基于风险偏好的投资组合效用最大化模型研究

在投资过程中,风险和收益之间存在着一种权衡,这种权衡是根据投资者风险偏好的不同而不同,这就要求我们在构建投资组合时应该充分考虑投资者的风险偏好从而达到投资效用最大化。本文通过建立均值—最大熵优化模型,将风险因子引入所构建的投资组合模型中,通过调整风险因子,得到符合投资者风险偏好的投资组合,并通过汇添富消费混合基金的实证研究,验证了该投资组合效绩明显优于市场组合及样本组合。     

风险与收益权衡的证券投资组合决策方法

本文提出了一个证券投资组合的期望效用最大化模型及其分析方法,把客观的市场环境和投资者的主观态度结合起来构建证券组合策略。在这个模型中,假设投资者对证券投资持谨慎保守态度,且通过一个指数效用函数来对其进行描述,这样,投资者可以自己设置不同的风险厌恶系数。接下来,本文引入了证券组合的变异系数作为投资者权衡风险与收益的工具,当变异系数达到投资者对风险与收益权衡的一个设定值时,由此产生的证券组合是符合投资者偏好和市场环境状况的最佳策略。最后,本文应用此模型和方法对一个简单的证券组合例子进行了实证分析。     

基金投资面临的问题与障碍

我国证券投资基金目前的投资品种限于流通A股及国债 ,一是无法满足投资者对收益和风险的不同偏好 ,不利于吸引社会资金 ;二是对大额资金因交易品种单一而意味着投资组合调整的有限性 ,使系统性风险加大。仅靠注重业绩、组合投资的理性投资理念 ,基金经理可以分散非系统性投资风险 ,但无法从根本上避免股市的主要风险 ,即系统性风险。     

基于风险预算的资产配置方法

本文根据Markowitz投资组合理论进行最优资产配置的思想,用风险贡献率作为风险预算的表示,提出了基于风险预算理论的次优资产配置方法,为投资者在有多种风险约束和偏好的情况下,确定符合其特定风险预算需求的次优资产组合提供了一种思路。     

居民风险偏好水平对家庭资产结构的影响

本文实证检验了居民风险偏好对于家庭资产结构风险性和分散性的影响。结果表明,居民风险偏好水平越高,配置于风险金融资产的比例越高,但同时所持资产结构也越分散。进一步研究发现,居民风险偏好水平越低,越倾向于只持有无风险资产,这是造成居民风险偏好水平与资产结构分散程度正相关的主要原因。此外,收入越低、健康状况越糟、风险偏好水平越低的居民投资者持有只含有无风险资产投资组合的概率越大     

高阶矩风险与金融投资决策

针对传统投资组合理论没有考虑高阶矩风险这一缺陷,总结近期金融领域中有关偏度和峰度的研究成果,基于"均值-方差"效用函数的Taylor展开,讨论了投资者对高阶矩风险(偏度风险和峰度风险)的偏好特征。     

投资组合效用问题的研究

每个投资者都有一条无差异曲线来表示他对于预期回报率和标准差的偏好。我们曾研究了风险资产进行投资组合时的效用最大化问题，通过空间变换把Markowitz模型的有效前沿用投资组合的权重向量表示出来，然后将无差异曲线（IDC）也用投资组合的权重向量表示出来，再由风险资产组合的有效选择原则求出了效用最大化的风险资产组合。在本文中，我们进一步研究了含无风险资产时投资组合的效用最大化问题，以及不同借贷利率下投资组合的效用最大化问题。     

证券投资基金需求与其风格关系的实证分析

以组合管理为基本方法的证券投资基金,由于其投资风格选择的不同会导致投资者对其投资偏好的差异,加之证券市场的非有效性和投资者的非完全理性,投资者对基金的投资决策更多基于心理动机和行为因素的判断。本文运用行为组合理论,对我国证券市场封闭式基金的折价状况进行了考察,分析了证券投资基金投资风格选择对基金需求的影响,针对我国证券市场投资者的需求特点和偏好状况进行了研究。     

