矿产资源市场权力不对称的影响分析

建立矿业权制度是我国矿产资源管理的一项重大改进,目的是通过矿产资源开发的市场化来明确矿产资源开发过程中的各种权益,提高资源探采效率,通过市场优化资源的配置,保证经济发展对资源的需求。但资源的特殊属性决定了矿业权市场化并不能解决在资源开发方面所存在的许多问题,只有政府的宏观管理职能及市场权力的合理分配才是解决资源开发问题的关键所在。     

Frontiers and sustainable economic development

Exploiting new resource “frontiers,” such as agricultural land and mineral reserves, is a fundamental feature of economic development in poor economies. Yet frontier-based development is symptomatic of a pattern of economy-wide resource exploitation in developing economies that: (a) generates little additional economic rents, and (b) what rents are generated are not being reinvested in other sectors. Such development is inherently unsustainable. The following paper explains this phenomenon, and provides evidence that long-run expansion of agricultural land and oil and natural gas proved reserves across poor economies is associated with lower levels of real income per capita. The paper proposes a frontier expansion hypothesis to explain why the structural economic dependence of these economies on frontier land expansion and resource exploitation is not conducive to sustained long-run growth. The key to sustainable economic development in poor economies will be improving the economic integration between frontier and other sectors of the economy, targeting policies to improved resource management in frontier areas and overcoming problems of corruption and rent-seeking in resource sectors.      

中国新疆与中亚五国区域经济合作研究

经济全球化和区域经济一体化是当今世界经济发展的两大主流.中国新疆与中亚五国的区域经济合作对国际政治、经济榕局都具有深远影响.两者经济合作既有地缘、资源、经济政治合作环境等优势,也有基础设施不配套、投资环境有待改善、政府服务不全面等问题.发展两者经济合作应建设运输网络、改善投资环境、促进产业结构升级、扩大双边人才交流等.     

论区域可持续发展的自然资源与环境观——以宁波为例

人口问题、资源问题、环境问题以及经济社会发展问题是当今世界人们日益关注的四大问题。如何寻求人口、资源、环境与经济的持续协调发展正成为各个国家和地区所关注的核心问题。本文侧重从区域可持续发展角度来分析自然资源和环境问题 ,并结合宁波市的区域可持续发展战略 ,提出相应对策。     

宏观税负、税收结构与区域经济非均衡发展

采用1996～2009年我国东、中、西部地区的样本数据,对宏观税负、税收结构与区域经济发展进行了研究。得到如下结论:区域宏观税负的不同是造成区域经济发展不均衡的一个主要因素;三大地区人均GDP水平对税收政策的结构性冲击存在显著不同的响应模式;流转税、所得税和资源税三大税种对区域经济增长的影响具有不同效应。     

自然资源丰裕度与中国区域经济增长——对“资源诅咒”假说的质疑

本文利用中国省际截面数据,通过构建联立方程模型,对中国区域经济层面是否存在"资源诅咒"现象进行了实证研究。计量结果显示:资源依赖度受资源丰裕度和制度质量的影响显著,具有内生性;在控制各地区的制度质量、区位变量等因素的影响后,资源丰裕度与区域经济发展并无显著相关性,因此,"资源诅咒"假说在中国区域经济层面是否成立仍然值得商榷。     

资源衰退型城市产业结构调整及空间结构优化研究--以宁夏石嘴山市为例

目前国内许多资源型工业城市因资源衰退而面临经济滑坡、产业转型、产业结构调整的难题。文章以宁夏石嘴山市为例,就其煤炭资源的深度开发、接替产业的选择构建、产业结构调整升级及经济与城市空间结构的优化作了初步的研究。     

资源约束与地区经济收敛——基于资源稀缺性与资源配置力的考察

本文从资源稀缺性出发,提出并运用资源配置力这一新的分析工具,对2003年以来中国所面临的经济增长、资源约束与区域经济变动状况作了分析。结果表明,市场供求关系变化导致资源稀缺的结构性变迁与地域性转移,使地区资源配置力与经济竞争力发展相应变动。东部沿海能源与矿产等资源短缺地区备受资源约束递增的压力;中西部尤其是能源与矿产等资源富集地区资源配置力与经济竞争力明显递增,从而出现地区经济收敛趋势。     

我国人力资源向人力资本转化的问题及对策分析

我国人力资源在数量上占有优势,但在质量上的现状却丝毫不容乐观。如何开发人力资源,变人力资源优势为人力资本优势,进而转变为经济社会发展优势,成为中国的各级政府、企业、专家学者及全社会关注的问题。     

企业社会责任与可持续发展

在全球化进程中,经济、社会、环境问题之间存在着一种强烈的互动性,企业不仅是区域经济的基本组织,也是区域社会的基本组织,更是一个可以直接贡献或破坏自己生存发展环境的一个重要角色。所以,企业不仅要追求自身的＂利润最大化＂,而且要为创造实现＂利润最大化＂的经济、社会和资源环境作出努力和贡献。     

Resource constraint,sustainable economic growth pattern and transformation of economic system in China

Over the past 20 years, China has made spectacular achievements in economic growth as well as in thetransformation of economic growth pattern. Industrial structure is being updated, and technology is playing a more andmore important role in economic development. The energy and resource consumption in many industries and enterprisesare reducing. However, we should realize that there are still many problems in changing the economic growth pattern,such as high input, high consumption, high discharge, inharmony, recycling difficulty, and low efficiency, which havegreatly impaired and restrict Chinese economic development. Therefore, the fundamental change of the economic growthpattern is inevitable. Based on the analysis on the status quo and the exploit of resources, this paper suggests that thetransformation from unsustainable to sustainable growth is the only choice in changing the economic growth pattern. Inaddition, the transformation should not completely rely on the fundamental effects of market mechanism. We should makefull use of the power of governments to speed up the transformation of economic system.     

