浅析利润质量的影响因素和提升方法

利润质量的高低对企业的生存、发展十分重要,利润信息的使用者有必要对利润质量的高低进行研究。本文分析了影响利润质量的因素、判断标准,并总结了提高利润质量的方法。     

公司会计利润质量的研究与实践

作为反映企业经营成果的指标,会计利润在一定程度上体现了企业的盈利能力,同时也是盛前我国对企业经营者进行业绩考评的重要依据.本文首先概述了会计利润及利润质量的涵义,分析了影响会计利润质量的的几大因素,提出了改善利润质量的环境、大力提高利润质量的措施.     

新准则下现代企业利润质量探讨

利润质量是一个企业财务分析的重要内容,新企业会计准则在利润的确认与计量方面发生了很大的变化,这些变化直接影响了利润质量的分析。对新企业会计准则下利润质量进行分析,并设计评价指标体系。     

企业利润质量分析方法探析——以东阿阿胶为例

利润作为企业的生存目的,一直受到与企业相关的各利益群体的重视,但是目前企业界仍旧主要关注企业利润的金额,而忽视了对企业利润质量的关注。本文便主要站在企业利润质量的视角,选择近些年频繁提价的山东东阿阿胶股份有限公司作为案例,从利润的构成、真实性、变现性及成长性四个方面对企业利润质量进行分析,以期给读者呈现一个清晰的企业利润质量分析框架。     

基于自组织数据挖掘的利润结构盈余质量分析

本文利用自组织数据挖掘(GMDH)方法,建立了一个由新准则下利润构成项目组成的盈余质量分析模型,说明了不同利润构成项目对盈余质量的影响,为利用利润结构分析法分析盈余质量提供了依据。     

现代企业利润质量分析与探讨

近年来,"会计造假"事件不断发生,现代企业利润数据对其真实状况不能够很好的反映,利润质量成为当前会计理论界以及全社会共同关注和讨论的一个重要话题。本文归纳总结了现代企业利润质量的内涵及其特征,分析了其影响因素,并就如何提高现代企业利润质量提出了建议。     

上市公司利润质量评价指标体系研究

本文从上市公司利润质量的概念出发,指出了对上市公司利润质量做出探讨的重要性。提出由现金流量分析上市公司利润质量及各种定量,定性评价指标,能够对上市公司生存发展、财务状况等做出较好的评价。     

基于利润结构的企业盈余质量分析

基于利润结构角度,在利润表的基础上,用利润结构分析法衡量盈余质量,并选取营业利润比率、与非经常性业务有关的指标以及核心盈余比例三类财务指标进行具体分析,形成了系统的利润结构分析法衡量盈余质量。     

会计利润与应税利润差异的影响因素分析

近些年来,会计利润与应税利润差异在企业间普遍存在并呈不断扩大趋势。企业较高的会计利润与应税利润差异,预示着较低的会计盈余质量,损害了会计信息的有效性。本文从上市公司保持经营业绩持续增长和契约信息角度,并引入最终控制人类型,研究财务报告成本对会计利润与应税利润差异的影响。结果表明,企业较高的财务报告成本,会导致较大的会计利润与应税利润差异,会计信息质量更差。     

论上市公司利润质量综合评价

会计利润是上市公司在一定期间内经营成果的表现形式 ,同时也是评价其经营绩效的一个重要指标。投资者在作出理性投资决策时 ,通常要考虑上市公司对外公布的财务报告中有关会计利润及其派生出来的指标 ,如每股盈余、税后净利润等。然而 ,近几年会计信息失真现象已成为不争之事实 ,企业通过调节利润粉饰财务报告 ,导致会计利润质量不高 ,严重损害了财务报告需求者的经济利益。本文试就会计利润质量评价体系作一些理性探讨。一、影响利润质量的因素分析利润质量 ,是指利润的优略程度 ,通俗地讲就是利润的含金量。从狭义的角度讲 ,利润质量是会…     

High quality positioning and the success of reputable products

It has become almost a conventional wisdom that high quality is an essential route to high profits. In this article Evan Davis shows that the truth is likely to be more complicated. The large profits that accrue to high quality producers are usually rewarding some inimitable production skill, or are reflecting the faith that customers have in the reputation of the producer to deliver a quality product in a market where quality is hard to monitor. For producers that do not have special skills, or who have no easy means of acquiring a reputation, the benefits of high quality positioning may not be great.     

Price–quality relationship in the presence of asymmetric dynamic reference quality effects

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between price and reference quality and their combined effect on profits. An analytical modeling approach aimed at solving the optimal solution for the profit maximization problem under these conditions is developed, enabling the exact path of the optimal price and quality over time to be depicted. Based on separating the effects of price and reference quality on demand, this analysis also provides insight into the contribution of these two effects to the steady-state solution through elasticities. Our results show that a monotonic inverse relationship exists between price and quality, such that a steady-state level is obtained where the quality?Cprice ratio is lower when reference quality effects exist than when such effects do not exist. In other words, consumers obtain higher quality for a higher price but with a lower price per unit of quality. Overall, accounting for reference quality effects will increase a firm??s profits.     