金融危机背景下套利定价模型的浅析

金融危机给资本市场投资带来了更大的风险,也使得证券投资在定价分析上更加复杂化。从现代投资组合模型的演化和目前投资人普遍规避风险的倾向来看,套利定价模型是更有效的分析模型。投资者可以在结合资本市场实际情况和偏好的同时运用套利定价模型,以便在危机中做出理性的选择。     

国外房地产投资组合风险分散化研究综述

从20世纪70年代起，房地产开始成为许多大型基金的投资领域，随之而来的投资风险规避和分散已成为基金投资的重点关注内容。许多研究者开始寻求评估房地产投资组合风险及其方法，尤其是集中于房地产投资组合风险的分散化策略。房地产投资组合风险主要包含两类：系统风险和非系统风险。对于系统风险，不能在组合投资中被分散，而对于非系统风险，投资者可以通过调整投资组合策略分散风险．保证投资者获得稳定收益。     

Investors' carbon risk exposure and their potential for shareholder engagement

This article examines the exposure to and management of carbon risks of different investor types. Considering the dual role as portfolio manager and partial owner, we analyze carbon risk for investors both in terms of exposure to portfolio values and in terms of responsibility as shareholder of carbon-intensive firms. We show that among various investor types, the preference for holding carbon-intensive stocks differs substantially, even when considering traditional investment decision parameters. In particular, it is governments whose portfolio values are most threatened by a carbon risk exposure of 49%, but at the same time, they prefer larger ownership shares in polluting firms. In contrast, individual investors, investment advisors, and mutual funds avoid holding stakes in these firms, while revealing only a moderate exposure of their assets to carbon risk. In view of the Paris Agreement, which includes the consistent steering of financial flows towards a low carbon transformation of the economy, our study provides policymakers with important implications regarding the coverage and effects of respective regulations. By identifying the ownership structures of carbon-intensive firms and respective owners' portfolio compositions, we also offer implications for further research on portfolio decarbonization and shareholders' influence of corporate carbon management.     

Do alternative energy markets provide optimal alternative investment opportunities?

This paper investigates diversification opportunities for investors among different alternative energy markets. We sample six alternative energy markets namely World, Developed, Emerging, EU, BRIC and G7 with daily data ranging from January 2006 to December 2017. For estimations, we use wavelet multiple correlation and wavelet multiple cross correlation proposed by Polanco-Martínez and Fernández-Macho (2014) to find pairwise correlation at different investment horizons. Our work contributes in measuring integration level among alternative regional energy markets across different investment horizons. Our results highlight that World, Developed, Emerging, EU markets offer maximum diversification when included with either Emerging or BRIC energy markets in a portfolio. Furthermore, diversification benefits are more prominent under intra-week to monthly investment horizons for all portfolio combinations. We also rank different pairs of alternative markets based on their integration level which carry important implications for portfolio diversification and risk management.     

Diversified behavioral portfolio as an alternative to Modern Portfolio Theory

The traditional mean–variance approach has been complemented by alternative theories that use risk measures different from standard deviation of returns or involve additional distributional features of returns like skewness and kurtosis. We propose a portfolio choice model that combines different distributional characteristics of the returns in the decision-making making process, considering preferences of investors which are modeled as non-statistical uncertainties of investors using fuzzy theory. We use 20 stocks of the S&P500 from January 2013 to December 2017. We assess the obtained portfolios’ performance, and the diversified behavioral portfolios outperform than the mean–variance portfolio. This methodological proposal can be seen as a strong managerial tool to make investment portfolio decisions.     

基于对冲基金的投资组合新架构研究

本文在分析传统的投资对冲基金组合架构存在不足的基础上,提出了新的资产组合构架模型,并通过美国市场的数据论证了对冲基金为何不是一个纯粹超额收益的制造者而更多是一个风险溢价的提供者以及将对冲基金与传统资产有机整合到一起的好处,为投资者优化资产投资组合提供了新的方法。     

Optimal investment decisions when time-horizon is uncertain

Many investors do not know with certainty when their portfolio will be liquidated. Should their portfolio selection be influenced by the uncertainty of exit time? In order to answer this question, we consider a suitable extension of the familiar optimal investment problem of Merton [Merton, R.C., 1971. Optimal consumption and portfolio rules in a continuous-time model. Journal of Economic Theory 3, 373–413], where we allow the conditional distribution function of an agent’s time-horizon to be stochastic and correlated to returns on risky securities. In contrast to existing literature, which has focused on an independent time-horizon, we show that the portfolio decision is affected.     

