Can Companies Influence Investor Behaviour through Advertising? Super Bowl Commercials and Stock Returns

Recent research shows that mood and attention may affect investors’ choices. In this paper we examine whether companies can create such mood and attention effects through advertising. We choose a natural experiment by investigating price reactions and trading activity for firms employing TV commercials in 19 Super Bowl broadcasts over the 1969–2001 period. We find significant positive abnormal returns for firms which are readily identifiable from the ad contents, which is consistent with the presence of mood and attention effects. For recognisable companies with the number of ads greater than the sample mean, the event is followed by an average abnormal one day return of 45 basis points. The effect appears to persist in the short term with the 20‐day post‐event cumulative abnormal returns for such firms averaging 2%. We find significant abnormal net buying activity for small trades in shares of recognised Super Bowl advertisers indicating that small investors tend to be the ones most attracted by the increased publicity.     

An Examination of Mandatorily Convertible Preferred Stock

I investigate the determinants of the use of mandatorily convertible preferred stock and assess market reaction to its issue. The security is dividend enhanced and converted into common stock within four years. Issuers have high debt ratios, low interest coverage, and bankruptcy risk. Market response to the issue was neutral suggesting the preferred issue resolved the lemon problem associated with common stock. Firms' Z-scores and abnormal returns are inversely related indicating the issues reduced financial distress. Market response was most positive for low risk firms with high cash flows.     

An Unbiased Reexamination of Stock Market Volatility

Recent work demonstrates serious statistical problems with standard volatility tests. This paper proposes new tests that are unbiased in small samples and that do not require assumptions of stationarity. The new tests continue to find evidence against the model positing rational expectations and a constant required rate of return on equity.     

我国股票市场的财富效应分析

股市可以形成一定的虚拟财富效应,对刺激有效需求能产生正效应。而股市的实际财富效应取决于股市行情上涨对企业投资的传导,这一点又受制于股票市场规模、股市上涨持续的时间以及市场的有效性。     

An Examination of Stock Market Return Volatility During Overnight and Intraday Periods, 1964–1989

This paper examines the variance of hourly market returns during 1964–1989. Results indicate that return volatility falls from the opening hour until early afternoon and rises thereafter and is significantly greater for intraday versus overnight periods. Market variance is also shown to change significantly over time, rising after NASDAQ began in 1971, rising after trading in stock options began in 1973, falling after fixed commissions were eliminated in 1975, rising after trading in stock index futures was introduced in 1982, and falling after margin requirements for stock index futures became larger in 1988.     

深圳股票市场渐进有效性实证研究

自Fam提出有效市场假说(EMH)开始，有关市场效率研究的成果层出不穷。国内对中国股市是否达到弱型效率争论较大，否定和支持者基本各半。已有研究大多忽略了分析市场效率的动态演进过程，而渐进有效性检验方法可弥补这一缺陷。引入该方法对深圳股市进行实证检验发现，深圳股市外在效率经历了一个渐进有效的动态演进过程，虽然市场效率朝着有效的方向演进，但仍未达到弱型效率。此结论对投资者、上市公司、政府的决策均有参照作用。     

Stock Repurchases and Excess Returns: An Empirical Examination

The excess returns associated with repurchase announcements are viewed largely as a reaction to management's statement that the firm's shares are underpriced; management's signal provides new information that enhances the firm's market value. Although earlier studies have found the excess return to be closely related to the premium set by managment, other factors play a part in determining both the market reaction and the premium level set by management. Among these factors ar relative market capitalization, holdings by institutions, immediate alternative uses for cash, level of insider control, recent stock price performance, relative size of the tender offer, and the resultant change in the firm's capital structure.     

我国股票市场的系统流动性实证研究

1997年的亚洲金融危机显示出个股的流动性受到市场因素的强烈影响,市场微观结构的研究开始更多地关注市场的系统性因素.本文以上海证券交易所全部A股的日交易数据为样本,证实了我国大陆股市存在系统流动性,与美国、香港股市相比,这一因素的影响更显著;根据流通股每年的流通市值分组检验,发现我国大陆股市与香港股市相似,存在着"倒U"形态的规模效应;与发达股票市场不同,我国股市系统流动性的显著性比例与流通市值无明显的单调关系.     

