欧拉法与Matlab数值求解

欧拉法在常微分方程近似数值求解,特别是理论分析中占有很重要的地位,本文通过Matlab的平台,显示执行欧拉法各步骤的细节。由于数学软件Matlab自身不带有欧拉法执行程序,笔者编写了三个欧拉法计算程序,以满足常微分方程近似数值求解和理论分析的需要。     

美英机场体制比较及其启示

传统上,机场定位为公益性基础设施,投资由政府负责,收入主要是飞机起降费和向航空公司收取的设施使用费和服务费。2003年,我国民用机场完成了“以省为单位下放和成立企业集团”的改革,从此,机场被定位为企业,并被要求自主经营、自负盈亏。     

国内外铁路机车车辆运用及检修情况对比分析

机车车辆是铁路运输装备的重要组成部分,其运用检修布局及修程修制的规划调整是我国铁路生产力布局调整的重要内容。通过对国内外铁路机车车辆资源配置现状进行分析,以及国内外铁路在机车车辆运用、检修布局、修程修制等方面存在差异的比较,对我国铁路机车车辆布局调整提供有益借鉴。     

交通与运输的区别与联系

现代社会中,交通关乎人们的工作、学习与生活等方面,是人类社会生活的重要内容。随着社会进步与城市发展,交通领域内各种矛盾日益突出,在满足公众出行需求方面,既有每年的“春运”、“暑运”、节假日长途客流高峰出行困难,又有城市上下班客流高峰道路拥堵现象;在基础设施建设方面,既有各地交通事业发展不协调,也有道路用地紧张、交通能源消耗高和环境污染严重等问题;在社会和谐稳定发展方面,在交通意外事故与保险赔偿、运输市场和运输工具监管以及交通秩序维护等方面也存在一些问题。     

Ethnicity and Tourism Entrepreneurship in Java and Bali

Ethnicity permeates many aspects of tourism in the multi-ethnic nation of Indonesia. A great deal of tourism development in Java and Bali has been supported by global capital and this has facilitated the growth of enclaves. Despite the dominance of transnational corporations a lot of entrepreneurial activity in tourism is conducted by domestic entrepreneurs. The Chinese of South-east Asia are the subject of an increasing number of research papers, but this coverage tends to overshadow the entrepreneurial activities of other ethnic groups in the region. Attention is paid to Chinese ethnicity and entrepreneurship in this paper, especially in relation to other ethnic groups. Indonesian entrepreneurs are involved in many different kinds of tourism concerns ranging from the Jakarta conglomerates to medium-sized firms and small-scale operations. A clear line cannot always be drawn between the Jakarta conglomerates and transnational capital. There is also a substantial informal sector, often financed by Chinese capital, but operated by indigenous labour. Doing business with compatriots helps to reduce risk, especially when supply lines are extended. Anthropological and sociological theories of ethnicity enable us to examine the maintenance and extension of ethnic boundaries, and the processes by which networks include outsiders.     

中外高速公路融雪化冰技术和方法

冬天或者冰寒地区的道路结冰、积雪,严重影响国家的交通、经济以及正常的户外活动和工作。2008年初的一场特大降雪,给我国特别是南方地区带来巨大灾害。降雪量之大、降雪时间之长、受灾区域之广、造成交通中断堵塞时间之长,都是百年不遇的,直接经济损失达537．9亿元。世界各国为解决冬天道路结冰、积雪这一难题,大多是根据天气预报提早准备扫雪设备和工业盐水（或融雪剂）,下雪后立即对主干道公路、城市道路进行清扫或洒盐水或洒融雪剂等,     

Option and non-use values and rail project appraisal

Option values and non-use values are well-known concepts in environmental economics, but so far there been few attempts to apply the concepts to the transportation field. This paper therefore firstly reviews empirical studies on transport option and non-use values, and secondly examines the inclusion of option and non-use values in five rail scheme appraisals in the UK. We find that whilst the evidence base is small, the importance of option and non-use values is large where user benefits are low and for projects involving the provision (or loss) of commuting opportunities (including station openings/closures).     

Air transport and tourism—Perspectives and challenges for destinations,airlines and governments

Air transport and tourism are interlinked. Tourism is a driving factor for and, in some cases, a stimulator of change in air transport; most notably the development of new business models such as charter airlines. On the other hand, air transport opened new destinations and tourism forms such as long-haul excursions. Here these interlinks are analyzed in a system model. For the strategic development of destinations, a clear airline policy and air access strategy seems to be necessary. For airlines an assessment and understanding of the business models of destinations is essential. By shaping the external regulative environment of air traffic, government may influence air traffic as well as tourism.     

