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1.
K. Bayliss 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2002,73(4):603-625
This article examines the effects on poverty of privatization, an impact to which donors have given little attention in their concern with efficiency and markets. The analysis of the distributional impact of privatization activities draws on empirical cases in the utilities sector in a wide range of developing economies, principally in Africa and Latin America. After a critical consideration of the World Bank position on privatization strategies, and the arguments presented by donors on the pro–poor effects of these economic reforms, the article turns to the negative distributional effects. It is argued that privatization has demonstrably damaged the poor, whether through loss of employment and income, or through exclusion from, or reduced access to, basic services. This is mainly because private firms are principally concerned with profits, prices and costs, and are highly selective as to sectors and types of consumer. Meanwhile, the weakness of governance and regulatory capacity in many developing countries lead to poor control of market abuses. The article concludes by proposing that donors should take more account of local variations in state–market relations, and be prepared to give consideration to alternative economic strategies where privatization is not working as intended. 相似文献
2.
Dieter Bös 《Review of Development Economics》1997,1(3):337-354
Many of the problems of privatization in developing countries result from the lack of information about the situation of the economy and from the lack of determination on their path of privatization. This paper addresses the lack of information by presenting a theory of incomplete privatization contracts. It then turns to the lack of determination, dealing with particular problems of partially privatized firms and, finally, postulating an elaborate system of price regulation of privatized monopolies, which typically is missing in developing countries. 相似文献
3.
In this paper the following results of a transition from public to private ownership are obtained: The manager of a public firm engages in less effort than is efficient; in a privatized firm the manager's effort is chosen efficiently. The reward to the manager of a public firm is more differentiated than efficient. In the case of an unfavourable economic environment the reward is higher than efficient. On the other hand, the manager in a privatized firm is always rewarded efficiently. It is irrelevant whether the public manager is incompletely informed about the particular mix of government's multiple objectives as long as the government chooses the incentive-compatible reward for the manager.
Zusammenfassung Wird ein Unternehmen vom öffentlichen ins private Eigentum übergeführt, so gilt folgendes: Im öffentlichen Unternehmen sind das Ausmaß der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinvestitionen sowie der Arbeitseinsatz des Managers niedriger als im Kostenminimum. Im privatisierten Unternehmen werden dagegen der Arbeitseinsatz des Managers und die Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinvestitionen in kostenminimierendem Umfang gewählt. In der öffentlichen Unternehmung führt Informationsasymmetrie zu einer stärkeren Spreizung der Managerentlohnung als im privatisierten Unternehmen. In privatisierten Unternehmen ist die Managerentlohnung so niedrig, daß der Manager nur seinen Reservationsnutzen erhält.相似文献
4.
Stephen P. Holland 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2006,34(2):291-315
This paper analyzes the inefficiencies from market power and return-flow externalities in private construction of a water
project. The model pays special attention to increasing groundwater pumping costs, project set-up costs, limited project capacity,
and return flow to the aquifer. For a given capacity, the return-flow externality causes project owners to construct the project
too late when the price of groundwater is too high because the external benefit of return-flow to the aquifer is not captured.
Market power exacerbates these effects since the project owner delays construction to accelerate groundwater overdraft. The
return-flow externality and market power also decrease installed capacity and increase overdraft from the aquifer. Applying
the model to the construction of the Central Arizona Project (CAP) for a given capacity, the estimated deadweight loss from
hypothetical private construction of the project ($0.853 billion) is substantially less than the literature’s estimate of
deadweight loss from actual construction by the Bureau of Reclamation ($2.603 billion). However, under the federal subsidies
and insecure property rights that accompanied the CAP, private construction results in a larger estimated efficiency loss
($6.126 billion). 相似文献
5.
The primary focus of this work is on the nature of the privatization debate rather than on an attempt to explore the truth
or validity of each of the many claims and counterclaims that have been made for the practice of privatization. The main objective
is to discover why the issues remain controversial and whether there are prospects for reconciliation. The results obtained
from the evidence examined suggest there is no well-formed theory of privatization, and no well-formed opposing theory. In
the absence of a convincing theory, the authors conclude they expect the debate to continue on the lines of competition, free
markets and choice versus complaints about unfulfilled promises and unexpected costs, corruption scandals and disadvantages
to the poor, and suggest possible ways forward.
