基于数据包络分析的甘肃省旅游效率的分析

城市旅游发展的目标是追求更高的资源利用效率,旅游效率的测度对旅游资源的开发和投入具有重要意义。文章运用数据包络分析法,以甘肃省12个地级市为决策单元,对甘肃省12个地级市的旅游效率和甘肃省1995—2014年旅游产业的总效率变化值进行了分析与评价。结果显示:甘肃省区域旅游效率差异明显,旅游效率总体发展趋势存在波动性,发展势态良好。但受国家重大事件和经济政策的导向性影响大,相比较而言在旅游产业的技术投入和技术创新上还处于较低的水平。根据分析结果,提出应该加强技术创新、组织创新和生产创新,增加资源的投入量等方式来提高旅游业的技术效率和规模效率,以促进甘肃旅游业的健康发展。     

区域城市旅游效率的空间特征及溢出效应分析——以长三角为例

基于2004-2010年长三角25座旅游联盟城市旅游业投入产出数据,采用修正DEA模型测算了城市旅游效率,并运用ESDA-GIS和空间计量模型对旅游效率的空间特征与溢出效应进行了研究.结果表明:①长三角城市旅游总效率呈现提升态势,源于规模效率的不断增强;②总效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均存在较强的空间集聚性,总效率和纯技术效率的热点区呈现以上海为中心的圈层空间结构,冷点区向赣北、皖南集聚.规模效率的热点区位于赣北、皖南地区,冷点区集中在上海周围;③城市旅游效率存在空间溢出效应和空间依赖性,固定资产和劳动力投入是旅游效率的主要正向影响因子.通过深化区域旅游合作、整合旅游产业链和优化投入要素比例等可有效推动长三 角旅游业持续健康发展.     

广东省城市旅游效率评价与区域差异研究

采用DEA方法,以广东省21市为研究对象,从《广东旅游年鉴》中选取相关指标,利用2008—2010年旅游行业的面板数据,对旅游效率进行评价,并分析其在珠三角、粤东、粤西和粤北四个地区的差异。研究发现,广东省城市旅游总效率、技术效率和规模效率均较高;各市之间、各地区之间的总效率和技术效率差距较大,规模效率差距较小,且各类效率的差距均有缩小的趋势。其次,近40%的城市处于规模收益不变的阶段,这些城市多位于珠三角地区。最后,根据旅游效率的大小和增速,可以将城市划分为草根型、新秀型、明星型和贵族型四类。相关部门和企业可以根据这些特征和规律,对旅游资源要素的投入规模和各项技术的利用水平进行相应调整。     

城市效率与城市规模关系的实证分析——基于2001～2009年我国城市面板数据

综合应用传统DEA模型、超效率DEA模型、Malmquist生产率指数模型和面板数据估计模型,对2001～2009年间中国152座不同规模城市的投入产出效率进行比较研究,并探讨了城市效率与城市规模的关系以及不同城市规模的城市效率影响因素差异。研究结果显示:目前中国城市的综合效率与城市规模呈正相关关系;城市规模效率随城市规模的扩大大体呈倒U型变化;特大城市的规模效率偏低,相对于产出水平,要素总投入显然过多;大型和中型城市的规模效率接近最优水平,但由于纯技术效率水平偏低,投入要素的利用水平不高,限制了城市综合效率的提高。     

中国城市旅游竞争力动态分析

本文在构建指标体系的基础上,对2007、2009、2011年全国292个城市旅游竞争力进行比较分析,并利用DEA模型研究城市旅游发展阶段及效率变化。主要结论:2007—2011,我国城市旅游竞争力总体有所提高,市场收益是影响城市旅游竞争力的主要原因,不断有城市进入竞争力更强城市的梯队;虽然大部分城市旅游发展处于规模效率递增阶段,但有越来越多的城市进入规模效率递减状态,国内旅游经济日趋成熟;区域划分显著,旅游竞争力强、综合效率高的城市大部分位于东部地区,西部城市旅游竞争力弱,综合效率低。最后,针对不同城市的旅游发展现状,提出提高旅游竞争力的政策建议。     

1998-2003城市生产效率:基于包络技术的实证研究

本文利用包络技术估算我国1998-2003年216个城市的Malmquist生产力指数和规模报酬状态,对扩张时期城市生产效率进行实证研究.得出两个主要结论:一是我国城市全要素生产率显著改善,表明城市总体在良性轨迹上发展;二是我国部分大城市缺乏规模效率,投入-产出比例失衡;部分中小城市技术效率不足,要素使用效率低下.因此合理化要素配置和提高要素使用效率是我国城市未来发展的关键.     