量化战略与规划及其在铁路产业更新改造管理中的应用

量化战略与规划是采取量化手段明确企业发展战略与规划的目标,有助于提高企业发展战略与规划的定量性、操作性、考核性和持续性.国家电网公司综合计划管理采取了“三上三下”的计划编制流程,实行计划全过程闭环管理,具有典型的量化管理特征,为中国铁路更新改造业务采取量化管理提供了良好经验.中国铁路总公司管理型企业定位无疑使量化战略与规划更具吸引力.     

铁路集疏运系统规划建设的实践与探索

华北地区具有区位、资源和交通优势.随着京津城际铁路,石太、郑西客运专线建成运营,相关干线实现客货分线,组织实施了华北地区铁路集疏运系统的规划建设工作.通过明确华北地区铁路集疏运系统规划建设的主要目标和重要任务,分析预测了该系统的运量及其能力适应性.针对影响华北地区集疏运系统扩能增量的主要因素,提出技改扩能方案、集运站点规划设计方案及有关配套措施.华北地区率先建立集疏运系统,开创了我国铁路集疏运系统研究和实施的先河,给我们以有益的启示.     

对国有与民营航运企业若干运行机制的比较分析

目前,大型国有航运企业和中小型民营航运企业是我国航运业中占据重要地位的两类企业。国有航运企业经过30多年的不断改革,正在逐步实现全面建立现代企业制度的目标。民营航运企业则利用改革开放的良好机遇迅速崛起,成为我国航运业的重要补充力量。我国国有航运企业最具有代表性的就是中远、中海、长航-中外运等大型集团,     

Land use and transport: research and policy challenges

In the debate on the impacts of land use on transport two questions are of particular importance: (1) does land use affect travel behaviour and (2) if land use affects travel behaviour, should land-use policies be partly based on (expected or assumed) transport impacts? There is enough evidence to conclude that land use can influence travel behaviour. However, this does not mean that policy-makers should choose land-use alternatives with the lowest level of car use. Possible future land-use and transport plans should be evaluated according to a broad range of factors. Several challenges for research and policy-making related to these aspects are presented here.     

大力挖潜扩能深化内涵发展努力提高运输效率和效益

西安铁路局面对自然灾害和金融危机等影响,树立"大运输"理念,做强一主两翼,通过"短平快"项目打通运输瓶颈,加强运输组织、机车车辆运用和货运营销工作,实施铁路局以周、站段以日为工作节点的计划、分析、考核和兑现的激励约束机制,确保了全年运输任务的完成,为西北区域持续增量和夺取抗震救灾胜利作出了贡献.     

Scatters and clusters in time and space: implications for delivering integrated and inclusive transport

This paper calls for a refinement in the literature on social exclusion/inclusion, and an alteration in the counterpart policy practices, in order to take account of ‘scatter’ and ‘cluster’ dimensions in the patterning of transport deprivation. Disaggregating social exclusion and inclusion data to enable the identification of scatters and clusters is key to the development of appropriate transport planning strategies. The degree to which lack of mobility is scattered or clustered can have profound implications for the ways in which time and space are treated by policy.     

高速公路机电设备的维护与管理

目前,高速公路机电系统设备种类多、数量大、涉及的领域广,给高速公路的机电维护、维修带来了一定的难度。如何用好、养好、修好、管好机电设备,充分发挥机电设备的作用,推动运营管理水平不断提高,已成为高速公路管理者面临的一个新课题。高速公路机电系统主要包括：监控系统、收费系统、通信系统及其供配电设备。它是保证高速公路实现安全、高速、畅通、舒适功能的必要组成部分,也是高速公路运营管理的主要手段。     

铁路勘察设计的组织与策划

探讨铁路勘察企业在市场营销、勘察、设计等阶段如何开展组织、策划工作,在生产组织中,要处理好生产与质量、工期、成本的关系,为工程建设服务。     

Asian Tourism and the Financial Indonesia and Thailand Compared

The paperuses the examples of Indonesia and Thailand to illustrate the impacts of the financial crisis on tourism in Southeast Asia. The countries are compared with regard to their stage of development as tourist destinations, the implications of the crisis and responsesmade to it. Thailand is seen as having withstood the period of turmoil more successfully than Indonesia because of its strong image, good infrastructure and aggressive marketing while Indonesia has had to face additional problems of social and political instability. However, the situation needs to be monitored over a longer period of time until the crisis is finally resolved before any final conclusions can be derived about its consequences and the effectiveness of attempts at management.     

中小港口装卸作业中不安全行为预防与控制

港口是国家和地区重要的交通基础设施,是交通运输的枢纽,是水陆各种运输方式的交汇点,是人流、物流、信息流的集散地.港口的大部分设施容易遭受到自然界和人为的破坏,同时港口的作业条件、对象复杂,对安全性要求较高.港口的安全状况不仅关系到港口企业自身经济利益,而且与港口所在城市人民生命财产和地区经济正常运行关系极大.