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1.
Peter Paul Klein Richard van Kleef Josefa Henriquez Francesco Paolucci 《The Journal of risk and insurance》2023,90(1):59-91
Many regulated health insurance markets include risk adjustment (aka risk equalization) to mitigate selection incentives for insurers. Empirical studies on the design and evaluation of risk-adjustment algorithms typically focus on mandatory health insurance schemes. This paper considers risk adjustment in the context of voluntary health insurance, as found in Chile, Ireland, and Australia. In addition to the challenge of mitigating selection by insurers, regulators of these voluntary schemes have to deal with selection by consumers in and out of the market. A strategy for mitigating selection by consumers is to apply some form of risk rating. Our paper shows how risk adjustment and risk rating interact: (1) risk rating reduces the need for risk adjustment and (2) risk adjustment reduces premium variation across rating factors, thereby increasing incentives for consumers to select in and out of the market. 相似文献
2.
民以食为天:关于农业保险研究的一个文献综述 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文对有关农业保险的中外历史文献进行了全面回顾,并在此基础上评估和回答了可能会影响中国农业保险试验的若干问题:第一,为什么会有农业保险?第二,农业保险市场为什么会失灵?为什么各国政府都对农业保险大加补贴?而农民对待农业保险又会有怎样的反应?第三,既然农业保险产品设计的核心问题是费率厘定,那么有关此项的研究有哪些进展?第四,中国政府在发展农业保险的过程中,尤其需要注意哪些事项?本文的目的在于,提醒各级政府部门要积极参与农业保险试点,认真解决试点过程中发现的各种问题,立足长远,真正建立起农业保险这个褔惠三农的风险保障机制。 相似文献
3.
Jean Hindriks 《The GENEVA Papers on Risk and Insurance - Theory》2001,26(3):225-241
This paper analyzes the political support for public insurance in the presence of a private insurance alternative. The public insurance is compulsory and offers a uniform insurance policy. The private insurance is voluntary and can offer different insurance policies. Adopting Yaari's [Econometrica, 55, 95–115, 1987] dual theory to expected utility (i.e., risk aversion without diminishing marginal utility of income), we show that adverse selection on the private insurance market may lead a majority of individuals to prefer public insurance over private insurance, even if the median risk is below the average risk (so that the median actually subsidizes high-risk individuals). We also show that risk aversion makes public insurance more attractive and that the dual theory is less favourable to a mixed insurance system than the expected utility framework. Lastly, we demonstrate how the use of genetic tests may threaten the political viability of public insurance. 相似文献
4.
Jeffrey M. Lacker John A. Weinberg 《The GENEVA Papers on Risk and Insurance - Theory》1999,24(1):5-17
We reexamine the canonical adverse selection insurance economy first studied by Rothschild and Stiglitz [1976]. We define blocking in a way that takes private information into account and define a coalition-proof correspondence as a mapping from coalitions to allocations with the property that allocations are in the correspondence, if and only if, they are not blocked by any other allocations in the correspondence for any subcoalition. We prove that the Miyazaki allocation—the Pareto-optimal allocation (possibly cross-subsidized) most preferred by low-risk agents—is coalition-proof. 相似文献
5.
我国商业医疗保险中的道德风险及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
医疗行为的信息不对称以及疾病的客观性、严重性、复杂性、多样性等本质特征导致医疗保险成为道德风险发生频率最高、造成损失最大、又最难以有效规避风险的险种。道德风险是医疗保险市场失灵的重要表现。本文通过分析我国医疗保险市场逆选择和事后道德风险的不同形成原因,以期探讨有效的风险控制方法,从而降低商业医疗保险的经营风险,为促进其合理发展并最终满足居民更全面的健康需求提供帮助。 相似文献
6.
C. Gourieroux 《The GENEVA Papers on Risk and Insurance - Theory》1999,24(2):119-137
We present in this article some questions related to risk classification. These are discussed depending on the information used—either data on conditional characteristics or also including data on claim histories or on endogenous insurance demand by the agents. 相似文献
7.