相似文献
John DonaldsonEmail: |
6.
Witold Kasperkiewicz Wacława Starzyńska 《International Advances in Economic Research》1998,4(1):16-23
The transition from centrally planned to market economies in Eastern Europe has become a field of debate in economic literature since the late 1980s. Privatization plays a very important role because it is also a sensitive political problem. Privatization is a key element of the several reform packages that are being applied in Poland. This paper examines the different ways that small- and medium-sized enterprises were privatized from 1990 to 1995 using statistical data of the Ministry of Privatization [1995]. Analyzed enterprises are presented by the following group of projects. Capital privatization, direct foreign investment, joint stock companies awaiting privatization, and other methods of privatization are connected with the special program designed for firms with bad financial standing. 相似文献
7.
财政平衡能力与地方经济的民营化--对三市六县的调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
赖海榕 《经济社会体制比较》2005,(1):40-48
本文作者调查了江苏省、四川省、及山西省的三市六县经济体制改革的进程,发现改革进程的地区间差异是预算约束硬化程度的地区间差异造成的,在谈判能力较弱的地区,预算约束硬化会较早到来,其程度也更强,改革实施的就更早,进程也更快;在谈判能力较强的地区,预算约束硬化较晚到来,其程度也更轻,改革实施的就较晚,进程也更缓慢。而体制内谈判能力具有地区差异,是中国体制的鲜明特点,所以中国过去的改革进程呈现出地区不平衡的特点,这种特点还将继续下去。 相似文献
8.
9.
Shuai Niu 《Journal of Economics》2015,116(2):151-163
10.
中国的经济体制改革形成了一个竞争性市场,在这个竞争性市场上,民营企业具有较国有企业更高的效率,那么,在实践中民营化改革何以依旧争议不断,阻碍重重?改革是一个利益博弈过程,处理好各利益相关者的利益关系是改革成败的关键。从直观上看,只要效率提高了,就可以实现对利益受损者进行补偿,使各利益相关者都能从中受益,共同利益空间越大,改革的阻力就越小。但是,帕累托改进要求原企业经营者和职工得到完全补偿,这抬高了新所有者收购价格的下限,而政府的多重目标又使改制的利益空间收缩。文章从补偿和政府职能目标对改制的利益空间产生影响这一角度,来分析民营化的障碍,指出补偿要求和多重政府职能会影响改制的利益空间,从而阻碍了国企民营化的顺利推进。 相似文献
11.
全体人民是民有资源、民有组织和民有资产的所有者,而全体集体则是集体资源、集体组织和集体资产的所有者。因此,对是否需要对民有资源、民有组织和民有资产进行私有化的决定权在于全体人民。同样,是否需要对集体资源、集体组织和集体资产进行私有化的决定权在于全体集体。同时,人民还具有私有化的实施权、监督权、评价权和控诉权。而作为代理人的公有资源、公有组织和公有资产的管理者对公有资源、公有组织和公有资产做出的私有化行为都是剥夺人民的所有者权利的非法行为。 相似文献
12.
公用事业民营化与政府规制 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文以H市Y区管道燃气民营化为个案,分析了我国公用事业民营化过程中政府规制的需要。通过分析表明,公用事业民营化并不意味着不需要政府规制,而是要根据公用事业的自然垄断特性,调整政府规制的范围和内容。并且,政府规制框架的确立应该尽可能先于公用事业民营化的实践。这对处于起步阶段的我国公用事业民营化将有所裨益。 相似文献
13.
