我国境内上市银行改制重组方式的比较研究（二）

我国商业银行正处在一个以改制、重组、上市为重心的蜂聚性的体制创新阶段，财务重组、战略引资和构建股份制框架下的公司治理体系是国有商业银行改制的三项核心工作，已上市银行改制重组的不同模式则是可贵的借鉴材料。本文选取我国境内上市的浦东发展银行、民生银行、招商银行和华夏银行改制重组的案例，梳理、比较和分析它们在财务重组、战略引资和公司治理构建方面的不同做法，并结合各行改制重组的特殊性探讨了值得借鉴的主要经验，旨在为国有商业银行改制重组提供有益的参考与借鉴。上期刊发了文章的第一部分，本期将继续刊发文章的其余内容。     

绩效、控股权与战略投资者：转型经济银行改革的经验

东欧转型经济与中国当前的银行改革具有相似性。东欧国家在第一次银行改革中保持了国有控股权，但并没有提高经营绩效，继续开放导致超过75％的银行资产被外资控制。东欧国家的经验表明：在继续保持国有控股的情况下，引进战略投资者作为小股东并不能建立良好的银行治理结构，也不会有效改善经营业绩；而外国战略投资者控股银行后能够显著提高银行业绩，但国家也丧失了银行控股权，似乎在现有的改革路线中改善绩效与保持银行控股权二者不可兼得。因此，中国如果必须保持国内力量对主要银行的控股权，则应借鉴招商银行模式，建立国内大型企业法人持股的治理结构。     

对我国银行业引进境外战略投资者的几点思考

银行业作为现代经济的核心,引进境外战略投资者的意义非同一般。国家一方面做出国有银行上市必须引进境外战略投资者的政策要求,另一方面积极出台系列措施,鼓励合格境外战略投资者参与国内银行的产权重组,从根本上改变产权结构的单一性,实现股权结构的多元化。只有在投资主体和利益主体多元化的基础上,国家财政才不可能再为商业银行的经营亏损去买单,从体制上消除道德风险。     

关于农行引进战略投资者问题的思考

2008年11月6日,汇金公司向农行注资1300亿元人民币等值美元,并将持有农行50％的股份,与财政部并列成为农行第一大股东。农行的股份制改革进入了实质性阶段。回顾建行、中行和工行的股份制改革,均经历了财务重组、股份制公司改造和引进战略投资者后上市三个阶段。目前,农行内部的财务重组活动已经接近尾声,股份制公司的挂牌也预计在不久后完成,而关于引进战略投资者的问题农行尚没有展开。能否成功引进合适的战略投资者,对于国有商业银行股份制改革的成败事关重大。     

我国境内上市银行改制重组方式的比较研究（一）

我国商业银行正处在一个以改制、重组、上市为重心的蜂聚性的体制创新阶段，财务重组、战略引资和构建股份制框架下的公司治理体系是国有商业银行改制的三项核心工作，已上市银行改制重组的不同模式则是可贵的借鉴材料。本文选取我国境内上市的浦东发展银行、民生银行、招商银行和华夏银行改制重组的案例，梳理、比较和分析它们在财务重组、战略引资和公司治理构建方面的不同做法，并结合各行改制重组的特殊性探讨了值得借鉴的主要经验，旨在为国有商业银行改制重组提供有益的参考与借鉴。由于文章较长，将分两期刊发。本期是该文章的第一部分：上市银行财务重组方式的比较分析。     

大型上市银行投资者关系管理的理论及实践

投资者关系管理问题是近年来新兴起的课题,因其应用广泛而具有重要的研究价值。本世纪初开始,我国大型商业银行纷纷改制重组并实现公开发行上市,传统的单一股权结构得到改变,投资者关系管理工作作为大型银行的一项重要治理活动开始提到议事日程。本文即针对大型上市银行这一主体,在对以往理论和国内外最佳实践进行分析研究的基础上,探讨和完善了大型上市银行投资者关系管理的基本理论框架,力求有利于指导实践工作。     

引进战略投资者对国有商业银行公司治理的影响

我国国有商业银行公司治理的关键性缺陷主要是出资人缺位问题、人事制度及扭曲的激励约束制度问题和风险管理制度缺失问题,战略投资者加入之后对这三方面的缺陷都有改进作用,有利于国有商业银行公司治理水平的提高,但是囿于我国金融基础性制     

绩效、控股权与战略投资者:转型经济银行改革的经验

东欧转型经济与中国当前的银行改革具有相似性。东欧国家在第一次银行改革中保持了国有控股权,但并没有提高经营绩效,继续开放导致超过75%的银行资产被外资控制。东欧国家的经验表明:在继续保持国有控股的情况下,引进战略投资者作为小股东并不能建立良好的银行治理结构,也不会有效改善经营业绩;而外国战略投资者控股银行后能够显著提高银行业绩,但国家也丧失了银行控股权,似乎在现有的改革路线中改善绩效与保持银行控股权二者不可兼得。因此,中国如果必须保持国内力量对主要银行的控股权,则应借鉴招商银行模式,建立国内大型企业法人持股的治理结构。     

境外战略投资者对中东欧8国银行产业转型与发展的影响

中东欧8国银行产业转型最重要的步骤之一是引进外资银行,形成了外资银行在该地区银行市场占有巨大市场份额的基本格局。从目前的情况来看,外资银行对中东欧8国银行产业的影响是正面的积极的,既改善了中东欧8国的宏观经济金融环境,也带动了本土银行的发展。     

Institutional investors and bank governance: An international analysis of bank earnings management

Despite the growing importance of institutional investors in global capital markets and the link between bank earnings management and financial crash risk, little is known about the role of institutional investors in mitigating bank earnings management. We conduct the first international analysis of this issue using a broad sample of banks and institutional investors. We find a negative relation between institutional ownership and bank earnings management, after controlling for the stringency of a country's bank regulations and other relevant bank and country characteristics. Additionally, institutional ownership is more negatively related to earnings management in countries with more-stringent bank disclosure requirements or when ownership is held by domestic rather than foreign institutional investors. Institutional ownership is also more negatively related to earnings management in countries in which insiders extract more private benefits or when ownership is held by institutional blockholders. Our findings have important policy implications regarding institutional investors' engagement with banks.     

Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have

This paper considers a firm that must issue common stock to raise cash to undertake a valuable investment opportunity. Management is assumed to know more about the firm's value than potential investors. Investors interpret the firm's actions rationally. An equilibrium model of the issue-invest decision is developed under these assumptions. The model shows that firms may refuse to issue stock, and therefore may pass up valuable investment opportunities. The model suggests explanations for several aspects of corporate financing behavior, including the tendency to rely on internal sources of funds, and to prefer debt to equity if external financing is required. Extensions and applications of the model are discussed.     

积极培育中国股市的机构投资者

上市公司和机构投资者是证券市场的两大主体。培育机构投资者,加大机构投资者比重对改善投资主体结构和运行环境,提高市场的整个质量和长期可持续发展能力,加快证券市场的市场化进程有着深远意义。     

中国股市散户生存哲学

火狐清澈:摘自SOHU财经论坛我从不对大盘的高度做无谓的预测。因为,正如业内人士所说的那样:大多数投资者总是“赚了指数赔了钱”。的确,我们的市况已经发展到了这样的一种境地:即便大盘指数上涨,我们的股票完全可能原地踏步或朝反方向运动,这让我们如何欢呼起来呢?在股票市场徜徉了几年后,毫不客气地说,我早已看透了其中的道道,并且在这个与     

Strategic distortions in analyst forecasts in the presence of short-term institutional investors

We document that analysts cater to short-term investors by issuing optimistic target prices. Catering dominates among analysts at brokers without an investment banking arm as they face lower reputational cost. The market does not see through the analyst catering activity and their forecasts lead to temporary stock overpricing that short-term institutional investors exploit to offload their holdings to retail traders. We also report evidence consistent with catering brokers being rewarded with more future trades channelled through them. Our study identifies a new source of conflicts of interest in analyst research originating from the ownership composition of a stock.     

The impact of the Internet upon bank marketing

Information and communication are critical to developing customer relationships. Thus, new information and communication technologies (NICTs) became a key knowledge tool for the organisation within a relationship marketing strategy. Retail banking is a good example of a sector in which the virtualisation of relationships is increasing. However, there is no consensus as to whether banking relationships are strengthened or weakened by the use of technology. This article discusses the virtualisation of the interaction processes between banks and their customers and analyses the influence of the Internet on these relationships. A questionnaire was distributed by mail to 340 Internet banking services’ users. A principal components analysis and a multiple regression analysis were conducted in order to discuss the relationship between the identified dimensions of Internet banking and relationship marketing. The research finds three factors related to the use of Internet banking which strengthen the relationships between banks and their customers: the intensity of Internet use, the diversity of access locations and the diversity of Internet applications. From a managerial point of view, these findings have implications for the development of new relationship approaches based on technology.     

银行的管理者需要有宏观意识

经济金融形势分析预测有多重要 企业的经营管理离不开国际国内经济金融领域这个大环境．尤其是对商业银行管理者来说．正确看待、分析、把握当前经济金融发展状况及其中长期走势十分重要。国际国内经济金融发展状况变化多端，影响因素错综复杂．关键在于抓住本质进行深入透彻的分析。首先的重点是分析研究一国的宏观经济政策，主要包括一国的财政政策和货币政策。     

关于农业银行开展投资银行业务的战略构想

本文通过对国外商业银行发展投资银行业务经验的总结 ,结合农业银行现阶段的实际情况 ,对农业银行开展投资银行业务的战略构想进行了探讨。     

The ECB's OMTs: A tale of governments,investors, and the central bank

This paper analyses official financial assistance via ESM programmes, with and without the ECB's OMTs. As long as macroeconomic imbalances are small, ESM stand-alone programmes galvanize creditors into rolling over their loans, alleviate the liquidity crisis and help the country to implement adjustment policies. Yet the impact of fiscal consolidation and structural reforms is likely to be recessionary in the short run, since these reforms take a long time to pay off. Recessionary effects raise strategic uncertainty in the roll-over decisions of creditors, thus reducing the effectiveness of ESM liquidity assistance. With large imbalances, liquidity problems can only be overcome with credible and sizable official assistance. Adding OMTs to an ESM programme mitigates the policy dilemma, but does not fully restore investor confidence when macroeconomic imbalances are too large.     

Do the diversification choices of individual investors influence stock returns?

This paper shows that the diversification choices of individual investors influence stock returns. A zero-cost portfolio that takes a long (short) position in stocks with the least (most) diversified individual investor clientele generates an annual, risk-adjusted return of 5–9%. This spread reflects the combined effects of sentiment-induced mispricing, narrow risk framing, and asymmetric information, where the sentiment effect is the strongest. Furthermore, the influence on returns is stronger among smaller, low institutionally owned, and hard-to-arbitrage stocks. These results are robust to concerns about relatively short sample size, improper factor model specification, slow information diffusion, and high transactions costs.