专访上海傲旗工业设计有限公司总经理曹冠晖（2）：创新的设计理念来源于对市场的专注与专业

上一期,童车玩具设计专家曹冠晖总经理为我们分享了傲旗作为一个专业、专注且成功的童车玩具设计团队在整合设计资源、把控制造工艺、产品市场前景等方面的经验。此次曹冠晖将介绍企业文化、用人之道、成本控制。     

大震工业设计有限公司

关于我们佛山市大震工业设计有限公司是一家专门从事童车设计、研发的设计公司。本着"术业有专攻"的科学发展理念,将童车设计、研发作为专职设计涵盖儿童学步车、儿童三轮车、电瓶车、踏板车、滑板车、儿童自行车及各类趣味车,设计的产品销售到全球50多个国家和地区,且在国内随处可见,获得业界一致高度评价。     

自主创新打造核心竞争力,客户为先引领设计风潮——访佛山市大震工业设计公司总经理陈华胜

编前语:佛山市大震工业设计公司创立于2001年,是目前国内童车设计领域最优秀的代表之一,他们专注童车设计10余年,从公司成立至今,已为国内外企业成功设计开发过300多款全新产品,目前他们设计的产品销售到全球50多个国家和地区,备受业界的认可和推崇。本期的《专访报道》栏目将走进大震工业设计,对陈华胜总经理进行专访,以期为我们揭开其成功的秘诀。     

工业设计提升企业竞争力——汉川童车企业发展之路探析

在国际童车市场竞争激烈的情况下,汉川市童车产品能否在国际市场中具有竞争力,将首先取决于童车企业的设计开发能力。首先,汉川政府部门应该加强引导,建立新的创新机制并鼓励企业加强产品创新开发的投入。其次,各童车企业则要根据自身实际情况有的放矢的进行新产品开发,从而为汉川的童车企业探索出一条适合企业自身的设计创新之路。     

好孩子经典童车获中国优秀工业设计金奖

凭借着源源不绝的创意及创新能力,好孩子集团(五星级供应商)一款累计销售2000万辆经典设计童车A2009,从全国1451件作品中脱颖而出,夺得中国优秀工业设计奖金奖殊荣。"好孩子"儿童用品行业唯一获奖者中国优秀工业设计奖为我国首个经中央批准设立的工业设计领域最高国家政府奖项,旨在推动我国工业     

狼蚁设计：童车创新领导者——对话上海狼蚁工业设计有限公司刘堂和总经理

参加2014上海童车展之际，记者采访了童车设计创新领导者一一上海狼蚁工业设计有公司。狼蚁公司成立于2007年，总部位于中国上海大学城旁，是一家专业的儿童产品设计公司，公司拥有20多名酷爱设计的优秀人才，为全球制造企业提供产品设计及与设计相关的服务。下面是记者与刘总的对话：     

自主创新提升核心竞争力“群兴杯”全国首届童车设计大赛启动仪式在人民大会堂举行

面对国际金融危机的不断冲击，中央热切关注并鼓励企业“自主创新”。作为劳动密集型的玩具产业面临着金融危机带来的新挑战。如何提升企业的自主创新研发能力与国际竞争力，促进童车产品的升级换代，推动企业健康更快发展。3月25日，由教育部、广东群兴玩具实业有限公司联合主办、陕西科技大学承办的“群兴杯”全国首届童车设计大赛启动仪式在人民大会堂举行。     

2014中国童车产业迈入新征程——来自2014上海童车展的报道

上期，本刊针对2014年中国童车产业的发展趋势作了一个专题报道，指出中国童车行业将面临大挑战，竞争步入“深水区”。目前，童车产业所面对的消费市场已经发生深刻变化，而这些变化也推动童车产业不断转型升级，中国童车产业的竞争从早期的单纯“价格战”。逐渐过渡到品牌战、服务战和创新战，可以说童车业已经进入全方位的竞争阶段，在这样的形势下，企业只有努力提升品牌和创新力，健全服务体系，才能在激烈的市场竞争中存活下来。     

中国童车业发展的“冷思考”

近些年,随着童车市场的迅速发展,全球童车消费量超过1000亿人民币,仅从中国国内来看,这些年持续的婴儿潮及消费能力的稳步提升,使得国内的童车市场异常火爆。在这样的大背景下,全国以“四大童车产业板块”为主的童车制造企业如雨后春笋般涌现,一时间各地的童车产业纷纷上马,形成童车市场逐鹿中原的格局。     

绿色设计在工业产品设计中的应用

随着人类生存环境的不断恶化,资源可持续发展的重要性逐渐被人们所认识,引发了绿色设计和人性化设计等设计思潮。从3个方面对绿色设计在工业设计中的应用进行了认识分析,指出绿色设计融入工业设计是工业设计发展的必然趋势,它会使工业设计更加符合人类消费心理的需求,符合社会发展的需求,使工业设计理论更为科学实用。     

Potential competition and the factors influencing banking concentration

Multiple regression analysis is used to study the factors influencing market concentration in urban banking markets. The results indicate that independentde novo entry and shifts in population from the central city to the suburbs can be important deconcentrating factors in urban banking markets. In terms of the potential competition doctrine, the results suggest that attractive banking markets are likely to attract enough actual and potential entrants to mitigate any problems associated with a leading bank acquisition by a potential entrant. On the other hand, potential competition is more likely to be an issue in less attractive banking markets where the probability of entry is low.     