随着社会经济的进步与发展,提供社会保险日益成为现代政府的重要任务,而信息不对称带来的逆向选择这一市场失灵问题是政府提供社会保险的主要经济依据之一。由此,近年来国际学术界涌现出一大批关于社会保险市场上逆向选择与公共政策干预问题的研究文献,在将理论与数据相结合以分析公共政策的福利影响方面出现了很多研究进展。本文就尝试对这一领域的研究进行总结与分析,为国内学术研究的开展与公共经济政策的设计提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
8.
Didier Richaudeau 《The GENEVA Papers on Risk and Insurance - Theory》1999,24(1):97-114
Insurance has for a long time been perceived as a way of transferring responsibility from insured agents to insurers and thus as potentially influencing insured agents' behavior. Two particular opportunistic behaviors have been analyzed. First, the theory of adverse selection predicts that high-risk agents are likely to demand more insurance than are low-risk agents. Second, the theory of moral hazard predicts that the wider the insurance coverage, the less agents will try to prevent accidents. Both theories thus conclude that agents who are totally insured should have a higher probability of accident than those with only partial insurance, ceteris paribus. Nevertheless, one of the aims of insurance rating systems is to control for these opportunistic behaviors. In this article, we use individual data to see if the French automobile insurance rating system has achieved this aim. We do this using a two-step maximum-likelihood method. First, we compute a probit model to estimate the probability of taking out comprehensive versus third-party insurance. We then calculate the generalized residual, which is included as an independent variable in a negative binomial model estimating the probability of having an accident. The coefficient of this variable is argued to represent adverse selection and ex-ante moral-hazard behavior. 相似文献
9.
论存款保险制度下的风险防范 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
存款保险制度是一种金融保障制度。建立存款保险制度有利于降低金融风险,防止挤兑发生及危机扩散。当个别银行出现流动性风险时,存款人因为有了相关的法律制度作保证,不再产生巨大的恐惧心理,能避免发生挤兑风潮。同时,建立存款保险制度有利于保护存款人的利益。在投保银行面临支付危机时提供救助,在投保银行破产倒闭时依法清偿存款人的存款,从而保护了存款人的利益。 相似文献
10.
在保险市场中,投保人比保险人更了解自己的风险状况,保险双方之间的这种信息不对称难以避免地会产生逆向选择问题,于是在保险人混同定价的情形下,低风险投保人要承受过高的费率而受损,高风险投保人因保险成本过低而削弱控制风险的激励,导致整个市场资源配置低效甚至因逆向选择螺旋而崩溃。通过引入信号传递机制来实现保险市场的分离定价,从... 相似文献
11.
普惠型医疗保险发展:实践困境与优化方向 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,普惠型医疗保险成为多层次医疗保障体系发展的一大热点。文章首先介绍了中国普惠型医疗保险的发展现状及主要特点,其次通过对国内部分保险公司线上及线下调研,发现当前普惠型医疗保险发展面临配套法律法规有待健全、市场认可度普遍偏低、可持续经营能力不强、保险效果低水平重复、相关主体联动不足等困境。进一步分析美国、英国、德国、新加坡相关经验,提出具体的优化路径:以优化顶层设计为立足点,提高保险规制水平;以强化市场环境建设为切入点,提升市场认可度;以优化运行模式为突破点,激发保险生命力;以设计差异化产品为关键点,强化保险增补性;以建立联通机制为动力点,提高相关主体协同度。 相似文献
12.
Per-Johan Horgby 《The GENEVA Papers on Risk and Insurance - Theory》1998,23(1):63-82
Traditionally, policyholders in life insurance are classified in simple mortality tables, most often according to only a few risk characteristics. Instead of a risk classification according to the numerical rating system, this article describes how to classify by using a fuzzy inference methodology. By defining risk factors as fuzzy sets, it is shown that an insurer can utilize multiple prognostic factors that are imprecise and vague. The presented fuzzy risk classification provides a more realistic way of modeling mortality risks since it allows for compensations and interactions between multiple risk factors. 相似文献
13.