Return on Quality Improvements in Search Engine Marketing

In search engine marketing, such as on Google, advertisements' ranking and prices paid per click result from generalized, second-price, sealed bid auctions that weight the submitted bids for each keyword by the quality of an advertisement. Conventional wisdom suggests that advertisers can only benefit from improving their advertisement's quality. With an empirical study, this article shows that quality improvements have complex effects whose returns are actually unclear: 5% of all quality improvements to an advertisement lead to higher prices (measured by price per click) per keyword, 100% to a higher number of clicks, 53% to higher costs for search engine marketing, and 37% to lower profits. Quality improvements lead to higher weighted bids, which only lower prices if they do not improve the ranking of the advertisement. Otherwise, better ranks likely lead to higher prices. A decomposition method can disentangle these effects and explain their effects on search engine marketing costs and profits. Finally, the results indicate that advertisers benefit if they lower their bids after improvements to advertising quality.     

天津滨海新区托盘标准化研究

本文提出了几点促进滨海新区托盘标准化的建议,使新区物流以较低的成本与国际物流相接轨,提高物流运作效率和服务质量,使企业真正能找到"第三利润源泉"。     

完全垄断市场下商品的质量与价格的比较

文章主要讨论的是企业专利后期产品质量的选择问题。文章分析表明,在给定企业原有产品品种质量不变的情况,如果企业再生产一种更高质量的产品,则企业可以增加其利润。但是,如果企业生产一种更低质量的产品,则并不能增加其利润。所以,如果企业多元化生产的是一种更低质量的产品,由于这不符合其利润最大化原则,所以它极有可能是为了垄断市场而进行的一种沉没成本投资,从而为其他厂商的进入设置进入壁垒。     

The Competitive Effects of Advertising in the US Automobile Industry, 1970‐94

Is advertising anticompetitive? One school of thought in industrial economics holds that advertising increases profits and reduces consumer welfare by creating spurious product differentiation and barriers to entry. Another school focuses on the informative character of advertising, claiming that advertising makes markets more competitive and reduces profits by supplying consumers with information about price and quality. We distinguish these views by examining the effect of advertising on competition in the US automobile industry. Our data include advertising, sales, profit, and market-share figures for General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler over a 25-year period from 1970 to 1994.We ask if advertising increases or decreases profitability, controlling for market structure and other factors affecting demand.Wefind that these firms cannot increase their profits above normal levels by increasing their advertising expenditures. This evidence supports the view that advertising serves primarily to transmit information, not to create entry barriers.     

A Note on the Desirability of Merger among Complements

This paper examines the effects of the merger of firms producing complementary components on the quality choice. We extend the model of Economides 1999 to considerably general situations about the quality function, utility function, and distribution function of consumers, and establish the results that a complementary merger provides products of higher quality, and achieves higher market coverage, higher profits and higher consumer surplus than independent ownership.     

网络组织的非对称性对利益分配的影响

影响利益分配的因素是很多的。其中研究最多的还是传统经济学中所提到的以资源要素投入比例来分配合作利益。然而，在网络组织环境中，相互之间的依赖性使得网络关系成为一种不可以被忽视的因素。这在非对称的网络组织中体现较为明显。因此，本文从网络组织的非对称性角度来研究利益分配问题。首先对需要分配的利益进行了度量；然后利用合作对策模型对利益进行分配；最后探讨了非对称性是如何影响利益分配的。     

Trends toward part-time employment: Ethical issues

This paper addresses the current trend of hiring part-time employees for United States businesses. This common practice is one that does not consider the best interests of the employee. I argue that, at the present time, many people, especially those who are poor, have no other choice than to accept these part-time positions. As a result, the quality of life of these workers and their family members suffers. Companies typically employ part-time workers in an effort to increase profits. I argue that this practice will only increase short-term profits, and hiring a large staff of part-time workers will actually decrease long-term profitability. Consequently, this unethical practice is also an unprofitable one.Julia J. Bartkowiak is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Clarion University of Pennsylvania. Recently, she presented a paper on part-time employment at Humboldt University, participated in an NEH Seminar on Human Rights, and presented a paper in Zurich, Switzerland.     

金融危机背景下贸易保护政策有效性检验——基于人工神经网络的系统仿真视角

国际金融危机愈演愈烈,贸易保护主义暗潮涌动,政府当何去何从?文章在人工神经网络和系统仿真技术支持下模拟出双寡头企业的市场演化,从多个视角对两大传统贸易保护政策工具——关税和配额的经济效应进行了检验。结果表明:随着进口限制越发严格,进口商品和国货价格同时上升,消费者剩余明显下降,国内产业利润有所提高,国外利润显著减少,世界总福利因此大幅下降,但伴随国内外产品质量趋同,进口限制对世界总福利的损害有所降低。另外,当国货质量较低时,国内总福利随配额的减少而降低;当国货质量较高时,国内总福利随配额的减少而提高。