Do migrants get stuck in the informal sector? Findings from a household survey in four Indonesian cities

This article compares labour-market outcomes for individuals in migrant and non-migrant households in Indonesia. It introduces two new work-status groups – small-business operators and formal-casual or contract employees – in an effort to transcend the usual formal–informal distinction. We find that long-term migrants (LTMs) tend to gravitate to the small-business sector and to jobs with regular wages, whereas recent and very recent migrants are more likely to work in the informal sector. Our findings on the labour-market outcomes of successive generations of migrants are less conclusive. While a larger proportion of LTM children than that of their parents work in the formal sector, the children of migrant heads of households are less likely than those of non-migrants to find formal-sector jobs. We also find that distortionary labour-market regulations appear to diminish the overall benefits of migration.     

加大农村人力资本投资 缩小城乡差距

缩小城乡差距,实现城乡统筹发展是我国新农村以及和谐社会建设的一项重要任务。人力资本差距是城乡差距的最根本原因。文章从人力资本投资的视角描述了城乡差距的客观事实,并在此基础上给出了缩小差距的政策改革建议。     

中国城乡关系演变60年:回顾与展望

新中国成立60年来,城乡关系经历了深刻变迁,城乡关系得到了很大程度的改善。当前,中国农业基础地位尚不稳固,缩小城乡居民收入差距任务艰巨,缩小城乡社会公共事业差距任重道远,城乡分割的二元结构尚未破除。加快建立平等和谐的城乡关系,需解决好农民土地权益如何有效保护、农业基础地位如何强化、信贷资金如何配置、农村富余劳动力如何转移、县域经济和小城镇如何发展壮大、新型农民如何培育等问题。     

城乡统筹发展前提下人力资本与人均收入的关系

以2000年、2005年的统计资料为样本,对城乡人力资本与人均收入关系的研究表明,人力资本因素对居民收入的影响力不断增强。东部地区农村人力资本的存量和收入都高于西部地区.但地区间人力资本差距与城乡收入差距没有显著相关性,这与人力资本关于收入分配理论相悖,而这种背离是由于制度的不合理造成的。因此,要进行制度创新,从制度设计上确立人力资本的地位,强化对农村人力资本投资尤其是对西部农村地区的支持力度。