This study demonstrates that the basis of decision-making and risk selection in the London Political Risk Insurance (PRI) market is a combination of Art and Science with such factors as trust and reputation playing an important role. The study breaks new ground by uncovering and examining different methods and strategies of political risk underwriting employed in the insurance market, which does not rely on statistical tools as seen in more traditional insurance types. Adopting a grounded theory approach, the data was generated through 14 semi-structured and unstructured interviews conducted with PRI experts from five PRI companies and two leading political risk broking houses. The data also included documentation reviews and observations. 相似文献
14.
Salim Lahmiri 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2016,23(4):265-275
The aim of this paper is to compare several predictive models that combine features selection techniques with data mining classifiers in the context of credit risk assessment in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity statistics. The t‐statistic, Battacharrayia statistic, the area between the receiver operating characteristic, Wilcoxon statistic, relative entropy, and genetic algorithms were used for the features selection task. The selected features are used to train the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, backpropagation neural network, radial basis function neural network, linear discriminant analysis and naive Bayes classifier. Results from three datasets using a 10‐fold cross‐validation technique showed that the SVM provides the best accuracy under all features selections techniques adopted in the study for all three datasets. Therefore, the SVM is an attractive classifier to be used in real applications for bankruptcy prediction in corporate finance and financial risk management in financial institutions. In addition, we found that our best results are superior to earlier studies on the same datasets. 相似文献
15.
In this article we introduce the concept of excess volume durations,which are defined as the time until a given amount of buy orsell excess volume is traded on the market. Excess volume durationsindicate the one-sided intensity of liquidity demand and characterizethe risk of a market maker with respect to asymmetric informationand inventory problems. By modeling excess volume durationsbased on BoxCox-type autoregressive conditional duration(ACD) models, it is shown that market microstructure variablesare predictors for the expected liquidity demand intensity.Moreover, the length of excess volume durations is found tobe positively correlated with the magnitude of the correspondingprice impact and thus the market depth. 相似文献
16.
游春 《上海金融学院学报》2010,(6):49-53
2006年上海试点的“严重药品不良反应综合保险”初探市场,未能实现药企蜂拥而至的期望局面,而是十分落寂地收场。药品不良反应保险救济机制一直未能实现,已成为我国医药业一大难题。本文通过对药品不良反应定义的分析,探析了我国建立药品不良反应保险救济机制的可行性,再结合近期的“严重药品不良反应综合保险”的失败经验,提出了完善救济制度、累积相关数据、建立鉴定委员会、政府补贴并强制购买等相关的政策与建议。 相似文献
17.
规范的股票市场具有筹措资金、优化资源配置、改善公司治理、价格发现及促进经济发展等重要功能,是国民经济的“晴雨表”。由于上市公司违规猖獗加之市场监管不力,中国股票市场成为造假圈钱、投机冒险、杀贫济富、权贵洗钱的场所。20年当中既没有成就一家世界级企业,也没有引发全民财富效应。相反,它浪费社会资源,将中产阶级打回原形,严重伤害民众参与改革的热情。 相似文献
18.
疫苗不良反应损害救济关系到国家免疫规划的成败和人民群众的切身利益。政府补偿、专门基金赔偿、相互保险公司及商业保险都可以成为疫苗不良反应的救济方式,但根据我国的实际情况,这些方式均存在一定的不足。结合机动车交通事故责任强制保险的经验,建立国家、疫苗生产经营企业、受种者个人共同分担,社会医疗保险、强制保险与商业保险相结合的疫苗不良反应损害救济机制是当然的路径选择。 相似文献
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20.
欧美网络保险的最新发展及对我国的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着互联网的兴起和快速发展,保险业正经历着一次重大变革。欧美国家的保险公司利用互联网等信息技术解决实际业务问题,为代理人、客户、潜在客户、合作伙伴提供各种服务,大幅降低了成本,并提高了业务效益、内部运营效率和合作有效性。本文主要分析了欧美网络保险的发展状况,并找出我国发展网络保险的差距。我国应该借鉴国外经验,结合国内有利环境,重点解决网络安全、风险控制和网上支付等技术瓶颈,全方位发展网络保险,以促进我国民族保险业的高效、快速发展,使之以全新的姿态积极参与国际保险市场的竞争。 相似文献