节水型社会建设的民意研究

节水型社会建设是一个政府与社会的互动过程。针对目前我国的决策环境,为降低制度安排的实施成本,对节水型社会建设的民意进行了研究。研究以山东省德州市为例,按千分之一的比例,对农村居民的节水意愿进行了抽样调查。结果表明：虽然80%以上的受访者有节水意愿,但其中相当多的人认识不到当地严重的缺水和水质恶化状况;受访者的文化程度、年龄、性别均为农村居民对节水认识的影响因子,三者之中以文化程度的作用最为明显。     

兰州市生态主导产业研究

利用层次分析法(AHP)对兰州市生态主导产业进行定量分析,通过重化评估参数,构建了评估参数模型.通过该模型对生态主导产业优先选择进行分析,可以为指挥决策者提供定量依据.     

捕捞渔业的安全政策与研究

捕捞渔业一直是人类最危险的行业之一.在捕捞渔业安全政策领域,相关法律框架的完善是提高安全措施实施的一个重要先决条件.然而,在渔业安全的研究工作上并没有足够数量的对意外事故的处理记录,而且在多数情况下不同国家之间的处理没有可比性.此外,还缺乏对全球捕捞渔业安全的研究工作.目前的工作主要是勾勒出国家最先进的捕捞渔业安全轮廓.论文对涉及渔业安全的主要机构、组织和研究人员等方面都进行了分析,探讨了几个渔业安全方面的问题,包括渔业部门用什么样的制度政策来提高捕捞渔业活动的安全性?哪些方面和/或参数通常用于分析捕捞渔业事故的发生?这种分析通常用于哪些方面?捕捞渔业安全研究的主题是什么?分析结果确定了捕捞渔业安全研究的八条具体路线和五个有关渔业部门处理海上安全的方案.     

海洋渔业产学研合作研究述评及展望

产学研合作是加快渔业技术创新和成果转化的主要方式,是培养创新型海洋渔业人才的基本途径。本文从海洋渔业产学研合作的背景和内涵谈起,在对海洋渔业产学研合作研究现状综述的基础上,全面分析了当前海洋渔业产学研合作的成绩与不足,总结了海洋渔业的一般产学研结合、政产学研融合和政产学研协同创新等三种模式,并从构建“领导分工体系、制度保障体系、培训服务体系和技术推广体系”四个方面探讨了改进海洋渔业产学研合作的对策问题,为今后海洋渔业产学研合作研究提供了借鉴与指导。     

Production and uses of subject-matter research in federal service: observations from research on Farmer Mac

Rapid institutional innovation in the 1980's has led to problems that exceed the scope of research normally assumed by individual researchers. During such periods of rapid change, subject-matter research may be particularly useful. This paper reviews research on the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac) and examines its role in the policy debate.     

几种蕨类植物无性繁殖技术研究

根据蕨类植物具有自然无性繁殖特性,研究利用分根茎和分株技术产生新的植株;结果表明:荚果蕨分生根状茎用于无性繁育新植株可提高繁殖系数:蕨菜分生根状茎分段长20cm时繁育出的新植株生长健壮,可提高资源利用效率.蕨菜施用草木灰处理可以提前出苗,具有明显的促进蕨菜生育作用:东北蹄盖蕨施入草炭和草木灰比不施肥新植株分别增加1.2...     

缬草研究进展

介绍了有关缬草的化学成分、生物活性研究及应用研究方面的进展;缬草是很具有开发前途的中草药,值得进一步研究。     

蕨菜人工有性繁育研究

为了保护野生资源,寻求快速人工繁育技术,采用互比法3次重复,通过人工控制光照、温度、水分和酸碱度等生态因子,试验观测对蕨菜孢子萌发、原叶体出现、配子体形成孢子体及其形成孢子体率的影响,试验结果表明光照对蕨菜孢子繁育影响不明显,对形成率影响差异明显组间达到22%;温度影响没有明显差异;水分影响表现在形成时间组间相差10d,形成率组间相差14%;酸碱度影响明显,组间萌发相差17d,形成率相差6%。     

巢湖虾蟹产业经济发展战略研究

虾蟹是我国重要的养殖品种,发展虾蟹产业对优化渔业经济结构,促进农渔民增收,保障市场有效供给都具有十分重要的意义。巢湖是安徽省乃至长江中下游地区水产品重要生产地,本文对巢湖虾蟹产业发展的现状与特点进行了阐述,并剖析了制约巢湖虾蟹产业发展的主要问题,提出必须从科技创新、产业结构、产品质量、组织化程度等方面采取措施,进一步做大做强巢湖虾蟹产业。     

关于东方白鹳的研究进展

论述了当今国内外对东方白鹤研究的最新成果,东方白鹤自1983年起已被公认为独立的物种,目前世界上东方白鹤种群数量约为3 000只,主要在黑龙江流域繁殖,在长江中下游越冬;截至2006年底,我国学者发表的关于东方白鹳的论文统计有71篇,我国学者对东方白鹳的研究内容涉及生态、生理、繁殖及病理等几个方面;提出了一些东方白鹤的保护对策及研究展望和发展建议。     

