产权、市场结构与国有银行改革文献综述

本文对关于国有银行改革的研究文献进行综述.国内外的学者对国有银行的研究多数基于产权、市场结构分析效率的高低,效率的决定因素,改革措施和改革效果等方面.对这些文献进行梳理,有助于借鉴其他国家国有银行改革的成功经验,找出我国国有银行改革存在的不足.这对于继续深化我国国有银行改革将具有重要意义.     

国有商业银行股份制改革的目标是什么

目前,关于国有银行股份制改革的讨论,主要集中在股份制的方案设计等技术层面.笔者认为,国有银行股份制改革的关键在于制度层面的问题,或者说,首先必须在指导思想上明确国有银行改革的目标是什么.     

国有银行上市:一场艰难的手术

国有银行股份制改革是我国金融体制改革的重大举措,国有银行上市不仅具有重大的现实意义,而且具有深远的历史意义.本文从分析国有银行劣势的角度,对国有银行的上市选择进行了展望.     

市场结构、治理结构与国有银行改革——两种国有银行改革思路的检讨和进一步改革的方向

针对我国银行业的改革,理论界提出了两种思路市场结构的改革和治理结构的改革.市场结构改革思路认为我国银行业的主要问题在于市场结构过于集中,国有银行垄断了银行业.本文通过分析得到了银行集中不会导致垄断,不会削弱竞争,反而有利于银行效率提高的结论.治理结构改革思路主张改革国有银行内部的治理结构,对国有银行进行国有控股的股份制改造.国有控股的股份制改造可以改善国有银行的治理,但不能形成最终有效的治理结构.进一步改革的方向是在股份制改造基础上,国有股退出.     

中国国有银行改革的渐进逻辑

本文旨在从多角度探寻中国国有银行改革的内在逻辑,以寻找更切实可行的改革策略。文章主要观点有三:第一,制度变迁具有内在渐进性的逻辑,国有银行改革作为一种制度变迁也必然遵循这一基本逻辑;第二,转轨经济下国有银行并非完全缺乏效率,这使得国有银行改革事实上并非像一些人所想像的那么急迫;第三,国有银行改革的关键是提高自生能力,而这恰恰需要时间。本文的结论是中国国有银行改革有其内在的渐进逻辑,期望通过一次“震荡性”疗法来完成商业化改革注定会无功而返。     

银行产业组织演变趋势与国有银行改革的路径选择

主要市场经济国家银行业出现的集中和规模扩张演变趋势对我国国有银行改革具有重要的启示.中国银行业改革的核心是银行产业组织效率的提升,国有银行体制转轨的路径选择应该是股权多元化的产权结构改革和放开行业管制的市场结构改革并重的综合改革.当前银行业应该全面对内资(特别是民间投资者)开放,对外资的开放须循序渐进.     

国有银行改革背景下的国有企业政策性破产问题思考

政策性破产作为国有企业破产退出的重要方式,曾经发挥独特的作用,但在国有银行改革背景下,政策性破产已经不适应新时期的要求,并阻碍国有银行改革乃至国有企业改革的深化,有必要予以修正,为此,笔者结合国有银行改革的背景,对政策性破产进行研究,并有针对性地提出建议.     

关于国有银行上市的争议

要不要上市 利大于弊说:上市可以为国有银行带来以下好处:1.有利于建立国有银行充实资本的正常渠道和机制,提高资本充足率,改善资本结构.2.有利于产权改革,政银分离,改善国有银行的治理结构.3.有利于建立国有银行的激励机制.     

公司治理机制建设是国有银行改革的核心

国有银行改革的目标模式已被确立为两大主线:形成多元化的产权制度,建立良好的公司治理机制.关于国有银行的产权改革,技术性障碍太大,近期难有进展,公司治理机制建设成为当前国有银行改革的核心.公司治理事实上是为公司"立宪",CEO或行长只能在既定的权利、责任框架内行事,改变的只是业务战略和人力配置,而不能一任行长一套制度.     

推进国有银行商业化改革的思考

一、国有银行商业化改革面临的主要困难国有银行随着改革的不断深化,从以放权搞活、财务包干、承包经营为主要内容的企业化改革发展到强化一级法人制度的商业化改革,促进了备项业务的全面发展和经营实力的不断增强。但长期以来,我国单一化的融资渠道始终没有根本改变,银行尤其是国有银行仍起着社会融资主渠道的作用,社会经济生活中的诸多矛盾不断集中到国有银行并累积下来,影响了国有银行商业化改革的进展。（一）国有银行自身推进商业化改革的能力明显不足。首先,国有银行的商业化改革从１９９２年开始至今已７年了,但企业化改革中…     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.