我国省域旅游业效率测度及影响因素研究——基于SFA和空间Durbin模型分析

本文以固定资产投资和人力资本等为投入变量,利用2004—2010年数据和随机前沿方法测算了我国省域旅游产业效率,并基于空间Durbin模型分析了旅游产业效率影响因素。结果表明,我国省域旅游产业效率整体水平偏低,且存在区域差异性;区域产业结构和开放度对本地旅游产业效率具有积极影响,但对周边区域存在抑制效应;资源禀赋和区域知识基础对特定区域内旅游产业效率影响为负,但对周边区域旅游产业效率存在正向溢出效应。因此,提升区域旅游产业效率既需要优化直接投入资源的质量,也需要构建区域旅游创新体系,实现协同发展。     

中国城市酒店业效率的空间特征及优化对策

通过运用DEA模型,对中国城市尺度酒店业效率的空间特征以及优化对策进行了分析,研究表明:①中国城市酒店业综合效率总体处于一般水平,纯技术效率最优的城市多于综合效率最优和规模效率最优的城市,并且还揭示了纯技术效率是造成综合效率处于一般水平的主要影响因素。②从区域特征来看,中国城市酒店业综合效率呈现出"东部高于东北,东北高于西部,西部高于中部"的空间格局,从分类特征来看,高效率类型、低效率类型和中间两种类型呈现出"两头小,中间大"空间分布格局。③中国城市酒店业投入产出指标普遍存在投入冗余和产出不足的现象,并指出可以通过大力引进新的技术,提高从业人员的综合素质,调整要素投入结构和规模,提高要素的转化效率和推进资产重组等措施来综合提升中国城市酒店业的效率。     

2006—2013年杭州城市旅游全要素生产率格局及影响因素

从全要素生产率的视角探讨2006—2013年杭州旅游发展绩效及其空间格局的变化特征。研究发现,此间杭州市旅游全要素生产率总体上呈现波动且上升的趋势,上升了10.8%,上升的原因在于,这8年间杭州旅游的历年平均技术效率、技术变化和规模效率变化在大部分年份均显著改善;此间杭州旅游纯技术效率是下降的,但呈现向好发展的势头,下降的原因在于投入要素在使用上的效率未能实现优化。从空间格局上看,杭州旅游效率呈现了空间差异的特征,但是区域差异不大。进一步对杭州市旅游经济效率的影响因素进行剖析,发现产业结构、基础设施、对外开放程度、经济发展水平和服务业发展规模等因素对旅游经济效率均具有显著正向影响。文章最后讨论了研究结果赋予的政策涵义。     

中国地级及以上城市发展效率差异的DEA-ESDA测度

选取土地、资本、劳动、技术和通信等投入量作为输入指标,城市经济总量和地方财政收入输出指标,构建指标体系,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,并通过探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)技术对2000—2010年中国286个地级及以上城市发展效率及其空间差异变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:2010年中国地级及以上城市综合效率水平较低,只有少数城市达到了效率最优。城市效率呈现出与三大地带经济发展格局、城市行政等级和规模等级相一致的空间格局,综合性城市和专业型城市间的效率差异显著。城市发展效率存在较强的空间关联。10年间,中国城市效率呈现先降后升的演变态势,总体有所降低,大多数城市都处在规模收益递增阶段,规模投入不足是中国城市要素效率不高的主要原因。区位、资源禀赋、产业结构和政策因素是中国城市效率格局分布与演化的主要影响因素。     

Managed Futures for Long‐Term Investors: A DEA Ranking Analysis

This study proposes an alternative Data Envelopment Analysis ranking model to evaluate the relative performance efficiency of commodity‐trading advisors. I measure the performance efficiency using the decision‐making process quality/trading skills framework and depart from the traditional risk–return framework. The Data Envelopment Analysis rankings produced some interesting results. First, similarly to the previous studies, I successfully isolated two ‘superstar’ commodity‐trading advisors with the highest Sharpe ratios as the Grade A commodity‐trading advisors. However, as an improvement over the similar studies that used the traditional risk–return framework, I also isolated two commodity‐trading advisors with average and below‐average Sharpe ratios as Grade A commodity‐trading advisors.     

