries.     

基于我国民用客机机上网络主要盈利模式的探讨

随着我国经济高速发展,越来越多的人首选民用航空客机作为出行交通工具。仅2013年上半年,全行业完成旅客运输量1.7亿人次,同比增长11%。随着旅客数量的骤增和信息网络的高速发展,高空使用互联网已经成为越来越多旅客的普遍需要。我国民用客机机上网络近两年才开始探索,与国外有较大差距,因此,对于国内航空公司而言,如何提供便捷、高效的机上无线网络服务已刻不容缓;同时作为一项新的航空服务,如何开发利用好其巨大的市场和盈利空间亦是各航空公司迫切需要解决的。