Oil and the Stock Market: An Industry Level Analysis

I investigate the impact of daily oil price changes on the stock returns of a wide array of industries. I find that in addition to the stock returns of industries that depend heavily on oil, stock returns of some industries that use little oil also are sensitive to oil prices perhaps because their main customers are impacted by oil price changes. In addition, I present robust estimates of industries’ cost‐side and demand‐side dependence on oil. These measures can serve as reliable benchmarks when classifying industries into oil‐intensive and non–oil‐intensive groups, a distinction widely used in studies and media without any quantitative justification so far. Further, I find that the sensitivity of industries’ returns to oil price changes depends on both the cost‐side and demand‐side dependence on oil and that the relative effects of these factors vary across industries.     

商业银行利率风险管理与应对机制研究

伴随着利率市场化的深刻变革,商业银行逐步拥有了资金和金融产品的定价权,同时,也增加了更多的收入不确定性——利率风险。商业银行如何深刻认识利率风险,并在此基础上,采取科学的方法加强利率风险管理,系统地控制利率风险,进一步提高银行核心竞争力,是目前亟待研究的问题,也是本文研究、探讨的主要内容。     

Trusting the Stock Market

We study the effect that a general lack of trust can have on stock market participation. In deciding whether to buy stocks, investors factor in the risk of being cheated. The perception of this risk is a function of the objective characteristics of the stocks and the subjective characteristics of the investor. Less trusting individuals are less likely to buy stock and, conditional on buying stock, they will buy less. In Dutch and Italian micro data, as well as in cross‐country data, we find evidence consistent with lack of trust being an important factor in explaining the limited participation puzzle.     

An Examination of Alternative Factor Models in UK Stock Returns

This paper examines the mean-variance efficiency of a number offactor models in UK stock returns. The paper also explores, using theapproach of MacKinlay (1995), whether missing risk factors ornonrisk-based explanations best explain the pricing errors of thedifferent factor models. The evidence in the paper suggests that themean-variance efficiency of each factor model is rejected and missing riskfactors are unable to explain the pricing errors of any of the models.Some nonrisk-based explanations, which posit a wide spread in abnormalreturns, may be a more plausible source of explaining the pricing errorsof the factor models.     

中国股市账面-市值比效应的检验及解释

本文以1995～2005年沪市和深市全部A股股票作为研究对象,对中国股市账面-市值比效应进行了实证检验,并从有限套利的角度对账面-市值比效应进行了解释.本文认为,我国证券市场存在着账面-市值比效应;账面-市值比效应对股票收益有着显著的预测作用;从有限套利角度考虑的套利风险因素、套利成本因素对账面市值比效应有着较强的解释能力,从而支持账面-市值比效应是因为偏误定价所造成的观点.     

An Empirical Analysis of Stock and Bond Market Liquidity

This article explores cross-market liquidity dynamics by estimatinga vector autoregressive model for liquidity (bid-ask spreadand depth, returns, volatility, and order flow in the stockand Treasury bond markets). Innovations to stock and bond marketliquidity and volatility are significantly correlated, implyingthat common factors drive liquidity and volatility in thesemarkets. Volatility shocks are informative in predicting shiftsin liquidity. During crisis periods, monetary expansions areassociated with increased liquidity. Moreover, money flows togovernment bond funds forecast bond market liquidity. The resultsestablish a link between "macro" liquidity, or money flows,and "micro" or transactions liquidity.     

股市硕鼠

内幕、内幕,都是幕后的交易.公司甲濒临倒闭,公司乙愿以重金收购公司甲,公司甲的股票行情看涨.在公众知道此事之前,公司甲的董事抢先购入公司甲股票,然后再将股票出手,从中渔利.这就是典型的内幕交易,"近水楼台先得月".     

优化股市政策化解股市失灵

目前我国股市缺乏吸引力源于股市失灵,其特征为市场机制失灵和政府政策失灵共存.股市失灵的真正原因总是归根为政策失灵.化解股市失灵关键是采取积极的态度,不断改革、创新,从根本上消除股市理论失灵,以优化政策资源配置,促进我国股市健康、稳定发展.