The impact of financial liberalization on bank efficiency: evidence from Latin America and Asia

This article investigates the impact of financial liberalization on bank efficiency, using data for a sample of over 4000 bank-year observations from ten emerging economies for the period 1991–2000. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate bank efficiency at the individual bank level. Bank efficiency measures are then aggregated at the country level to investigate the relationship between financial liberalization and bank efficiency, using a panel least square fixed-effects model. Overall, we find strong support for the positive impact of financial liberalization programmes on bank efficiency.     

Competition and efficiency in the MENA banking region: a non-structural DEA approach

The goal of this article is to empirically assess the relationship between competition and efficiency in the banking sector of Middle East and North African (MENA) countries spanning the period 1997–2011. To measure the level of competition, the article estimates the non-structural indicator known as the H-statistic, while the level of bank efficiency is estimated through the nonparametric methodology of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (BDEA), respectively. The empirical results are robust under six econometric methodologies, providing sufficient evidence for the presence of a one-way (negative) Granger causality, running from efficiency to competition. The empirical findings lead to the rejection of the ‘Efficient Structure Hypothesis’, implying that increases in competition do not precede increases in cost efficiency.     

Non Parametric Efficiency Measurement

Efficiency measurement using non parametric methods is increasing rapidly. One important initial step in measuring efficiency is deciding which software package to make use of. Here Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency packages are reviewed, including those which undertake Malmquist productivity analysis. While most packages are commercially available, the one which is not a commercial product has an obvious initial advantage.     

The efficiency of social public expenditure in European countries: a two-stage analysis

Do European countries differ in the efficiency of their welfare policies? And which factors can account for such variability? To address these questions, we perform a two-stage efficiency analysis. First, based on a composite output indicator for social protection expenditure, we measure efficiency by means of the Free Disposable Hull and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. Second, we perform an econometric analysis to identify the factors that can be associated to cross-country differences. We find that countries scoring higher efficiency have higher education and GDP levels, a smaller population size, a lower degree of selectivity of their welfare systems and a lower corruption level.     

Australian Banking Efficiency and Its Relation to Stock Returns

We used Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate cost efficiency of Australian banks in producing banking services and profit between 1995 and 2002. Empirical results indicate the major banks have improved their efficiency in producing banking services and profit, while the regional banks have experienced little change in the efficiency of producing banking services, and a decline in the efficiency of producing profit. An attempt is made to relate the changes in efficiency to stock returns. Results indicate that for our sample, changes in firm efficiency are reflected in stock returns.     

Farm household efficiency in Bangladesh: a comparison of stochastic frontier and DEA methods

This study compares estimates of technical efficiency obtained from the stochastic frontier approach and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach using farm-level survey data for rice farmers in Bangladesh. Technical inefficiency effects are modelled as a function of farm-specific socioeconomic factors, environmental factors and irrigation infrastructure. The results from both the approaches indicate that efficiency is significantly influenced by the factors measuring environmental degradation and irrigation infrastructure.     

The efficiency of the Spanish police service: an application of the multiactivity DEA model

In this paper the efficiency of the Spanish Police Service is analysed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The analysis concentrates on the police activities related to the solving of crimes. The theoretical and empirical study of the police production function under this dimension leads to a consideration of the units analysed as centres which carry out their activities with nonidentical technologies and using common inputs. Accordingly, the multiactivity DEA model developed by Mar Molinero (Journal of the Operational Research Society, 47, 1996, 1273-9) is applied, one that is designed to estimate the efficiency of institutions which face several production functions using shared inputs. The results demonstrate the important differences that exist between the centres with respect to the distinct activities analysed, both as regards the efficiency rates and the factors which determine them.     

中国烟草加工企业技术效率分析——基于参数方法与非参数方法的对比研究

针对中国烟草加工企业因规模扩张而出现的管理效率低下等问题,使用2000--2006年企业层面的截面数据,运用参数方法和非参数方法测算了中国烟草加工企业的技术效率,并对两种方法的测算结果进行了比较分析。结果表明：两种测算结果存在较高的相关性,测算结果比较可靠;2000--2006年中国烟草加工企业的平均技术效率为0．74～0．79,具有稳步上升趋势;行业整体规模效率较高,但规模报酬递减的企业所占的比重有所增大。     

Technical efficiency in the Chinese banking sector

This paper applies an innovative DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model, the Inverse B-convex model, in order to investigate the technical efficiency of a representative sample of Chinese banks. The banks are ranked according to their efficiency over the period 1998-2008. The results paint a mixed picture of the Chinese banks' performance. The influence of firm size and ownership on bank efficiency is not observed. However, the study shows that overall efficiency improved over time, especially after the entry of China into the WTO. Policy implications are derived.