Crossownership and media concentration

This paper investigates whether media concentration permits newspaper and group owners of television stations to charge higher advertising rates than other types of owners. The prior studies that have looked at this issue have had to rely on questionable data. This study focuses on more accurate data, i.e. selling prices. It is argued that the potential for higher advertising rates could cause newspaper and group owners to pay higher prices for television stations than other types of buyers. An empirical analysis was made of sales of television stations between 1960 and 1969. The results tend to show that newspaper owners were willing to pay higher prices. A second analysis was done to determine whether the higher prices were due to market power or economies of scale. The results tend to show that the higher prices were probably due to the market power possessed by newspaper owned stations, some of which spills over to the other stations in the market.     

Metasearch and market concentration

Competing intermediaries search on behalf of consumers among a large number of horizontally differentiated sellers. Consumers either pick the best deal offered by an intermediary, or compare the intermediaries. A higher number of intermediaries has the direct effect of decreasing their search effort. Hence, if an exogenous share of consumers do not compare, more competition hurts them. More competition however also increases the incentives for consumers to compare. A higher share of informed consumers in turn increases the search effort of intermediaries. If consumers are ex-ante identical and rationally choose whether to become informed, the total effect of a higher number of intermediaries is to make each of them (weakly) choosier. Moreover, it always decreases the price offered by sellers. Allowing intermediaries to bias their advice by making sponsored links prominent has a similar effect of making all consumers better off in expectation.     

公路企业资金集中管理模式的构建

某高速公路企业是一家特大型国有独资企业,以高速公路建设经营为主。目前企业资金管理处于相对松散状态,使用效率较低,存款与银行贷款双高现象突出,资金管理能力不足已经成为企业发展的一项制约因素。本文从资金集中管理的相关理论出发,通过深入分析其资金管理现状,构建了企业的资金集中管理模式,提出了分步实施的具体思路,对实施中可能出现的问题进行分析,有针对性地提出了应对措施。     

Testing the interaction between concentration and barriers to entry

Various functional forms are employed to examine the independent and interactive effects of seller concentration and entry conditions on profitability. Significant interactive effects appear. There is also some evidence of a critical concentration ratio, which affects the slope of the concentration-profitability relationship.     

Measuring the interrelationships between concentration and price cost margins

The interrelationship between concentration (CR) and price cost margins (PCMs) are measured to test whether changes in structure (as measured by CR) occur prior to changes in performance (as measured by PCMs), or whether changes in PCMs occur prior to changes in CRs. The former relationship is consistent with the market power “doctrine,” while the latter is consistent with the “interventionist” view of the monopoly problem. A sample of 41 four-digit SICs having relevant product markets and consistent concentration ratios were collected for the intercensus periods from 1947–1977. Two generalized least square models were estimated, each containing a lead, concurrent and lagged independent variable for two functional forms: CRs as a function of: PCMs and PCMs as a function of CRs. The introduction of the lead variable in both functional forms or equations to the corresponding unrestricted model added significantly to explaining variations in the dependent variables. This result implied that a bidirection relationship existed between concentration and profits and that both the price elevation and cost reduction hypothesis have wilidity. This same time series approach could be applied to individual industrles or a dominnt firm within a industry. If a single hypothesia beat deacribed the firm’s altructure and performunce, evidence used in anlltrual euforcement could be simplified considerably.     

Price uncertainty and output concentration

This paper conducts an empirical investigation to assess the impact of price uncertainty on industry output concentration. Results show that greater price uncertainty leads to greater output concentration; the result is robust to controls for technological factors, barriers to entry effects and other industry controls. The empirical results are consistent with theory which shows that depending on firms attitudes towards risk, output concentration is likely to be endogenous to price uncertainty. Our empirical finding suggests that examining the magnitude of uncertainty could be a useful additional criteria in antitrust policymaking.     

Industrial concentration and fringe benefits

This paper uses a major micro data set to examine the association between market structure and the provision of fringe benefits. By focusing on the probability of fringe benefit provision and by using individual data, this study departs from those which precede it. The analysis reveals that industrial concentration is an independent correlate with a large variety of fringe benefits, a finding which contrasts with earlier conclusions.     

Some reflections on the theory and application of concentration indices

Focusing attention on the choice amongst concentration indices which are weighted averages of market shares, this paper derives a meaningful interpretation of those weights for both homogeneous and heterogeneous goods industries. An explicit model allowing for measurement errors and the incomplete information is developed to allow empirical estimation of these weights under data constrained circumstances, and is applied to a particular sample.     

Political hazards and firms' geographic concentration

Research summary : We examine the relationship between the geographic concentration of a firm's sales and the firm's vulnerability to expropriation hazards. Although expanding outside the home location can initially increase a firm's exposure to government expropriation, we find that this effect reverses when a firm's sales outside its home location have reached a point at which it has sufficient resources to better influence government actions and to pose a credible threat to exit the market in which it is being targeted. We supplement this main result by identifying two moderating factors: the firm's level of political capital and the effectiveness of institutional constraints on government behavior. We find support for these hypotheses from survey data on privately owned enterprises in China. Managerial summary : This research advises firm managers that certain market activities might knock their firms' economic interests out of alignment with the government's political interests, and thus, influence the political hazards they face, particularly in emerging markets such as China, which has attracted strong interest of many firms with respect to entering the market. Here, all else being equal, the firms' geographic concentration exposes them to different levels of state expropriation—but not in a simple linear fashion as suggested by the conventional wisdom of local protectionism or that of the bargaining advantage generated by the threat of relocation: Those who are “stuck in the middle” ended up paying twice or even three times as much unauthorized levies as the purely local or the most expansive firms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.