资源诅咒传导机制的研究述评

资源诅咒是开发自然资源引起的一系列经济、社会问题的统称,比如经济增长缓慢、贸易保护、教育投资不足、物质资本积累下降、创新不足、不平等、寻租、腐败、体制不健全、内战等问题。因其明显的政策含义,资源诅咒传导机制成为研究的重点。本文以经济增长源泉为线索,区分经济学和政治学,从理论和实证两方面给出资源诅咒传导机制的全面说明,以帮助找出我国资源诅咒的关键因素,制定相应政策提高资源开发绩效。     

大庆市资源型产业结构转型对策研究

资源型城市的产业结构转型问题是困扰东北区城市经济经济持续发展的重要障碍。本文以我国最大的石油城市－大庆市为例,探讨了东北区资源型城市产业结构的特征、转型面临的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

北京市中水回用问题浅析

北京市是一个严重缺水的城市,水资源短缺已成为制约北京市社会经济发展的主要因素。北京市已敲响了水危机的警钟,为了缓解缺水现状,中水回用被提上日程。本文从北京市资源短缺、经济发展和环境改善三个方面论述了北京中水回用的必要性,并对中水回用过程中存在的问题进行分析,指出了北京市政府必须解决的中水回用中存在的问题,并提出了多种解决方案。     

创立中国特色人口资源环境经济学的设想

现有人口资源环境经济学学科建设存在着经济学学科性质不突出、学科一体化不够、学科体系不完善等问题。创立中国特色的人口资源环境经济学,必须认真研究和解决学科建设的难点与特点,提出研究对象与主线、目的与任务、指导思想与方法,设计该学科的框架结构与理论体系,为中国特色的人口资源环境经济学进行科学而准确的定位。     

水资源税费改革：国外实践与我国选择

随着全球水污染问题的日益严峻,作为环境保护与补偿恢复的经济手段之一,水资源税收制度对水资源综合利用和污染防治具有一定成效,获得许多国家的青睐。基于俄罗斯、荷兰和巴西三国的水资源税费实践与经验,分析我国水资源收费制度存在的问题及费改税的可行性,提出构建我国水资源税收制度的设想。     

Monitoring as a partially observable decision problem

Monitoring is an important and costly activity in resource management problems such as containing invasive species, protecting endangered species, preventing soil erosion, and regulating contracts for environmental services. Recent studies have viewed optimal monitoring as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), which provides a framework for sequential decision making under stochastic resource dynamics and uncertainty about the resource state. We present an overview of the POMDP framework and its applications to resource monitoring. We discuss the concept of the information content provided by monitoring systems and illustrate how information content affects optimal monitoring strategies. Finally, we demonstrate how the timing of monitoring in relation to resource treatment and transition can have substantial effects on optimal monitoring strategies.     

中西部地区矿产资源禀赋评价

50年来中西部地区矿产资源开发利有的成就和勘探成果；近20年来开发中存在的问题与原因；中西部地区矿产资源在国内的地位以及我国面临的矿产资源产品的严峻形势。关键要很好研究中西部地区矿产资源的开发利用潜力，以确保我国经济的可持续发展。     

An aggregate resource efficiency perspective on sustainability: A Sustainable Value application to the EU-15 countries

The Sustainable Value approach integrates the efficiency with regard to environmental, social and economic resources into a monetary indicator. It gained significant popularity as evidenced by diverse applications at the corporate level. However, its introduction as a measure adhering to the strong sustainability paradigm sparked an ardent debate. This study explores its validity as a macroeconomic strong sustainability measure by applying the Sustainable Value approach to the EU-15 countries. Concretely, we assessed environmental, social and economic resources in combination with the GDP for all EU-15 countries from 1995 to 2006 for three benchmark alternatives. The results show that several countries manage to adequately delink resource use from GDP growth. Furthermore, the remarkable difference in outcome between the national and EU-15 benchmark indicates a possible inefficiency of the current allocation of national resource ceilings imposed by the European institutions. Additionally, by using an effects model we argue that the service degree of the economy and governmental expenditures on social protection and research and development are important determinants of overall resource efficiency. Finally, we sketch out three necessary conditions to link the Sustainable Value approach to the strong sustainability paradigm.     

“资源诅咒”的实证分析及破解

自然禀赋与一些国家或地区的经济增长之间存在显著的负相关关系,由此形成所谓的"资源诅咒"效应.从中心一外围论、贸易条件恶化论、荷兰病到资源诅咒等也均揭示出资源禀赋与经济发展之间的悖论.以此现实问题为背景,深入讨论了资源诅咒的成因及破解途径.