Guido Friebel 《Economics of Transition》2000,8(1):37-57
The paper analyses the implementation of voucher privatization in Russia in the framework of incentive theory. The central government needs the support of local privatization agencies. These agencies possess private knowledge concerning: a) their personal reform attitude; b) local privatization conditions. According to the trade-off between rent extraction and efficiency, the speed of privatization (the efficiency goal) is constrained by the informational rents that the government must pay to local agents. Through voucher privatization, the government learns about local privatization conditions. Surprisingly, this additional information does not necessarily lead to more privatization. In fact, the government may even slow down reforms in order to save on bureaucrats' rents. This result of the model matches with the facts of Russian privatization in the period 1992–93. 相似文献
14.
8月21日,由中国企业联合会和中国企业家协会评选的“2005年中国企业500强”在天津发布,同时发布的还有“2005中国制造业企业500强”和“2005中国服务业企业500强”名单。从总体上看,这个由各地企业联合会推荐、各企业自主报名参加评选、评选指标完全与《财富》500强一致的排行榜,基本上延续了前几届评选的特点,但排名上的一些细小变化以及它与前不久由美国《财富》杂志评选的“2005年世界企业500强”在各个方面的差距也是值得我们深思的。中国500强:竞争激烈实力提升此次的排行榜与往年相比,进入500强行列的企业有着不小的变化,约有110家左… 相似文献
15.
Donald J. Rousslang 《Applied economics》2013,45(7):925-934
This paper provides estimates of the amount of income shifted across national borders within the manufacturing operations of US multinational corporations (MNCs) in 1988. It is assumed that each MNC arranges its investments such that, after accounting for income shifting opportunities, the after-tax rate of return on a marginal investment is the same for all its affiliates, regardless of location. The income shifting is then inferred by comparing shares of after-tax profits, assets and sales of the affiliated members. It is estimated that such shifting amounted to about $8 billion (on net), which is less than 4% of the worldwide taxable income of the manufacturing MNCs. 相似文献
16.
在世界范围内的民营化浪潮中,长期作为公用事业的供水服务也出现民营化趋势,并在很多国家取得成功实践。产权、竞争和规制的共同作用才能保证供水服务民营化改革取得良好绩效。为解决中国供水部门的低效和融资瓶颈,也必须加快供水服务的民营化进程。 相似文献
17.
18.
Partial Privatization in a Differentiated Mixed Oligopoly 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kenji Fujiwara 《Journal of Economics》2007,92(1):51-65
A model of differentiated mixed oligopoly is developed to systematically discuss the welfare consequences of partial privatization of a public firm. We analytically derive the optimal degree of partial privatization not only in the short
run with restricted entry but also in the long run with free entry. It is shown that the short-run optimal policy is non-monotonic
in the degree of love of variety, while the optimal degree of privatization is monotonically increasing in the consumer's
preference for variety in the long run.
相似文献
19.
In an effort to reduce operating deficits, increase productivity, and improve the quality of services, the public transit sector has been moving away from public ownership and operation and towards a franchising arrangement whereby a local government authorizes a private firm to manage and operate the city's public transit system. Profit maximization considerations imply that private managers have stronger incentives for cost efficiency. One such example is the city of Indianapolis which began privatization efforts in its transit operations in 1996. Based upon monthly data from January 1991 through March 1997, this study examines the effect of privatization on the city's cost of providing mass transit. The primary implication of the study is that Indianapolis has experienced an annual 2.5% reduction in operating costs since privatizing the management of its public transit system. 相似文献
20.
We consider a government that wishes to choose the optimal time path of privatization. The government is concerned with maximizing output over some specified period while taking into account (1) the level of unemployment that will be attained as the end of that period, (2) the improvement in labor productivity of workers in the nationalized enterprises as a consequence of growing competition from privatized firms, and (3) the reemployment rate of the redundant workers displaced as their firms become privatized. We present a model exhibiting these features and derive the optimal policy that characterizes the rate of privatization within the period. When all of the elements noted above are present, we show it is never optimal to privatize instantaneously. We also show the relationship of the optimal rate of transition to the underlying objectives of the government. J. Comp. Econom., December 1993, 17(4), pp. 715-736. Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, New York 10012. 相似文献