资产组合投资的整体收益与风险

在进行资产组合投资时为了取得资产组合的多样化效应,投资者要做出两项选择。第一是选择什么样的资产构成作为投资组合。第二是在已选择的资产组合中每种资产所占的比重是多大。这两个选择的科学合理性就决定了投资人投资组合的整体效益与风险的大小。     

Can sustainable investments outperform traditional benchmarks? Evidence from global stock markets

To contribute to overcoming global sustainability challenges, investors have been increasingly interested in making sustainable investments and incorporating environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria into their portfolio selection decisions and managerial activities. However, these investors and other agents interested in sustainable investment need updated and robust information to support their decision making. We analyzed the performance of several Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSIs) and compared them with their respective market benchmarks from 2013 to 2018. The indices comprise the following regions and countries: the world, the Asia‐Pacific, Europe, emerging markets and the US. The analysis was conducted based on both classic and modern portfolio metrics. The results suggest that sustainable investment performance is still heterogeneous worldwide, but there is a promising opportunity for investors to obtain superior risk‐adjusted returns in certain regions while incorporating sustainable investment practices. The findings are of utmost importance to financial market practitioners, business managers, academics and other stakeholders interested in promoting investments, corporate practices and scientific knowledge to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).     

Implied Sharpe ratios of portfolios with options: Application to Nikkei futures and listed options

We propose a criterion for portfolio selection, implied excess Sharpe ratio. The implied excess Sharpe ratio is intended as an excess Sharpe ratio (versus the underlying stock) that investors can expect to enjoy from portfolios that include options and is a useful ex ante indicator that can be easily calculated. There are a variety of ways to include options in a portfolio, but we theoretically show that the combination that produces the largest implied excess Sharpe ratio is the best way to maximize the short-term Sharpe ratio. The selection process uses implied excess Sharpe ratio, which is easily calculated from stock lending fees implied by stock prices and actual stock lending fee. It does not require historical simulation or prediction of share price average growth rates and is highly transparent as it can be easily reproduced (at a low calculation cost). Hence, the implied excess Sharpe ratio is a simple but effective tool for investors seeking returns in exchange for a certain amount of risk that want to use the options market efficiently. The short-term Sharpe ratio is not necessarily the only criterion, but is a rational benchmark of portfolio performance closely related to criteria such as the long-term Sharpe ratio and maximum drawdown. To examine the benefit of the concept, we construct an investment strategy that automatically selects from multiple candidate portfolios that are made up of combinations of Nikkei futures and Nikkei listed options the portfolio with the largest implied excess Sharpe ratio. Back-testing shows that this investment strategy performs well over the long term as well.     

Shareholder Heterogeneity and Conflicting Goals: Strategic Investments in the Japanese Electronics Industry

This article investigates the effects of the changing institutional environment on strategic orientations of Japanese electronics firms during the 1990s. We examine the effects of three different types of shareholders on strategic directions of their invested firms. The first one, foreign portfolio investors, characterizes the emerging influence that pressed for change in corporate strategies. The two domestic shareholders, corporate investors and financial institutions, represent the conventional forces for continuity. Between the two domestic forces, though, while corporate investors attempted to maintain status quo, financial institutions have shifted towards market‐oriented behaviour of investment. Specifically, we explore: (1) the influence of each type of shareholder on a firm's diversification strategy and capital commitment; and (2) the moderating effects of firm performance on the relationships between ownership structure and strategic choices. The results suggest that foreign investors prefer the focused product portfolio and conservative capital commitment. They also prefer the reduction of capital investment when the financial performance of their invested firms is poor. Domestic financial institutions are now similarly sensitive to the performance of their invested firms when those firms make strategic investments. By contrast, domestic corporate shareholders remain indifferent to performance, while they aim to maintain relational business ties with invested firms.