Levy-funded research choices by producers and society

Commodity levies are used increasingly to fund producer collective goods such as research and promotion. In the present paper we examine theoretical relationships between producer and national benefits from levy-funded research, and consider the implications for the appropriate rates of matching government grants, applied with a view to achieving a closer match between producer and national interests. In many cases the producer and national optima coincide. First, regardless of the form of the supply shift, when product demand is perfectly elastic, or all the product is exported, domestic benefits and costs of levy-funded research all go to producers and they have appropriate incentives. Second, if research causes a parallel supply shift, the producer share of research benefits is the same as their share of costs of a levy, and their incentives are compatible with national interests. In such cases, a matching grant would cause an over-investment in research from a national perspective. However, if demand is less than perfectly elastic, and research causes a pivotal supply shift, the producer share of benefits is smaller than their share of costs of the levy, and they will under-invest in research from a national point of view. A matching grant can be justified in such cases, however the magnitude of the optimal grant is sensitive to market conditions.     

芒颖大麦草的优化栽培研究

芒颖大麦草是黑龙江省一种优秀的观赏草品种。本研究采用温室播种、选择育苗基质和喷施化学生物调节剂等方法,有效延长了观赏时间一倍有余。有利于芒颖大麦草的的推广和应用。     

Returns to wheat breeding research in Nepal

Returns to investment in wheat breeding research in Nepal were estimated for two periods: (1) the Green Revolution period (1960–1990), when modern semidwarf wheat varieties first appeared and spread throughout the country, and (2) the post-Green Revolution period (after 1990), when first-generation modern varieties will be replaced by newer materials. Major benefits of the Nepalese wheat breeding program have included maintenance of disease resistance and faster dissemination of exotic germplasm. Attractive rates of return to investment in wheat breeding have been due in part to Nepal's ability to capture spillover benefits from neighboring countries and from international agricultural research centers.     

我国海产品电子商务发展对策研究

我国网络购物群体规模不断扩大,海产品电子商务也随之兴起并迅速发展。本文主要通过对淘宝指数的数据分析,总结了当前我国海产品电子商务具有参与主体单一、消费区域广阔、销售途径多样化、消费群体差异大、品牌价值低等特点。从产品标准、配送体系、信息技术、销售策略等方面分析了我国海产品电子商务存在的问题,在宏观层面上提出制定海产品电子商务规范、健全海产品物流配送体系、加强信息网络建设、培养海产品电商人才等建议;在营销策略层面提出加强品牌建设、重视内陆市场、重视移动终端客户、提高网络营销技巧等对策建议。     

Measuring research benefits in an imperfect market

Recent work indicates that the joint effects of intermediate input and final output tariff reforms on equilibrium in the differentiated final products sector are analytically ambiguous. This issue is addressed empirically for disaggregate, imperfectly competitive U.S. food manufacturing industries. The input tariff effect dominates in most industries, leading to increases in the number of U.S. firms and total industry output as a result of tariff reform. This provides evidence that the existing U.S. tariff profile discriminates against domestic food manufacturers as input tariff effects outweigh the protection offered by output tariffs. This conclusion is robust to changes in the degree of interfirm rivalry (monopolistic competition or cournot oligopoly).     

National agricultural commodity research priorities for Pakistan

A future agricultural research agenda for Pakistan and its provinces was developed as part of the national master agricultural research plan (NMARP) under the Government of Pakistan, World Bank agricultural research project II (ARP-II). The current research agenda mainly keeps pace with maintenance research and little contribution is being made to increase the productivity above maintenance levels for most crop and livestock commodities. Thus, the present Pakistan agricultural research system cannot contribute in any substantial or efficient way to the narrowing of Pakistan's projected food deficit anticipated in the next 15 years. A major thrust of the ARP-II project was identifying a new research agenda with agricultural research priority setting as the basis. An ex ante economic surplus priority setting analysis at the national level was undertaken for selected agricultural commodities as part of the priority setting process. Three eparate research funding scenarios were analyzed: (1) Scenario I: an ex ante analysis using the present research commodity funding levels and present research management level for each year over the next five years, (2) Scenario II: an ex ante analysis using double the present funding level for each year over the next 5 years with a higher research management level than at present, and (3) Scenario III; an ex ante analysis at an ‘optimally’ funded level with a higher research management level. An efficiency index (NPV divided by the present value of research expenditure) was used for the priority ranking of commodities. A framework for using the information generated by the ex ante economic surplus method is presented. The results of the analysis proved to be useful as baseline information for researchers and research managers to assess the overall budget commitment required for agricultural research in Pakistan and for identifying an overall research strategy at the national level.